Iranian Journal of Health, Safety and Environment (IJHSE)
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A Thermal Energy Recovery System and its Applications in Building (A Short Comunication)
Get PDFIn this paper a heat recovery system from oil heater as a water heater is proposed and analyzed. The potential of heat recovery is studied technically and economically. A model was built and experiments on it are discussed. Recovery of waste heat from the oil heater stack and its application in building is proven to be economically beneficial. The most part of this apparatus was a double-walled tanks and oil heater stack act as firebox for water heater. This tank with 200 liters volume was made of galvanized iron sheets and painted with black color for adsorption of solar radiation. The tank of water heater was filled with 12-15○C water. Sampling was performed at 8 in the morning to 8 at night during one week. The analysis results show that the heat recovery system is recognized as a well option for the examined residential building from both economic and environmental points of view. With the operation considering optimal economic benefits, cost is reduced by about 50%. With maximizing the environmental advantages, CO2 emissions are decreased
Validation of Physiological Strain Index Based on Heart Rate in Experimental Hot Conditions
Get PDFHeat stress is a common problem in industrial workplaces. Thermal stress is a caused reduces concentration of and fatigue increases individuals and thermal condition can be one of accident risk factors .The purpose of this study was validation of Physiological Strain Index Based on Heart Rate in experimental condition.
This Semi experimental study was conducted to 16 male in five different temperature conditions (21, 24,27,30,35ºC) in the climate chamber and on the treadmill with two levels of activity 2.4 kph (light physical activity) and 4.8 kph (medium physical activity).Heart rate was measured to for calculating Physiological Strain Index Based on Heart Rate, rate perceived exertion and questionnaire Heat Strain Score index was measured. The correlations between the indices were evaluated using Pearson correlation test and regression analysis.
Pearson correlation test showed a significant correlation between Physiological Strain Index Based on Heart Rate and rate perceived exertion (p≤0.001,r=0.96).also a high correlation was observed between Physiological Strain Index Based on Heart Rate and wet bulb globe temperature (p≤0.001,r=0.90). A very high correlation was observed between Physiological Strain Index Based on Heart Rate and Heat Strain Score Index (p≤0.001, r=0.93).
The results of this study showed Physiological Strain Index Based on Heart Rate a suitable method for strain heart evaluation is caused by thermal stress because there was an acceptable correlation with heat stress valid indices
Occupational Stress in Development Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Embassy Personnel of Foreign Countries in Iran at 2015
Get PDFConcept of occupational stress and its relations with musculoskeletal disorders has been investigated for years. The present study was performed for determining the role of occupational stress in the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among embassy personnel of foreign countries in Iran.
Study population in the present cross sectional study was 200 embassy personnel of foreign countries in Tehran capital of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Study questionnaires (Nordic Questionnaire; The occupational stress scale) were distributed into participants and finally 161 questionnaires come back to the researchers (response rate: 80.5%).
One week and one year period prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints of included embassy personnel were 59.6% and 75.2% respectively. Mean of occupational stress in embassy personnel with musculoskeletal disorders in recent week and year were significantly higher than embassy personnel without musculoskeletal disorders. Smoking and occupational stress score were independent predictor of musculoskeletal disorders.
Occupational stress had an impact on development and persistence of WRMSDs among embassy personnel and next studies in this new field will suggest for more detecting actual causes of WRMSDs in these persons and other office workers
Fatal and Non-Fatal Work Related Injuries Among Workers of Iranian Aluminum and Copper Industries Between 2003 and 2011
Get PDFOne-third of globally, injuries to the adults in the world were related to workers and work situations. The aim of the present study was determining of work-related injuries rate among workers at two main metal industries (aluminum and Cooper industries) and independent predictors of fatal work-related injuries among them.
Present cross-sectional study was assessed fatal and not fatal work-related injuries among 11172 workers into two groups of Iranian metal industries between April 2003 and September 2011. Information was obtained from the electronic registry of work-related injuries to the health & environment office of Iranian Mines and mining Industries Development and Renovation Organization of the Iranian industrial ministry. Binary logistic regression was used for determining predictors of fatal work-related injuries.
During the study period, 55 workers of metal companies had been dyed and mortality rate among study workers was 1.7% and 3282 work-related injuries were reported. Mortality rate in study workers had significant association with injury location (P≤0.00), worker's age (P≤0.00) and not significant association with worker's shift (P≥0.44), educational level (P≥0.46), injury type (P≥0.65) and work experience (P≤0.07). In linear regression model analysis only age of workers was independent mortality predictors among study workers.
Based on our findings work-related injuries in mentioned industries in this study setting are high, and a comprehensive injury prevention program seems to be essential
Effect of Exposure to PM10 on Cardiovascular Diseases Hospitalizations in Ahvaz, Khorramabad and Ilam, Iran During 2014
Get PDFParticulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10μm (PM10) has the great adverse endpoints on human health. The aim of this study was to assess the hospital admissions (HA) due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) attributed to PM10 among people living in the cities of Ahvaz, Khorramabad and Ilam, during 2014. In this study, Air Quality Health Impact Assessment (AirQ2.2.3) software proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess of health impacts of atmospheric pollutants was used. To evaluate human exposure and health outcome of PM10, 24-hour data was taken from the Departments of Environment of Ahvaz, Khorramabad and Ilam. We acquired an input file for the software from raw data and quantified PM10 by the AirQ2.2.3 model. The annual averages in three study areas illustrated that PM10 concentration in Ahvaz and Ilam with values of 534.77 and 60.45μg/m3, were the highest and lowest in 2014, respectively. The number of excess cases for HA due to CVD in Ahvaz, Khorramabad, and Ilam was estimated 508, 144 and 66 persons, respectively. The most percentage of person-days was attributable to the concentration interval of 130-139µg/m3 of PM10, whereas this was for Khorramabad and Ilam 60-69 and 40-49µg/m3, respectively. The comparison of PM10 concentrations with NAAQS standard was revealed the annual average of particulate matter concentrations in Ahvaz was higher than standard. Therefore, the efforts should be conducted in the governmental scale to prevent pollution and reduce PM10 emission from various sources, such as transport and industries and also control dust entering the country by spreading mulch and development of green space
The Survey of Knowledge, Attitude and Performance Of Female Barbers in Relation to Job's Environmental Health: A Case Study of Malayer City
Get PDFHygiene disregarding and usage of contaminated tools leads to viral infections, fungal, bacterial and skin diseases, eczema, warts, tetanus and so on. Thus assessment of knowledge, attitudes and performance of barbers in order to ensure the security and public health is really necessary. This study is aimed at determining the knowledge, attitude and performance of female barbers in relation to job's environmental health in Malayer city. In present descriptive- analytical study, 75 female barbers sampling of Malayer city were selected by clusters – systematic method. The data were obtained through questionnaires for completion and checklist. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 statistical software. The result showed, 86.66% of people have attained correct awareness of regulations and 92.28% had positive attitude toward regulations and 86.38% of people in this study showed appropriate health practice. In order to, compare the average knowledge level in regard to parameters such as age, work experiences and income situation showed a statistically significant difference. In attitude and performance section, the difference between age and mentioned parameters was not statistically significant (P≥ 0.05). Despite the desirable level of knowledge, attitude and practice of barbers female in Malayer city, in order to improve the situation, to be better the presence of barbers in special guilds courses to train seriously
Evaluating Occupational Accidents and Their Indices In a Refining and Distributing Company of Petroleum Products of Mahshahr 2008-2010
Get PDFTechnological progress and oil industry development accompanies have a high rate of risk. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating occupational accidents and related indicators for decreasing the number of damages by offering control measures.
In this descriptive-analytical study, essential information was extracted from the records and agendas of the technical safety committee and the evaluation of accident frequency was done based on the accident type, the time and the location of its occurrence, environmental condition, root factors, and demographic variables of the injured. The relationship between repetition, severity, frequency of the accidents and marital status of the company’s personnel was also studied. Accident analysis was done by Chi square test .
The occurrence of about 102 accidents was reported in an incident evaluation, which was done between the years 2008 and 2010. The average age of the injured was 29.1± 8.61. Accidents and clashes were 31.4% of the accidents and falling from height 21.6% of them. Many of the accidents occurred in plumbing activities (24.5%), tank construction (23.5%), and civil operations (15.7%). 47% of the accidents happened in 2009, 43% in 2010, and 10% in 2008. Occurrence rate of accidents was 48.1 and their intensity rate equaled 0.15 for one million working hours. The relationship of accident type and marital status was a meaningful relationship based on Chi-square test (P = 0.014); this test showed the relationship of accident type and its reasons a significant one as well. (P = 0.035)
Considering the calculated coefficients and evaluated factors in this study, safety training, constant inquiring of sub-activities, inserting safety and HSE provisions and guidelines to the contractors’ contracts and monitoring their application would be effective in decreasing the number accidents.
Assessment of Female Student’s Satisfaction with the Quality of Food And Environmental Health at Food Services in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2013
Get PDFensure students are satisfied with the quantity and quality of food as well as hygienic condition in the university’s food services. For this reason, the present study was conducted to investigate female student’s satisfaction with the quality of food and environmental health at food services in Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
A number of one hundred of female students, studying at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, were randomly selected. All the selected students were proved to be customers of food services located in one the Medicine, Public Health, Pharmacy, paramedical Sciences, Dentistry, Rehabilitation and Nursing schools. A questioner was prepared as a tool for data collection and its validity and reliability was determined. Afterwards, data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 23).
Results showed that 22% of female students expressed their satisfaction with the quantity of food as “excellent” and 47% as “moderate”. 28% of students rated the food diversity as “moderate” ok”. Seven percent of students reported at least on a case of food poisoning caused by the consumption of food at the university. On average, the overwhelming majority of students expressed their satisfaction as “good” or “medium” with environmental health in at food services in the university, respectively. All the students were aware of the importance of the presence of insects and animals outside the food services and 95%of students reported the presence of insects like beetle, housefly and mosquito and animals like cats, outside the food services. It was concluded that the majority of female students were satisfied with the quantity of food and ranked the quality of food as “medium”.
However, they reported some problems regarding hygienic condition inside and outside the dining services and personal health of staff and stated that more attention should be paid by responsible authorities of the university. The student views can be used by these authorities to improve the quality and quantity of food and hygienic condition at food services in Universities
Investigating the possibility of Microbial Production of Mannitol from Waste Bread
Get PDFAccording to the significant role of sugar alcohols (Polyols) in food industries, in the present study the possibility of microbial production of mannitol from bread waste was studied.
Microbial growth and amylase production were investigated by five Iranian native strains of Bacillus spp in starch agar and broth. The best strain was selected, and its growth curve was determined. Leuconostoc mesentroides PTCC 1059 was used as a control strain to convert fructose to mannitol. In order to determine the ability of selected strains in converting waste breads into mannitol sugar, a culture medium was prepared from waste of Lavash and Baguette breads. Afterward, the ability to convert starch into fructose by Chemical analysis glucose test was used, and then bio-conversion analysis of fructose to mannitol by HPLC analysis was investigated.
HPLC results showed that the Bacillus subtilis and Leuconostoc mesentroides PTCC 1059 had the ability of producing mannitol at a rate of 4.8g/L from fructose 5%, 0.15 g/L from Lavash bread 5%, and 0.2g/L from Baguette bread
The Effect of H2O2 Interference in Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal During Advanced Oxidation Processes
Get PDFHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the most oxidants in AOPs. By H2O2 dissociation, hydroxyl radical with a standard oxidation potential of 2.7 is produced. It is reported H2O¬ residual in AOPs has been led to interference in chemical oxygen demand (COD) test and it is able to hinder biological treatment of waste water. Because of high mixed organic load of solid waste leachate, this study investigated effect of H2O2 interference in COD removal from solid waste leachate.
In this study effect of parameters such as pH (3,5,7,12), H2O2 dose (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 mol l-1), and time reaction(10,20,30,40,50,60 min) evaluated on H2O2 interference in COD removal from solid waste leachate.
Optimum pH and concentration were 3 and 0.02 moll-1 respectively. With increasing reaction time, COD removal was increased. The false COD obtained between 0.49mg per 1mg of H2O2. The average of COD removal by H2O2 for 60 min was 6.57%. Also reaction rate of this process was 0.0029 min-1.
The presence of H2O2 leads to overestimation of COD values after reaction time because it consumes the oxidation agent. The extent of H2O2 interference in COD analysis was proportional to the remaining H2O2 concentration at the moment of sampling