Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Series of Agrarian Sciences / Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наук
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Series of Agrarian Sciences / Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукNot a member yet
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РЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ТЕЧЕНИЯ МАКАРОННОГО ТЕСТА В КАНАЛАХ МАТРИЦЫ СТУПЕНЧАТО-ПЕРЕМЕННОГО СЕЧЕНИЯ
Get PDFNowadays the non-uniform formation speed of macaroni products by the matrix cross section is an unsolved problem in both domestic and foreign practice. The matrix construction is one of determining factors having effect on the engineering and economic indicators of the press operation. The matrix consists of a cylindrical body with wells located on concentric circles, liners installed in the wells, with through formation openings grouped in nests, and nowadays the matrices with different heights of forming openings of step and variable section are most widely used in the industry. The article proposes a new rheological model for establishing interaction between the plastic and viscous component of the total flow resistance for macaroni batter in the channel of step and variable section. The method for determining the minimum forming pressure required to overcome the shear yield point (ultimate shearing resistance) of macaroni batter, located in the channels of circular, ring, rectangular and arbitrary cross-section) is proposed. It is shown that contribution of component in total flow resistance dominates due to viscous shearing at flow. The method of approximate estimation of speed and force parameters of macaroni batter flow in the channels of step and variable section using the Bingham model is proposed. The formulae for determining the geometric characteristics of the channels of step and variable section are presented, allowing to align the batter pressing speed over the entire working surface of the matrix. The research results can be used for designing forming equipment, as well as for developing methods of calculation of macaroni batter formation processes
АГРОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ КИСЛОРОДНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ ПАХОТНЫХ ПОЧВ В УСЛОВИЯХ АТМОСФЕРНОГО УВЛАЖНЕНИЯ
Get PDFМЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫМ РИСКОМ В РАСТЕНИЕВОДЧЕСКОЙ ОТРАСЛИ АПК БЕЛАРУСИ
Get PDFThe most traumatic sector in agricultural production is plant-growing. At the same time, the majority of cases of industrial injuries are associated with the performance of work on technological adjustment of agricultural machinery and failure prevention and maintenance. The purpose of the work is development of scientific and methodological support for assessment and management of production risk to improve safety of works in plant-growing sector of AIC in Belarus. The methods of industrial risk assessment in plant-growing sector of the AIC are proposed, which allow to predict risk of injury to the operator of mobile agricultural machinery and take into account adaptability of technical means to performance of technological process and adjustments in conditions of changing parameters of production environment, and also to determine both qualitative and quantitative assessments of vocational training of an operator, traumatic hazard of the technical means when maintaining it, as well as working conditions. Algorithms and software have been developed allowing to predict industrial risk level and to determine the occupational safety indicators of mobile agricultural machinery operator. The results of the research are recommended for agricultural enterprises for development of measures to improve occupational safety management system in terms of planning actions aimed on reduction of unacceptable level of industrial risk during agricultural crops cultivation
ВКЛАД ИНСТИТУТА СИСТЕМНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В АПК НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК БЕЛАРУСИ В РАЗВИТИЕ АГРАРНОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ
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СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СЕРВИСА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ И ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Get PDFThe agro-service field is designed to provide various services to agricultural enterprises in the field of technical and technological support, maintenance of agriculture and livestock systems, and allows to create new conditions for establishment ofnecessary rhythmicity and science of agricultural production, as well as raising its organization and functioning efficiency. The most important part of the system of agro-service is technical maintenance of machinery and equipment, and its improvement nowadays is an urgent task for raising efficiency of both agricultural and agro-service enterprises, and entire AIC in the Republic of Belarus. In this regard, a key role in increasing the level of technical equipment of agriculture should be given to the further development and establishment of a highly efficient branded maintenance of agricultural consumers, including presale inspection under the normative and technical documentation and sale of agricultural equipment, warranty and post-warranty maintenance of production means during the entire operation period. In the area of maintenance and repair it is reasonable to develop priority directions for improvement of agricultural service system, in particular, it is necessary to consider the number of dealer service centers of manufacturers of agricultural machinery, as a formal increase of the number of such centers with no analysis of economic situation may lead to financial insolvency of individual technical centers, cessation of activities and, as a consequence, inefficiency of the entire service network. In addition, it is necessary to raise responsibility of these centers to agricultural producers via contracts for warranty and post-warranty maintenance
ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ГЕНА RYR1, АСОЦИАЦИЯ И ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ГЕНА ESR С РЕПРОДУКТИВНЫМИ КАЧЕСТВАМИ ГИБРИДНЫХ СВИНЕЙ
Get PDFPolymorphism of RYR1 gene was studied – ryanodine receptor gene (eng. Ryanodine Receptor 1), which mutation leads to the development of swine stress syndrome, and ESR gene – estrogen receptor gene (eng. Estrogen Receptor), having effect on reproductive traits, in population of hybrid sows of Belarusian Large White Belarusian Meat (BLW BM), Belarusian Large White Yorkshire (BLW Y) and Landrace Yorkshire (L Y) when crossed with boars of Duroc (D) breed and hybrid boars of Duroc Pietrain (D P) of German selection. All the tested groups of pigs are monomorphic by RYR1 gene, which indicates absence of species susceptible to malignant hyperthermia in the studied population. By ESR gene, for animals of (BLW BM) D and (L Y) (D P) two genotypes were determined: ESRAA and ESRAB; and correlation of (BLW BM) (D P) and (BLW Y) (D P) showed all the three genotypes. Also the effect of ESR gene polymorphism on the number of reproductive traits of sows was studied. Positive effect of ESRB allele was determined with animals of correlations (BLW BM) (D P) and (BLW Y) (D P) on such traits as multiple pregnancy, milkiness, litter weight and piglets weight at weaning in 35 days. However, in the groups of animals not having species of ESRBB genotype, this trend is not traced clearly. The obtained results can be used for implementation in practical breeding by marker genes that will allow to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of desirable and undesirable alleles and conduct further purposeful selection, which will enhance the resistance of animals to stress and increase their performance.
СТРАТЕГИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ОСЕТРОВОДСТВА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БЕЛАРУСЬ
Get PDFOne of the most important ways for intensification of production nowadays is transition to new particularly valuable species of fish. Taking into account the ongoing demand for sturgeon products (caviar and meat), aquaculture is practically the only direction allowing to satisfy the market demands for these products. At the same time, each of the producer countries sets certain priorities for which the species structure of reared sturgeon species is being determined, various technologies are applied and corresponding market preferences are formed. The paper presents the main provisions of unified strategy for development of sturgeon breeding in the Republic of Belarus, developed on the basis of modern world knowledge and achievements of Belarusian scientists. The main narrow-profile technological features are described for such fields as caviar sturgeon breeding, meat sturgeon breeding, artificial reproduction and restoration of natural populations. It is shown that at the modern stage two lines are traced – obtaining sturgeon caviar and as a method of compensating the missing fishing resources and growing material for replenishment of natural resources, other directions are of adjacent character and complement the designated ones. Operating fishing enterprises related to sturgeon breeding are analyzed. The main tasks are defined, the main provisions of sturgeon breeding development strategy in the Republic of Belarus are proposed taking into account the current state of production capacity. The proposed strategy for sturgeon breeding development can serve as the basis for implementing measures on practical development of the industry.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ПОЛНОЦЕННЫХ КОМБИКОРМОВ ДЛЯ РЫБ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БЕЛАРУСЬ
Get PDFDevelopment of aquaculture in recent decades demonstrates rapid growth. In a number of countries the volume of bred fish already exceeds the volume of caught fish from natural reservoirs. In this regard there is a need to develop efficient feed products, as well as develop technologies for fish feed production. In the Republic of Belarus, the formulations and technologies are already developed for production of feeds for carp of different ages, young salmon and sturgeon fish, as well as requirement specifications for these feeds. At present, developments are in progress for therapeutic and preventive compound feeds against bacterial infections of carp fish, researches and development of new raw materials components. The further development of the fish industry of the republic depends on high-quality and biologically complete compound feeds. The article considers peculiarities of freshwater fish feeding. The main directions of research in the field of development and improvement of compound feeds for fish are outlined, the main of which are the development of new types of modern raw materials and improvement of production technology thereof. Recommendations are proposed for development of waste free technologies for processing raw food products with obtaining high-tech feed products of domestic production, namely fry compound feeds by microgranulation and microextruding methods, which will allow to reduce the country’s dependence on imported compound feeds