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Platinum interlayers reduce charge transport barriers between amorphous Ir-oxide OER electrocatalysts and the porous transport layer
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Prevalenca inkontinence in uporaba inkontinenčnih pripomočkov v akutni bolnišnični obravnavi
Full text linkResearch question (RQ): What is the prevalence of incontinent patients in acute hospital settings? How do staff choose incontinence devices for patient care? Purpose: The purpose of the study is to find out what proportion of incontinent patients are managed in acute hospital settings and to find out what incontinence devices are used by staff to care for incontinent patients and how. Based on the findings, we want to implement measures to improve the quality of care for patients with incontinence. Method: We used a descriptive method to review the literature, developed a questionnaire for data collection, trained staff on how to conduct the survey, and measured the point prevalence of incontinence using a cross-sectional survey. Results: Slightly more men (51.6%) than women (47.3%) were included in the survey, and for 1.1% of the patients, gender information was not available. Of the 1,277 patients included in the study, 750, or a good half (58.7%), were continent and did not use incontinence devices. A further 83, or 6.5%, were continent and used incontinence devices. 31.1% or 397 patients were incontinent and used incontinence devices, while 17 or 1.6% did not, despite being incontinent. For 2.3% of patients, no information was available. The point prevalence was 32.4%. Organisation: Good organisation is essential for good quality care for incontinent patients, so it is important to improve the quality of care for incontinent patients based on the findings. Society: Adequate patient awareness of incontinence is of paramount importance for the reduction and management of incontinence in the population. Originality: This is the first study in Slovenia to report the prevalence of incontinence in acute hospital settings. Limitations/follow-up research: The survey was conducted in a single tertiary care institutionwe recommend that such a survey be conducted in the remaining hospitals in Slovenia.Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV): Kakšna je prevalenca inkontinentnih pacientov v akutni bolnišnični obravnavi? Na kakšen način zaposleni izbirajo inkontinenčne pripomočke za oskrbo pacientov? Namen: Namen raziskave je ugotoviti kolikšen delež pacientov z inkontinenco obravnavamo v akutni bolnišnični obravnavi. Ugotoviti želimo tudi, kakšne inkontinenčne pripomočke uporabljajo zaposleni za oskrbo inkontinentnih pacientov in na kašen način. Na podlagi ugotovitev želimo izvesti ukrepe, ki bodo pripomogli k bolj kakovostni obravnavi pacientov z inkontinenco. Metoda: V raziskavi smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo za pregled literature, izdelali smo vprašalnik za zbiranje podatkov, izvedli izobraževanje zaposlenih o načinu in izvedbi raziskave ter izmerili točkovno prevalenco inkontinence s presečno raziskavo. Rezultati: Raziskava je zajela nekoliko več moških (51,6 %) kot žensk (47,3 %), za 1,1 % pacientov pa podatek o spolu ni bil na voljo. Izmed 1.277 pacientov, vključenih v raziskavo, jih je bilo 750 oziroma dobra polovica (58,7 %) kontinentnih in niso uporabljali inkontinenčnih pripomočkov. Nadaljnjih 83 oziroma 6,5 % pacientov je bilo kontinentnih in so uporabljali inkontinenčne pripomočke. 31,1 % oziroma 397 pacientov je bilo inkontinentnih in so uporabljali inkontinenčne pripomočke, 17 ali 1,6 % pa ne, kljub temu, da so bili inkontinentni. Za 2,3 % pacientov podatek ni bil na voljo. Točkovna prevalenca je znašala 32,4 %. Organizacija: Dobra organizacija je bistvena za kakovostno oskrbo inkontinentnih pacientov, zato je pomembno na podlagi ugotovljenih rezultatov izboljševati kakovost oskrbe inkontinentnih pacientov. Družba: Ustrezna ozaveščenost pacientov o inkontinenci je izredno pomembna za zmanjševanje in obvladovanje inkontinence v populaciji. Originalnost: Takšne raziskave v Sloveniji še ni bilo, to so prvi pridobljeni rezultati o prevalenci inkontinence v akutni bolnišnični obravnavi. Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: Raziskava je potekala v enem terciarnem zavodu, priporočamo, da se takšna raziskava izvede tudi v preostalih bolnišnicah v Sloveniji
Urbaria aetatis mediae Sloveniam spectantia. Vol. 1, Urbaria archiepiscopatus salisburgensis
Full text linkUse of iPhone LiDAR technology for measuring tree parameters in forest inventories sampling plots
Full text linkLasersko skeniranje dreves je lahko koristna tehnologija za dopolnitev in overitev informacij, pridobljenih s klasično gozdno inventuro. Profesionalni terestrični in mobilni skenerji so dragi in zahtevajo usposobljene uporabnike. Zato smo v delu preizkusili uporabnost cenovno dostopnejše tehnologije Apple iPhone lidar, in sicer za pridobivanje dveh poglavitnih informacij o drevesih na vzorčnih ploskvah gozdne inventure: to sta premer drevesa na višini 1,3 metra nad tlemi (d1,3) in oddaljenost drevesa od središča ploskve. Na štirih krožnih raziskovalnih ploskvah na Rožniku smo v treh ločenih ekipah gozdarskih strokovnjakov izmerili referenčne podatke za vsa drevesa z d1,3 ≥ 10 cm s tradicionalnimi metodami, nato smo ploskve poskenirali še z napravo Apple iPhone 13 Pro Max. Podatke skeniranj smo obdelali z odprtokodnimi programi. Ugotovili smo, da so vrednosti d1,3, pridobljene iz podatkov laserskega skeniranja, v povprečju precenjene za 0,95 centimetra (RMSE = 2,43 cm), napaka je značilno večja pri tanjših drevesih. Horizontalne razdalje so bile večinoma podcenjene, v povprečju za 6,7 centimetra (RMSE = 24,1 cm). Napaka v horizontalni razdalji se z naraščajočim časom skeniranja povečuje, medtem ko trajanje skeniranja ne vpliva na vrednosti prsnih premerov. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da so lesne zaloge, izračunane iz podatkov skeniranja, v povprečju precenjene za 2,6 %.Laser scans of trees in the field could represent a useful technology for complementing and controlling information measured in the context of classic forest inventory. Professional terrestrial and mobile laser scanners remain, however, expensive and require professional handling. For this purpose, we wanted to evaluate the application of low-cost Apple lidar technology for measuring two important forest inventory parameters – the diameter of trees at 1.3 m above ground level (d1,3) and horizontal distances to the centre of sampling inventory plots. These parameters were measured by four independent groups of forest inventory experts on four circular plots near the Slovenian Forestry Institute for all trees with d1,3 ≥ 10 cm, using traditional methods. Subsequently, the plots were scanned with lidar-equipped Apple iPhone 13 Pro Max. The scan data were analysed using open-source software. On average d1,3 values from laser scans were 0.95 cm (RMSE = 2.43 cm) greater than reference values, with larger discrepancies for thinner trees. Conversely, horizontal distances were on average underestimated by 6.7 cm (RMSE = 24.1 cm). Discrepancies in horizontal distances were greater for trees that were measured toward the end of the scanning process, while no such influence of the scanning time was apparent for d1,3. Additionally, we found that growing stock values were overestimated by 2.6%
Smart Prediction and Trust-based Transmission in Delay-Targeted Networks for Aviation Communication
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A global real-world study assessing total time to adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism
Full text linkBackground: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common treatable cause of hypertension. When caused by unilateral adrenal disease, it is potentially curable by adrenalectomy. However, specialized tests and other factors may delay definitive treatment. We assessed the time to adrenalectomy (TTA) for patients worldwide. Methods: We conducted an international, multicentre retrospective study involving 39 centres from 15 countries to determine the total time taken from the first presentation to adrenalectomy and the intervals between each stage (screening, confirmatory, subtyping, and adrenalectomy). We included patients with PA who underwent adrenalectomy from January 1, 2018, to October 30, 2022. Post-adrenalectomy outcomes were evaluated using the Primary Aldosteronism Surgery Outcome criteria. We performed multivariable quantile and linear regression to identify characteristics associated with longer TTA. Results: We included 861 patients, mean age 49.3 ± 11.1 years, and 44.5% were women. Overall median TTA was 13.5 months, IQR: 6.6-24.5. Median intervals were 0.1 months (screening), 1.0 months (confirmatory), 4.1 months (subtyping), and 4.3 months (adrenalectomy). On multivariable analysis, median TTA was increased by 5.4 months for each additional adrenal vein sampling (AVS) procedure. Other factors associated with longer TTA included adrenalectomy post-COVID-19, younger age, and additional screening tests. Compared with countries with routine AVS, those without AVS had a shorter TTA (6.1 vs 15.1 months, P < .001), but greater likelihood of absent/partial biochemical success post-adrenalectomy (27.4% vs 12.4%, P < .001). Conclusion: Primary aldosteronism management is time-consuming worldwide, especially for subtyping tests and adrenalectomy. While omitting AVS reduces overall time, patients are less likely to achieve biochemical cure post-adrenalectomy
Evaluation of hemodynamic and biomarker changes in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement
Full text linkBackground: Aortic stenosis (AS) is a systemic disease characterized by valvular obstruction, ventricular remodeling, and perioperative vulnerability to oxygen supply–demand imbalance. This study evaluated perioperative metabolic and biomarker dynamics and early postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). Patients and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 60 consecutive adults with severe AS who underwent surgical AVR at a single center. Demographics, anthropometric data, intraoperative variables, complications, and pre- and postoperative hemodynamic and laboratory parameters were evaluated. Postoperatively, the following were assessed at 6 and 24 hours: mean arterial pressure (MAP), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂), pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), hemoglobin (Hb), lactate, and creatine kinase–MB isoenzyme (CK-MB). Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median (interquartile range, IQR). Paired t-tests were used to compare values between 6 and 24 hours. Results: The mean age was 69.9 ± 7.3 years58.3% were male. Mean anesthesia and operation times were 151.5 ± 21.8 and 126.8 ± 20.6 minutes, respectivelymean cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cross-clamp times were 78.3 ± 17.6 and 58.5 ± 16.7 minutes. Nearly half of the patients (46.7%) had no postoperative complicationsothers experienced bleeding (16.7%), arrhythmias requiring therapy (6.7%), permanent pacemaker implantation (8.3%), re-exploration (6.7%), infection (8.3%), respiratory failure (3.3%), or renal failure (3.3%). From 6 to 24 hours postoperatively, lactate decreased (2.34 ± 0.96 →1.87 ± 0.98 mmol/Lp = 0.006) and CK-MB declined (52.5 ± 34.2 →39.0 ± 30.8 U/Lp = 0.001), while Hb increased (103.5 ± 10.1 →120.1 ± 22.9 g/Lp < 0.001). pH decreased modestly (7.396 ± 0.057 →7.365 ± 0.065p = 0.015). MAP, SaO₂, PaO₂, and PaCO₂ showed no significant changes. The median hospital stay was 7 days (IQR 6–8). Conclusions: In patients undergoing surgical AVR for AS, early postoperative trends demonstrated an improving metabolic profile (lower lactate) and biomarker normalization (CK-MB) with stable oxygenation, alongside low-to-moderate complication rates and a consistent 7-day median stay. Integrating perioperative oxygen-balance markers and cardiac biomarkers with imaging and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) assessment may refine timing and risk stratification for intervention. Prospective studies with standardized imaging and longer follow-up are warranted to link early metabolic recovery with ventricular remodeling and clinical outcomes