Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Series of Agrarian Sciences / Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наук
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Series of Agrarian Sciences / Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукNot a member yet
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ПАРАЗИТОЦЕНОЗЫ ОХОТНИЧЬИХ ЖИВОТНЫХ В ОХОТНИЧЬИХ УГОДЬЯХ И ОХРАННЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ БЕЛАРУСИ
Get PDFParasitic diseases cause significant damage to hunting animals, therefore, in all countries, including Belarus, they are given special attention when studying and developing means and methods for preventing and fighting them, especially against the background of increasing anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems and pollution of territories with chemicals and radionuclides. The aim of the work is to study species composition and association of hunting animals parasites in hunting areas and protected areas of Belarus, their nosogeography and habitat, intermediate hosts, development of prevention and control measures. The methodology is based on integrated approach to study of parasite cenosis of mammals, which takes into account the relationships in the “parasite-host” system, and effect of abiotic and biotic factors on these processes. Years of studies (2000–2016) showed that helminths are mostly spread among the parasites affecting hunting animals in Belarus: in roe deer 40 species of helminthes are registered, moose – 36, noble deer – 35, wild boar – 20. On the territory of the Berezinsky biospheric conservancy combined parasite cenosis are determined: helminths, protozoa, ectoparasites, microorganisms, etc., the wild animals and large predators were 93.2–100% affected with. Intermediate hosts of helminths were determined to be 20 species of freshwater, mollusks, 20 ants, 32 arboid mites, 10 earthworms, as well as beetles, fleas and freshwater invertebrates. Factors influencing the parasitological situation are described, recommendations for prevention of parasitosis among hunting animals of Belarus are given
РАЗРАБОТКА УСТОЧИВЫХ К ОКИСЛЕНИЮ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ ДОБАВОК К ПИЩЕ НА ОСНОВЕ ЛЬНЯНОГО МАСЛА
Get PDFThe effects of a number of vitamins and other biologically active substances (BAS) (α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol acetate, cholecalciferol, β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, coenzyme Q10 and selenomethionine) on oxidation stability of flaxseed oil depending on concentration and compositions of the supplements were studied. For this purpose kinetic regularities data on accumulation of primary and secondary oxidation products, free fatty acids and BAS consumption during storage of flaxseed oil with additives was obtained. It has been shown that substances used to enrich the flaxseed oil, can show both antioxidant and prooxidant properties depending on their structure and concentration. The combined effect of the BAS and a number of synthetic and natural inhibitors on the oxidation stability of flaxseed oil for providing antioxidant protection of enriched oil was studied. Efficient and safe stabilizers for the BAS-enriched flaxseed oil were obtained, allowing to significantly inhibit the oxidation and oxidative degradation, reduce the BAS loss and therefore increase the oil shelf life. Based on the obtained data, formulations and production technologies of new oxidation-resistant biologically active food supplements (BAFS) based on flaxseed oil were developed, and manufacture of the supplements was arranged. This will allow to expand the assortment of available for a wide range of consumers products based on flaxseed oil; will improve the nutrition quality due to increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) omega-3 level, vitamins and other valuable bioactive substances, and will contribute to health improvement of the population in Belarus
ГИДРОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В ПИЩЕВОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ
Get PDFDevelopment of food industry in the Republic of Belarus is aimed at a whole new organizational level of production and implementation of technologies ensuring competitiveness of domestic food products. The following factors of innovative development of food industry shall be considered as the main one: creation and wide dissemination of new technologies, equipment, modern ways of production arrangement, as well as ensuring appropriate professional level and qualification of engineering and technical personnel. In all the branches of food industry hydrodynamic processes are used, and therefore issues relating study and improvement of such processes are relevant and perspective. The article presents results of theoretical and experimental researches of various hydrodynamic processes in food industry, taking into account the effect of structural and mechanical properties of the treated media. The calculated dependences for determination of local hydraulic resistances in various elements of pipeline systems, resistance along the hydraulic impact length, etc. are presented. The obtained results can be applied for development of energy efficient equipment for food production, and also for optimization of such technological processes as heat exchange, dosing, transportation, mixing, etc.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ФЕНОТИПИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ КОЛОРАДСКОГО ЖУКА (LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA SAY) В УСЛОВИЯХ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СТРЕССОВ
Get PDFЛЬГОТНОЕ КРЕДИТОВАНИЕ КАК МЕРА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ АПК БЕЛАРУСИ В РАМКАХ ЕАЭС И ВТО
Get PDFOne of the main directions of international economic integration is equal conditions for development of market relations based on healthy competition. The most important condition for development of integration processes is close approach of AIC support mechanisms. It requires member countries to undertake obligations to fix and reduce support measures that have a distorting effect on trade, which in turn requires development of effective approaches for its reduction. In this regard, development of approaches to increase efficiency of state participation in the loan mechanism for agrarian sector based on study of world experience becomes particular relevant. The article presents the results of studying the current loan system for AIC in Belarus, analysis of applicable legislation in the field of easy-term loan in agriculture, amount of loans and rates taking into account the results of economic activity, allowed to identify the main problems in this field and causes thereof. It was determined that low efficiency, as well as a constant loan debt growth reduces the solvency of agricultural organizations and does not allow to completely use the opportunities provided by the loan market of Belarus. Directions of development of loan system are substantiated with the use of budgetary funds in conditions of international economic integration. The proposed approaches will allow to reduce budget expenditures and newly attracted investment loans in agriculture, and increase their efficiency. The novelty of the proposed approaches is in the fact that the risks of the project’s implementation efficiency at the initial stage are borne by the producers themselves, which will help to avoid inefficient application of budget funds and increase responsibility of the companies
ВЛИЯНИЕ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ УДОБРЕНИЙ НА ГУМУСНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ДЕРНОВО- ПОДЗОЛИСТОЙ СУПЕСЧАНОЙ ПОЧВЫ
Get PDFUnder the effect of various types of anthropogenic load, the number of external positive and negative factors affecting the formation and functioning of humus system of soils is increasing. So it is necessary to find indicators of humus state of soils reflecting their genetic and agronomic features. The action of different types of organic fertilizers on the humus condition of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in field experiment is evaluated according to the results of analysis of soil samples taken a year after fertilizer application. The most positive influence on qualitative humus composition had litter manure and compost based on peat, lignin, pulp, defecate, straw and semi-liquid manure. The humification degree of organic matter increased from 26.3 to 32.5–34.6 % with the relations expansion СHA/СFA from 0.82 to 0.92–0.99. The indicator of intensity of the humification process on the stage of the tumor humic acids СHA-1/СFA-1 increased from 0.79 to 0.94–1.08, at the stage of polymerization and the complexity of humic structures (СHA-2/СFA-2) – from 0.71 to 0.81–0.83, indicating the gain characteristic of humate of humus. Humus degradation changes evidence had found in the variants of vermicompost, liquid cattle manure and effluent input. HA-2 equity participation in the humic acids total amount declined to 9–14 % with the СHA-2/СFA-2 decrease rate to 0.24–0.58.
ОБОСНОВАНИЕ МАШИНЫ С УПРУГО-ЛОПАСТНЫМ РОТОРОМ ДЛЯ МЕХАНИЧЕСКОГО СБОРА КОЛОРАДСКОГО ЖУКА
Get PDFPotato is the main food product in diet of many people around the world and takes the second place after rice in terms of the global spread. However, the high yields of potatoes are largely affected by pests - Colorado beetles. Colorado beetle control is one of the decisive factors for achieving high yield of potatoes. The widely used chemical method is not suitable for obtaining ecologically clean potatoes. in this case a timely and high-quality collection of the beetle from the tops of potatoes is required, but there are no machines manufactured for these purposes in our country. The use of special equipment for collection of Colorado beetle will make it possible to obtain ecologically clean potatoes and is economically and energetically justified at the present stage of development of agricultural production. The technological scheme of the machine as a part of combined unit for collecting Colorado beetle and inter-row potato cultivation ensuring production of potatoes without chemical protection is proposed. The main design parameters of the machine are theoretically and experimentally substantiated. Based on the research results, experimental unit was assembled for collecting Colorado beetle and potato hilling, it was tested and evaluated in the field.
ИОСИФ МИХАЙЛОВИЧ БОГДЕВИЧ (К 80-летию со дня рождения)
Get PDFIosif Mikhailovich Bogdevich (To the 80th Anniversary of Birthday).Иосиф Михайлович Богдевич (К 80-летию со дня рождения)