Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Series of Agrarian Sciences / Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наук
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Series of Agrarian Sciences / Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукNot a member yet
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МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ РЕГУЛИРУЕМЫХ ФАКТОРОВ СРЕДЫ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР
Get PDFПОЛУЧЕНИЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНОГО ЗЕРНОВОГО ПРОДУКТА НА ОСНОВЕ СМЕСЕЙ ПРОРОЩЕННОГО ЗЕРНА ПШЕНИЦЫ И ОВСА ГОЛОЗЕРНОГО
Get PDFThe most popular grain crop among consumers is wheat and products based on wheat, and the most useful and good for health are the oats processed products. Sprouting of grains – is one of innovative ways to improve their biological value. The aim of research – to obtain a new grain product based on mixes of sprouted wheat and hulless oat. The analysis of grain quality and processing products was carried out by conventional methods. Physical and chemical parameters of quality, chemical composition and seed properties of high-quality hulless oat grain and food wheat grain were determined. Correspondence of the raw materials to requirements of TU 700 036 606.104–2013 “Cereals grain for sprouting” was confirmed. Evaluation of vitamins and amino acids levels in the grain raw materials was carried out. The process of wheat and hulless oats mixture sprouting in different ratios was studied. The perfect variants of wheat and hulless oats mixture sprouting are obtained. It was determined that with the increase of hulless oat content in the grain mixture, the total sprouting time decreases due to reduction of time for air-water breaks. Pilot tests for producing oat-wheat mixture of sprouted grains were performed. Its compliance with the requirements for quality and food safety was determined, and also high nutritional advantages were determined:presence of dietary fiber, high level of vitamin and mineral complex and amino acids. The developed technology will allow to widen the assortment of functional purpose food products
СИСТЕМНАЯ ОЦЕНКА НАУЧНО-МЕТОДЧЕСКИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ПО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМУ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЮ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ
Get PDFOne of the priority aims of the world community is food security. Analysis of global problems shows the long-term persistence of shortage in agricultural raw materials and food, exacerbated by unfavorable situation in the world market, the impact of globalization, political, social, economic and military crises. Reserves for increasing agricultural production are limited, and further intensification leads to decrease in quality and threats environmental safety. It becomes increasingly difficult for the agrarian food systems of countries and regions to provide population with sufficient quantities of safe and nutrition valuable food products, which is the reason for the large amount of various forms of malnutrition. The article presents assessment of research and methodological materials of economic regulation of food security. The most important for the practice of Belarus mechanisms, forms and tools for ensuring food security, used in developed countries are established. Classification of criteria and indicators of food security has been performed by a number of traits: the unity of definition, the simplicity of calculation, availability of the initial information in official statistics, etc. The main criteria have been highlighted, as well additional indicators have been formulated. A model of food safety regulation is developed based on comprehensive assessment of five spheres of management: the sphere of production of initial agricultural products; the sphere of production of finished food; the sphere of state management of agro-food complex; the sphere of material and technical (resource) support of agro-industrial complex; the sphere of market products turnover and consumption. The following measures for sustainable food security are identified as key measures: implementation of research and technological progress achievements, transfer of innovations and development of the national agrarian science
АНАЛИЗ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УРОВНЯ ПРОЦЕССОВ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА МОЛОКА
Get PDFThe Republic of Belarus takes the 4th place in the world in production of milk per capita and occupies leading positions in development of dairy industry. However, despite the relatively high quantitative results, the national dairy industry is char-acterized by high level of expenses and relatively low performance. In this regard, to improve the profitability and hence the competitiveness of dairy products in the world market, it is required to reduce the unit costs and to take the national dairy industry to a new level of quality. Based on the analysis of trends in the dairy industry and new scientific knowledge on the biosynthesis of milk, the paper describes conceptual approach for development of physiologically sparing process of cows machine milking and the corresponding technological equipment for its implementation. A generalized indicator was proposed – the level of unit costs, allowing to assess the efficiency of milk production and evaluate the scientific and technical level of the production processes. It is shown that even with no changes of the overall energy consumption for all the milk production processes and machine milking, and only due to milking process improvement, the level of unit costs can be reduced by over 3 times. The analysis allowed to formulate the basic directions of modernization of milk production processes, deriving from minimization of unit costs level, and which are relevant for dairy farming in any country of the world, as soon as they are objective
СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ПОНЯТИЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬЮ
Get PDFA retrospective analysis of different stages of state of foodstuff problems in the territory of the modern Belarus is performed in the paper, showing that the food security problems were completely solved only in the recent decade. The entire prior period the agriculture was subjected to various “administrative experiments” and was a donor of food resources for development of other sectors of the national economy. Nowadays the only legal instrument that legitimizes the term “food security” and reveals its urgency is the Concept of the national food security of the Republic of Belarus. In this regard it is necessary to develop a regulatory and legal framework taking into consideration the concept, strategy, doctrine and program of food security, as well as the laws of the Republic of Belarus (“On Food Security”, “On Food Safety”, “On Agro-Industrial Complex Development”), as soon as the food security system should be determined by the laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Republic of Belarus, decisions of the Security Council of the Republic of Belarus, and based on the above the Government should develop and implement the target foodstuff programs and determine the measures toensure implementation of these programs. The results of the analysis show that food security problem still has not strict definitions and established tools for expression. In this regard definitions, formulations and interpretations of food security are analyzed, contained in the writings of scholars, researchers and specialists in this field. Based on the results of the analysis, the definition of food security is shaped as a target management subject
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ И ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ЛЬНА-ДОЛГУНЦА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БЕЛАРУСЬ
Get PDFFiber flax is of a great economic importance for the national economy of Belarus. Analysis of the world market situation for natural fibers shows that flax farming remains a profitable industry of the modern agriculture and does not depend on the model and level of economic development of the flax seeding country. There is a steady increase in the Republic of Belarus in the volume of linen fabrics consumption, produced from high numbers of linen yarns. A large volume of the Belarusian flax is exported as raw material and semi-finished products to countries processing the Belarusian low-quality products and ensuring the competitiveness of their finished linen products due to the low purchase price in our country. It is possible to obtain high quality flax products and ensure its cost-effective sales by all the levels of flax farming industry in the market conditions in domestic and foreign markets only by taking flax farming to a modern technological level by re-equipment and improvement of production conditions. Currently a new concept has been formed in production and use of natural fibers, including flax. The article shows values and aspects of fiber flax domestic varieties in order to have stable production increase of high quality flax straw and flax fiber. Estimation and aspects for improvement of these values is given by using the latest flax cultivation techniques, allowing to increase fiber flax production without increasing the production areas
КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ДИСКОВЫХ СОШНИКОВ ПО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ И КОНСТРУКТИВНЫМ ПАРАМЕТРАМ
Get PDFWhen cultivating agricultural crops, pre-sowing tillage and sowing are of primary importance. The quality of these operations is determined by the choice of technological means and technical condition, adjustment and alignment, as well as compliance with all the agrotechnical requirements. Nowadays foreign and local seeding machines are often equipped with disc combined coulters. These units allow to combine operations of soil preparation, intrasoil application of initial dose of phosphorus fertilizers and sowing of agricultural crops. This article presents structural and morphological classification of coulters in 2 basic, 12 constructive and 6 engineering features. Application of this classification table is presented for description of purpose and characteristics of sowing operating units, as well as formation of digital indication record for them. The possibility of reproducing digital information about seeding operating unit in the form of variety of its characteristics is considered under specific examples of the existing combined disc coulters. The advantage of this classification table in comparison with the available ones is that its structure and form allow to easily supplement the features characterizing the studied operating unit without changing the algorithm for digital code generation. The proposed classification of combined disc coulters will contribute to a deeper solution of problems of synthesis and analysis of these operating units, will allow to use the digital coding to describe the entire diversity of features thereof
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ НИЗКОПРОТЕИНОВЫХ РАЦИОНОВ ПРИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ И ОТКОРМЕ МОЛОДНЯКА СВИНЕЙ
Get PDFThe selection and breeding work aimed on improvement of meat traits of reared breeds and types of pig at farms of the republic does not always give the desired results and is delayed for years quite often. The reason for this phenomenon, in our opinion, is inadequate meeting of the requirements of selected animals for energy and amino acids taking part in synthesis of meat. The objective is to find the perfect combination of essential amino acids and energy in the diets, ensuring the maximum utilization for synthesis of meat in the body of animals. This task is complicated by the fact that the amino acid composition of animals’ body of different genotypes vary, and consequently, the amount of amino acids that they should receive in the diet is also different, i.e. the content of the so-called “ideal protein” for each genotype is to be individual. The aim of the study – is to establish the possibility of reducing of the crude protein level in diets for young pigs based on physiologically substantiated optimization of the amount of consumed essential and nonessential amino acids. The experiments confirmed the possibility of reducing the crude protein level in the diets for young pigs due to control of consumed essential amino acids and their correlation with metabolizable energy. For piglets at growing in 1 kg of compound feed per 1 MJ of metabolizable energy 0.85 g oflysine is required, during the I fattening period – 0.73 g, during the II period – 0.62 g. The amount of remaining (including available) essential amino acids is controlled with respect to lysine: methionine with cystine – 60 %, threonine – 66 % and tryptophan – 19 %. This model for control of metabolizable energy and essential amino acids allows to reduce the level of crude protein in compound feeds by up to 10 % at increase of average daily weight gain at growing by 24 g (P k 0.05), during the I fattening period – by 29 g, and during the II period – by 11 g