Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba: Portal del Periódicos Electrónicos do IFPB
Not a member yet
2215 research outputs found
Sort by
Análise das correlações entre a distribuição granulométrica e a permeabilidade de cinzas provenientes da incineração de resíduos sólidos perigosos
Get PDFThe research aimed to determine and correlate the granulometry with the permeability of ash from the incineration of hazardous solid waste. During two campaigns (September 2023 and June 2024), 96 kg of materials (ash and soil) were analyzed in the laboratory and fractionated in 07 sieves with mesh sizes ranging from 0.075 to 2.00 mm. The filler resulting from this sieving was also used in the tests. The order of magnitude (10x) showed that the permeability of the ash to both fluids (water and landfill leachate) was greater than the permeability of the soil, maintaining a relationship with the origin and physical and chemical characteristics of each material. It was observed that 41% of the ash permeability results had an order of magnitude of 10-2 cm/s while 50% of the soil permeability results were in the 10-6 cm/s range (much lower). The water permeability of both materials decreased with the reduction in granulometry, but this trend occurred with greater intensity in the 1st campaign (for ash) and 2nd campaign (for soil). This behavior was also observed in the permeability of the materials to the leachate, being stronger in the 2nd campaign (for the ash) and 1st campaign (for the soil). After 64 permeability tests with variable load, permeability was observed varying between the campaigns, between the materials and between the fluids, showing differences in the quality and hydraulic behavior of the soils and ashes over time. This is the first local research on the subject and the knowledge generated can help in the development of new materials, in performance analyses, and serve as a basis for future research. It can also contribute to the classification improvement of this type of waste, opening opportunities for its recovery and reuse, reducing its disposal in landfills.Este estudo determinou e analisou as correlações entre a distribuição granulométrica e a permeabilidade de cinzas geradas pela incineração de resíduos sólidos perigosos, com base em duas campanhas experimentais conduzidas em setembro de 2023 e junho de 2024. Um total de 96 kg de materiais (cinzas e solos) foram fracionados utilizando sete peneiras com malhas variando de 0,075 mm a 2,00 mm, incluindo o material de enchimento. Observou-se que a ordem de grandeza da permeabilidade das cinzas, para ambos os fluidos de teste (água e chorume de aterro), foi superior à dos solos. Esse comportamento é atribuído às características físicas intrínsecas das cinzas, como esfericidade, forma, textura, angularidade, porosidade, fissuras e fases mineralógicas. Aproximadamente 41% dos resultados de permeabilidade das cinzas situaram-se na ordem de 10⁻² cm/s, enquanto 50% dos resultados de permeabilidade do solo situaram-se na ordem de 10⁻⁶ cm/s, significativamente inferior. Após 64 ensaios de permeabilidade com carga variável, foram identificadas diferenças significativas na permeabilidade entre as campanhas, os materiais e os fluidos. Os resultados sugerem que as cinzas podem ser utilizadas como camadas intermediárias em aterros sanitários. Este é o primeiro estudo local a abordar este tema. O conhecimento gerado poderá subsidiar o desenvolvimento de novos materiais, contribuir para análises de desempenho e servir de base para futuras pesquisas. Além disso, os resultados poderão auxiliar na melhoria da classificação de resíduos perigosos, fomentando a sua reutilização e valorização, e reduzindo a sua disposição final em aterros. As análises granulométricas e de permeabilidade das cinzas abrem novas oportunidades de investigação e contribuem para uma melhor compreensão e previsão do comportamento hidráulico e ambiental deste tipo de resíduo
Enhancing the computational power of a general-purpose computer laboratory through a Beowulf cluster using OpenFOAM
Get PDFIn the context of education and research in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the high costs associated with software licenses, dedicated hardware, and cloud-based simulation services create significant barriers for smaller universities and emerging research groups. At the same time, general-purpose computer laboratories, often used for undergraduate teaching, tend to be underutilized, leading to inefficient use of institutional resources. This study assesses the viability and performance of a Beowulf-type cluster built with OpenFOAM to simulate a real-world engineering problem: steady-state, external, incompressible airflow over a motorcyclist in a wind tunnel. The cluster was assembled from sixty general-purpose desktop computers located in an undergraduate teaching laboratory. A speedup factor of 55 was achieved by combining the sixty machines, allowing simulations with a mesh of 64 million cells. RAM usage stayed below 1 GB per machine, making it feasible to share the infrastructure between research and regular classroom activities. The findings indicate that setting up a Beowulf cluster in such an environment can significantly increase computational capacity while reducing idle time and maximizing the return on institutional investment in computing resources
Bibliometric analysis of AZ31 alloy welding: trends in the use of the friction stir welding process
Get PDFThis study presents a bibliometric analysis of research related to lightweight alloys, particularly the AZ31 magnesium alloy, and the friction stir welding (FSW) process. A structured search using the keywords “Weld* AND AZ31*” was conducted in the Web of Science database. From the 1,681 retrieved articles, titles, keywords, and abstracts were analyzed to identify prevailing themes, commonly used terms, and emerging research trends. These trends were examined in the context of macroeconomic and socio-environmental factors, especially the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) agenda and the role of lightweight alloys in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Magnesium alloys such as AZ31 are employed to produce components with up to 30% less mass than equivalent aluminum parts, contributing to lower fuel consumption and emissions in transportation. The choice of materials must consider the interaction between material, function, process, and form. In this regard, FSW, a solid-state joining process that eliminates the need for filler materials and shielding gases, is particularly effective for joining AZ31 alloys, reducing manufacturing costs and welding defects commonly associated with fusion-based methods. The analysis indicates a growing academic interest in AZ31 alloys, driven by their low density and favorable mechanical properties. However, a notable gap remains regarding multi-pass FSW and the use of machine learning techniques to predict weld behavior. Terms like “double side” or “double pass” appear in only 0.47% of the dataset. In comparison, co-occurrences of “FSW” and “Machine Learning” are limited to 0.3%, featuring techniques such as deep neural networks, decision trees, XGBoost, and random forests. The most active research groups are based in countries with high production and consumption of magnesium alloys, including China, India, Japan, the United States, and Canada. Brazil, despite being a major magnesite producer, imports metallic magnesium, highlighting the need for national policies to support technological development. This study contributes by identifying research gaps and proposing future directions in sustainable welding and manufacturing.
Anthelmintic efficacy of Lippia alba essential oil against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of Lippia alba essential oil against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats, identify the helminth genera present, and perform a chemical characterization of the tested oil. Fecal samples were collected and quantified using the McMaster technique; samples with counts above 200 eggs per gram (EPG) were included in the experiment. The pooled positive sample showed an EPG of 2800. Quantitative coproculture was conducted with a negative control group (distilled water) and L. alba essential oil at concentrations of 10 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL, maintained at room temperature for 10 days. Subsequently, larvae were recovered, identified, and quantified. Treatment efficacy was assessed using the larval reduction formula. Concentrations of 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL were effective, achieving larval reductions of 79.5%, 87.8%, and 89.8%, respectively. The genera identified included Haemonchus sp. (56.8%), Trichostrongylus sp. (42.9%), and Oesophagostomum sp. (0.3%). Chemical composition of the oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with an advanced electron ionization source. Twenty-five compounds were identified, with E-citral (23.76%), Z-citral (20.46%), carvone (10.92%), and limonene (6.40%) being the most abundant. All tested concentrations of L. alba essential oil, except 10 mg/mL (29.7%), demonstrated anthelmintic potential by significantly reducing gastrointestinal nematode larvae in goats
Effects of reconstitution rate and hydration time on the yield of fresh cheese from reconstituted milk
Get PDFPowdered milk, due to its versatility, extended shelf life, and ease of transport, serves as a viable alternative for cheese production, especially in regions with limited access to fresh milk. However, the cheese yield from reconstituted milk may vary depending on factors such as the concentration of milk powder in the solution and the degree of casein hydration. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of reconstitution rate and hydration time of powdered milk on cheese yield. A 3 × 3 factorial design with three replicates per treatment was employed, testing reconstitution rates of 10%, 20%, and 30%, along with hydration times of 0, 1, and 2 hours. Cheeses were prepared by reconstituting whole milk powder in heated water, followed by the addition of calcium chloride and Ha-la® chymosin. The mixture was incubated at 37 °C for coagulation, then the curd was cut and stirred, concluding with hot-water syneresis and moulding. The resulting cheeses were evaluated based on yield parameters, including weight yield, adjusted yield, protein losses in whey, and protein retention in cheese. Results showed that higher concentrations of milk powder significantly increased yield, rising from 17.5% at 10% concentration to 22.6% at 30%, whereas hydration time had no notable effect. This may be due to the rapid solubilization of casein or the possibility that hydration periods longer than 2 hours are necessary to influence protein interactions. Protein retention in cheese improved from 58.4% to 78.5%, while protein losses in whey decreased from 41.6% to 21.5% with increasing concentration. Production costs remained consistent across treatments; however, the 30% concentration yielded more cheese per batch, thus enhancing the cost–benefit ratio for processors. These findings support the use of reconstituted milk for cheese production in areas where fresh milk is scarce, offering a practical and economical option for the dairy industry. In conclusion, increasing the concentration of milk powder in reconstituted milk enhances cheese yield, while hydration time does not significantly influence these parameters.Powdered milk, due to its versatility, extended shelf life, and ease of transport, serves as a viable alternative for cheese production, especially in regions with limited access to fresh milk. However, the cheese yield from reconstituted milk may vary depending on factors such as the concentration of milk powder in the solution and the degree of casein hydration. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of reconstitution rate and hydration time of powdered milk on cheese yield. A 3 × 3 factorial design with three replicates per treatment was employed, testing reconstitution rates of 10%, 20%, and 30%, along with hydration times of 0, 1, and 2 hours. Cheeses were prepared by reconstituting whole milk powder in heated water, followed by the addition of calcium chloride and Ha-la® chymosin. The mixture was incubated at 37 °C for coagulation, then the curd was cut and stirred, concluding with hot-water syneresis and moulding. The resulting cheeses were evaluated based on yield parameters, including weight yield, adjusted yield, protein losses in whey, and protein retention in cheese. Results showed that higher concentrations of milk powder significantly increased yield, rising from 17.5% at 10% concentration to 22.6% at 30%, whereas hydration time had no notable effect. This may be due to the rapid solubilization of casein or the possibility that hydration periods longer than 2 hours are necessary to influence protein interactions. Protein retention in cheese improved from 58.4% to 78.5%, while protein losses in whey decreased from 41.6% to 21.5% with increasing concentration. Production costs remained consistent across treatments; however, the 30% concentration yielded more cheese per batch, thus enhancing the cost–benefit ratio for processors. These findings support the use of reconstituted milk for cheese production in areas where fresh milk is scarce, offering a practical and economical option for the dairy industry. In conclusion, increasing the concentration of milk powder in reconstituted milk enhances cheese yield, while hydration time does not significantly influence these parameters
PROJETO PILOTO DE COLETA SELETIVA NO BAIRRO DO POÇO EM CABEDELO-PB
Get PDFA coleta seletiva é um dos instrumentos da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (Lei nº 12.305/2010) e sua efetiva implementação depende diretamente do compartilhamento das responsabilidades e da organização entre a sociedade, as associações de catadores de materiais recicláveis e o poder público. Nesse sentido, a Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente de Cabedelo (SEMAM), em parceria com o Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB) - Campus Cabedelo, dispondo de quatro alunos para estágio; a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Cabedelo (SESCAB), cedendo agentes comunitários de saúde que fazem a cobertura da área em questão; e a Cooperativa de Trabalho dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis de Cabedelo/PB (COOPERCORE), recrutando os agentes ambientais, também denominados de catadores, devidamente registrados, desenvolveram um Projeto Piloto de Coleta Seletiva no Bairro do Poço em Cabedelo-PB, como parte do Plano Municipal de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos de Cabedelo/PB – PMGIRS. As ações realizadas compreenderam reuniões de planejamento, elaboração/distribuição de cartilhas informativas, divulgação em escolas, visitas domiciliares, definição de roteiro e horários para implantação da coleta seletiva no bairro, execução e avaliação. O projeto foi executado entre julho de 2022 e outubro de 2023 e, considerando uma estimativa de 500 casas existentes no bairro do Poço, o projeto conseguiu visitar 497 casas (99,4% do total), e destas, 250 casas aderiram ao projeto, o que corresponde a 50% de domicílios do bairro com coleta seletiva implantada. Essa ação agregou um maior envolvimento da comunidade e dos catadores, estabelecendo uma relação de confiança, que gera o fortalecimento da cooperativa e o bom desempenho da coleta seletiva no bairro do Poço
ALIMENTANDO A ESPERANÇA NO SERTÃO: PROJETO, MONTAGEM E VALIDAÇÃO DE UM MOEDOR DE PALMA FORRAGEIRA
Get PDFThis study presents a sustainable solution to the challenges faced by small rural producers in the semi-arid region, especially during periods of drought. The work focuses on the development of an automated forage cactus grinder, designed as a promising tool to address drought challenges and ensure animal food security in the semi-arid region. The proposal was conceived as a practical and applied initiative, based on the valorization of forage cactus, a resource that is drought-resistant, highly nutritious, and easy to cultivate. The methodology used includes 3D modeling of the prototype, followed by the assembly and experimental testing of the machine. The proposed solution aims to combine functionality, low cost, and efficiency, allowing producers to use the cactus in an optimized way with less physical effort. The expected outcomes include increased productivity, improved animal nutrition, and the strengthening of the local economy. Furthermore, the social impact of the initiative seeks to transform the relationship between the inhabitants of the semi-arid region and the available resources, fostering a more harmonious coexistence with the semi-arid environment and contributing to the quality of life of rural communities.O presente estudo apresenta uma solução sustentável para os desafios enfrentados por pequenos produtores rurais do sertão, especialmente durante períodos de seca. O trabalho aborda o desenvolvimento de um moedor de palma forrageira, que se apresenta como uma ferramenta promissora para enfrentar os desafios da seca e garantir a segurança alimentar dos animais no sertão. A proposta foi concebida como uma iniciativa prática e aplicada, tendo como base a valorização da palma forrageira, um recurso resistente à seca e de alto valor nutricional e de fácil cultivo. A metodologia utilizada incluiu a modelagem 3D do protótipo, seguido pela montagem e testes experimentais da máquina. A solução proposta busca aliar funcionalidade, baixo custo e eficiência, permitindo que os produtores utilizem a palma de forma otimizada e com menos esforço físico. Os resultados experimentais incluem maior produtividade, melhor nutrição para os animais e fortalecimento da economia local. Além disso, o impacto social da iniciativa permite transformar a relação entre os sertanejos e os recursos disponíveis, promovendo uma convivência mais harmônica com o semiárido e contribuindo para a qualidade de vida das comunidades rurais
Relato de Experiência do Projeto Tecendo as Raízes Afrodiaspóricas no Campus Itaporanga
Get PDFThis article reports the experience of a project that aimed to promote racial literacy and Afro-diasporic representation through the study and appreciation of three significant cultural elements: afro braids, abayomi dolls and quilombos. The central objective was to provide an immersion in the universe of Afro-Brazilian culture, with a focus on strengthening racial identity and raising awareness about the legacy of the African diaspora. The methodology adopted involved three thematic cycles, structured in theoretical lectures followed by practical workshops, with the aim of offering a theoretical and experiential approach. The first cycle was dedicated to Afro braids, addressing their history and importance in racial identity. The second cycle discussed abayomi dolls, their symbolic role in resistance and strengthening black cultural identity and the third cycle focused on quilombos and the concept of digital quilombola, proposing reflections on the preservation of quilombola culture and new forms of resistance in the contemporary context. Throughout the three cycles, the positive feedback from participants highlighted the impact of the proposed approach, which not only reinforced the importance of Afro-diasporic culture, but also promoted the understanding of racial issues and the appreciation of symbols of resistance and identity.Este artigo relata a experiência de um projeto que visou promover o letramento racial e a representatividade afrodiaspórica por meio do estudo e valorização de três elementos culturais significativos: tranças afro, bonecas abayomi e quilombos. O objetivo central foi proporcionar uma imersão no universo da cultura afro-brasileira, com foco no fortalecimento da identidade racial e na conscientização sobre o legado da diáspora africana. A metodologia adotada envolveu a realização de três ciclos temáticos, estruturados em palestras teóricas seguidas de oficinas práticas, com o objetivo de oferecer uma abordagem teórica e vivencial. O primeiro ciclo foi dedicado às tranças afro, abordando sua história e importância na identidade racial. O segundo ciclo discutiu as bonecas abayomi, seu papel simbólico na resistência e no fortalecimento da identidade cultural negra e o terceiro ciclo focou nos quilombos e no conceito de aquilombamento digital, propondo reflexões sobre a preservação da cultura quilombola e as novas formas de resistência no contexto contemporâneo. Ao longo dos três ciclos, o retorno positivo dos participantes evidenciou o impacto da abordagem proposta, que não apenas reforçou a importância da cultura afrodiaspórica, mas também promoveu o entendimento das questões raciais e a valorização de símbolos de resistência e identidade
(RE)DISCUTINDO AS HERANÇAS AFRICANAS NO ALTO SERTÃO DA PARAÍBA : a I Semana de Africanidades do IFPB/Campus Sousa em diálogo com a comunidade
Get PDFA Educação para as Relações Etnicorraciais tem se mostrado um desafio no Brasil, especialmente em razão da não aplicabilidade da legislação antirracista. Faz-se necessário, portanto, (re)construir estratégias para se debater a implementação da lei e a promoção da educação antirracista, e os eventos institucionais que tratam da temática são uma importante ferramenta nesse processo. Objetivamos, nesse texto, fazer um relato de experiência acerta da realização da I Semana de Africanidades do IFPB/Campus Sousa, realizada entre os dias 3 e 5 de dezembro de 2024, cujo temática foi “(Re)discutindo as questões étnico-raciais no Sertão Paraibano”. Foram realizadas conferências, mesas redondas, oficinas, minicursos e apresentações culturais voltadas para a (re)discussão da temática escolhida, com vistas em despertar na comunidade acadêmica do IFPB/Campus Sousa e seu entorno a necessidade de visibilização e (re)habilitação das populações afro-brasileiras dos “Sertões” da Paraíba, de modo a garantir-lhes direitos à educação profissional de qualidade e à cidadania
