Kobe University of Welfare Institutional Repository / 神戸医療福祉大学機関リポジトリ
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Effects of Imaging Letters as a Dual Task on the rate of the Free Recall Test
Get PDFP(論文)The purpose of this paper was to examine the effects of image on performance during thefree recall test, by manipulating the dual task type. In the study phase, I presented 36partipants with lists of words, followed by a world fragment completion test. One group ofparticipants was told only to read lists of words (reading condition), a second group was toldto perform dual task which required them to image the figure of letters (letter-imagingcondition), and a third group was told to do the dual task in which they must produce words(word-producing condition). As result, the rate of the free recall was lower in the letter-imaging condition and in the word-producing condition than in the reading condition. Theletter-imaging condition and the word-producing condition made no difference. This resultshowed that the effect of imaging the figure of letters in Endo (2007) is due to the perceptualprocessing.departmental bulletin pape
Form-related Priming Effect in Japanese Hiragana Words
Get PDFP(論文)In form-related priming, responses to high frequency fargets were inhibited whereasresponses to low frequency targets were facilitated. In this study, we examined the form-related priming effect in Japanese hiragana words. 14 undergraduates and graduates participatedin naming task. As a result, it was obtained a significant word familiarity effect, butnot obtained a significant facilitation and inhibition effect observed in the previous studies.The factors of physical complexity of prime and target words and script familiarity of targetwords were discussed.departmental bulletin pape
The Synergy of Positive and Negative Space in Japanese Callgraphy
Get PDFP(論文)Japanese calligraphy is an art that can transcend its simplicity and restriction to createbeautiful masterpieces. It relates to literature, drawing, and music. Though the beauty liesin such things as the arrangement, brush strokes, and the color of the sumi(ink), the synergyof positive and negative space is the most important. When a work has negative space whichcan express strength, insistence, profundity, refreshingness, enrichment, and warmth, itbecomes a masterpiece. The synergy of positive and negative space is illustrated by the works of such writers asRyoukan and Hakuin. As calligraphy reflects a writer's whole being, the synergy cannot becreated only through training and skill. It is created by the writer's spirit of life. The concept of negative space and ma in Japanese calligraphy, an inherent characteristicof Japanese culture, can be seen in many aspects of the culture: houses, gardens, silence, andyoin (a reverberation in the sense of an overtone; resonance) .departmental bulletin pape
How to Minimize the Psychological Effects of Pandemic Flu : - Investigation at University -
Get PDFP(論文)Summary Many reports predict that a new type of influenza pandemic (pandemic flu) could soonaffect the whole world. When a pandemic strikes, the general population is severely influencedby psychological effects caused by the disease, and daily lives are seriously damaged. This report investigates how to minimize the psychological effects of a pandemic. In auniversity setting, both the containment of the infection and the management of information,including unfounded rumors, are indispensable.departmental bulletin pape
The Influence of Delayed Period on the Testing Effect
Get PDFP(論文)Testing improves retention. Initial recall tests between encoding and retrieval increase theperformance of the final test. This phenomenon is called a direct testing effect. The purposeof this paper was to examine the effects of retention on performance during the free recalltest, by manipulating the study type (restudy / initial test), and the period between initialtests (or restudy) and final test (5min / 1 week). As a result, in the 5-min delayedcondition, compared with the subjects in the restdy condition the subjects in the initial testcondition reduced thier recall rates. However, in the 1-week delayed condition, there was nosignificant difference in retes between the two study types. This result suggests thatdelayed period influences the testing effect.departmental bulletin pape
The State of the Covenant Shores Retirement Community : - The Life and People of Covenant Shores on Mercer Island, Washington, USA -
Get PDFP(論文)Retirement communities are not yet common in Japan. The purpose of this paper is tointroduce the Covenant Shores Retirement Community on Mercer Island in Washington, USAand the lives of people living in it, and to consider what Japanese can learn from them. I stayed with an 82-year-old woman, A, in Covenant Shores for 8 days from March 15th to23rd, 2007. I observed the lives and people there. Most of the people I met were over 80 yearsold. However, they were very independent and enjoyed their own lives. Many were peervolunteers. Japanese can learn to be unique, the importance of retaining one's past way of lifeand that the elderly can help one another.departmental bulletin pape
A Study on the Public Day Nursery, which resulted from the Child Welfare Measurers in Osaka ; Social work served as the foundation of this service
No full textP(論文)The purpose of this paper is to clearify the beginning of the "Public Day Nursery", whichresulted from the child welfare measures that advanced in Osaka, and to consider how peopleregarded and used those institutions. Social work has developed rapidly since the rice riot (Kome-Soudou) in Osaka. Socialworkers made some relief institutions for poor people by the public method. Those institutionscontained including the consultation center, maternity hospitals, infant homes, andpublic day nurseries. The number of infact deaths from poverty decreased when those institutions becameavailable, Nursery services helped mothers who lived below the poverty line and gave theirchildren nursing and education. Public day care services made life easier for people who wereborn in poverty. So the people have begun to notice that Public day nurseries are necessary for the workingmother of all class. This was progressive thought in the Taisho era.departmental bulletin pape
Testing Effect with Free Recall Tests
Get PDFP(論文)Abstract Testing improves retention. Initial recall tests between encoding and retrieval increase theperformance of the final test. This phenomenon is called direct testing effect. Direct testingeffect is interesting in the point that testing effect exists even when initial tests are givenwithout feedback. Moreover, tests increase performance of later tests more than additionalstudy of the encoding items. Some cognitive psychologists have studied the direct testingeffect in the laboratory. The purpose of this paper is to review the study of direct testingeffect with recall tests.departmental bulletin pape
A Study on the Life and Achievements by Tokusaburo Hachihama, the Pioneer of Employment Exchange
Get PDFP(論文)Tokusaburo Hachihama was born at Kasaoka-cho, Oda-gun in Bitchu-koku (now, KasaokaCity, Okayama Prefecture) in 1871 (meiji 4). After he worked at a cocoonery laboratoryas a student, and learned its technical skills, he came back to his native town and took anactive part in a learning school as an instructor. Just then, a church was built in KasaokaCity and there he was baptized at the age of 21 and he entered the special course of divinityat Doshisha University at the age of 23. After many turns and twists, he understood theChristian truth. While Hachihama had close contacts with Kosuke Tomeoka from the sametown, he issued Kiristokyo Shinbun and made a survey of indigent people as a part-timeemployee of the Ministryof Home Affairs. In 1909 (Meiji 42) the New York State employment agency was established and inEngland the first Labor Exchane Law was proclaimed. At the same time in Japan, Tokusaburoestablished the social welfare home at the age of 39 during his mission work as a minister.He set to social work giving employment and employment reference for jobless personscoming to the church. At this time he built up the foundation of his social worker as aphilanthropist. After that he engaged in the Osaka Municipal employment agency as a part-time employeeand then he followed the public and private employment agencies. And also he took part inthe establishment of social work and the guidance of unemployed workers. In the first half of his lifetime he worked as a minister and in the latter half as a socialenterpriser. He saw the lower-class poverty with his own eye and tried to find a sure meansof living for a lot of people, saying "There is no social work without religious morals." froma humanitarian standpoint of Christianity and as a social reformer.departmental bulletin pape
Long-term Prognosis of stroke and Risk Factor for Death in a general Japanese population : The Hisayama Study
Get PDFP(論文)Background and Purpose: There have been relatively few population-based studies of long-termprognosis and risk factors for death after stroke. We evaluated the 10-year prognosisof stroke, causes of death and risk factors for death (only cerebral infarction group) in aJapanese rural community,Hisayama.Methods: The study cohort consisted of 333 patients with stroke (cerebral infarction (CI) in244, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in 60 and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 29), whooccurred among 1,621 Hisayama residents aged 40 years or older during the 26-year followupof a prospective study since 1961. To elucidate the risk factors for death in CI group, wecollected the data from the regular health checks within two years of onset. We set up thecontrol group which was consisted of free of stroke in our prospective study and attendanceat the health checks in 1973 or 1974.Results: Calculating age adjusted survival curves by Cox proportional-hazards analysis, CIgroup's curve declined gradually both men and women. In contrast, ICH and SAH group'scurve dropped radically in acute period. Any type of stroke group's mortality was higherthan the age-adjusted control group. Evaluating the causes of death by type, CI was mostfrequent and pneumonia and neoplasm were the next to CI in CI group. While, most ICHand SAH group died of original type of stroke, and neoplasm was most frequent in controlgroup. Multivariate analysis showed that age and low body mass index were significantly(p<0.05), and glucose intolerance was marginally (p<0.1) independent risk factors for death inCI group.Conclusion: To improve the long-term prognosis of stroke, the correction of glucose intolerancemay be important for CI group in chronic period, in addition to the cure in acute period.Because of the high mortality in acute period, the prevention of the occurrence may need forICH and SAH group.departmental bulletin pape