Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Series of Agrarian Sciences / Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наук
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Series of Agrarian Sciences / Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукNot a member yet
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СТАЦИОНАРНОМУ ОПЫТУ ПО СЕВООБОРОТАМ 40 ЛЕТ: ОСНОВОПОЛАГАЮЩИЕ РАЗРАБОТКИ ДЛЯ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛЬЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ И ПРАКТИКИ БЕЛАРУСИ
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УСТОЙЧИВОЕ ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ И ЕГО ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ КАК ФАКТОРЫ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ АПК
Get PDFRaising of economic efficiency and sustainability of the national agroindustrial production in conditions of fast development of science, machinery and technology, high market competition, and integration processes expansion is largely conditioned by development activation, implementation and investment support of innovations. Enough attention is paid to the issues of sustainability, innovative development and investment activity in modern economic literature. At the same time, the problem of investment support for sustainable innovative development of agroindustrial complex is still studied poorly, which makes scientific research in this field relevant. Based on brief retrospective analysis, an improved understanding of the sustainable development of the agroindustrial complex, as well as in the context of its components, is proposed in the paper. It is shown that the basis for sustainable agroindustrial complex development in modern conditions is the increase of innovative activity at all the management levels. As a result of the study, a list of the main regulatory and legal acts regulating the issues of innovation activity and the privileges and incentives established by them for business entities, including agrarian ones, were systematized. The main problems preventing activation of innovative development of agroindustrial production are listed. In order to solve these problems the authors within the research framework developed a concept of investment support for sustainable innovative development of the agrarian sector, which includes eight interrelated consecutive blocks. Implementation of the proposed concept will contribute to more complete involvement of potential financing sources and their effective use in the investment activities, thereby ensuring competitiveness of the national agroindustrial complex and its sustainable development, considering interests of the current and future generations.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПОЛЕВЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ДРАЖИРОВАННЫХ СЕМЯН ГРЕЧИХИ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИМИ УДОБРЕНИЯМИ НА ОСНОВЕ ГУМИНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ С ОБОСНОВАНИЕМ КОНСТРУКТИВНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПАРМЕТРОВ ЦЕНТРОБЕЖНОГО ДРАЖИРАТОРА С ЛОПАСТНЫМ ОТРАЖАТЕЛЕМ
Get PDFOne can obtain high yields of crops only when seeds with high varietal and sowing qualities are used for sowing. Various methods of presowing processing are used to improve the seed quality. Presowing seed treatment not only improves germination, but also eliminates seeds from pathogens, significantly increases their viability and improves young crops yield. One of the most promising ways of presowing treatment of small and irregular shape seeds is pelleting. This method helps to increase the seeds size and acquire a spherical shape, which greatly simplifies their sowing and allows to accurately observe the seeding rate. The paper presents design of a centrifugal pelleter with blade reflector, the results of studying the process of buckwheat seeds pelleting, and its best design and technological parameters are determined based on those when organic fertilizers based on humic acids were used as material for pelleting. Factors significantly affecting seed pelleting in a centrifugal pelleter with blade reflector were determined, the choice of objective function and criterion for improving the process are substantiated. A dependence describing the process of seed pelleting in a pelleter was obtained as a result of the regression analysis of the obtained results of experimental studies. The obtained results can be used in the field of crop production in agricultural production during presowing treatment of small seed crops and agricultural engineering during development of centrifugal pelleters with blade reflectors
Приоритетные направления повышения эффективности, конкурентоспособности и устойчивости развития аграрной отрасли Республики Беларусь
Get PDFImportance of agriculture as a central link of agro-industrial complex for ensuring the food security of the Republic of Belarus cannot be overestimated. However, low profitability of greater part of agricultural producers along with a complicated financial situation require development of ways to improve the efficiency, competitiveness and stability of the industry focusing on improving price, credit and tax policies for agricultural companies. It is also vital to intensify investment activities aimed at a wider use of innovations. When improving the management system, considerable attention should be paid to integrated formations. Due to implementation of quality management systems, it is possible to increase the quality and safety of agricultural products. The paper dwells on the main factors and conditions having effect on raising the efficiency and competitiveness of agricultural sector and stability of its development. Despite significant achievements and positive results in the AIC of Belarus, a number of engineering, economic and social problems remain. Solutions are proposed to solve some of them. In particular, attention is paid to further improvement of economic mechanism of management, the most important components of which are pricing, crediting, taxation and state support and investment for agriculture. All these, combined with proposals to improve the management system of the agrarian sector in conditions of ongoing transformational changes and along with solving problems in activities of integrated formations, as well as implementation of proposals to improve foreign economic activity in the agro-industrial sector, can ensure stable and efficient functioning of agrarian sector. The proposed priority trends can be used for improving the state agrarian policy measures
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ПОСЛЕУБОРОЧНОГО ДОЗРЕВАНИЯ НА КАЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ МАСЛОСЕМЯН РАПСА И ГОРЧИЦЫ САРЕПТСКОЙ ПРИ ПОСЛЕДУЮЩЕМ ХРАНЕНИИ
Get PDFIncrease of vegetable oils production provides for the further improvement of oily raw materials storage technology. It is known that technological quality of oilseeds is formed in close relation to its morphological characteristics, as well as peculiarities of biochemical processes inside of seeds, depending on external conditions and their development phase. The paper presents comparative results of researches of dynamics of qualitative and biochemical parameters of rape and brown mustard oilseeds with and without post-harvest ripening during storage. Research has shown that in order to produce high-quality fat-and-oil products, oilseeds must necessarily undergo the ripening process in artificial conditions, where the seeds are taken after they reach ripeness level enough for harvesting. Considering that the main period of oilseed storage is mainly destructive, seeds that have not undergone post-harvest ripening have active disintegration process even in case they are stored in perfect conditions. This process considerably reduces quality of seeds and their storage period. Based on the researches, practical recommendations were developed for post-harvest ripening and storage of oilseeds. The presented research data can be used to optimize the existing technologies of oily raw material post-harvest ripening and storage, to increase process quality of processed seeds and obtain high-quality fat-and-oil products. Acknowledgements. The research described in this work was carried out within the framework of the state research program “Quality and efficiency of agroindustrial production” for 2016–2020 (subprogram “Food security”).
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ЗЕРНОУБОРОЧНЫХ КОМБАЙНОВ В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ БЕЛАРУСИ
Get PDFAccording to adopted State Program for the Development of Agrarian Business of the Republic of Belarus for 2016–2020, it is planned to increase the production of grain by 2020 to 10 million tons. In this regard, the requirements grow for grain crops harvesting in optimal agro-technical terms with a minimum level of loss, which is impossible to be achieved without reliable high-performance combine harvesters. In recent decades, the rapid development of agricultural machinery has been noted in the Republic of Belarus making it possible to provide the agricultural sector of the country with almost all the required equipment and to export a significant part of machines abroad. The paper dwells on sore problems of various models of combine harvesters operation in agriculture of the republic. It is determined that the overwhelming part of the combine harvesters fleet in the country consists of domestic machines: they are the most attractive ones for the majority of Belarusian consumers according to price and quality ratio, they ensure the highest yield rates in the total annual grain yield, in addition, maintenance and repair cost is much lower. The advantages and problems of domestic combine harvesters in comparison with foreign analogues are revealed, a set of measures for increasing operation efficiency is developed.
Механизация полевой сушки трав: пути совершенствования
Get PDFHigh-quality grass feeds (hay, haylage, silage) decrease cost price, improve consumer properties and increase competitiveness of cattle products significantly being the main component of agricultural export for the Republic of Belarus. An important issue of grass feed procurement is acceleration of mowed grass drying process. Reduction of drying time or drying process acceleration has a positive effect on feed quality. To achieve this goal, technique of laying the mowed grass on stubble, in rolls or spreading, turning and conditioning is applied. Based on practical experience of application and analysis, the relevance of repeated rolling (reconditioning) of mowed grasses in rolls is substantiated. Design and workflow of new device for such grass rolling has been developed. Its working unit is designed as a sawn-deck or roller flatting apparatus. The kinematic parameters of the upper and lower rollers have been determined experimentally: the rollers rotation ratio should make 1.01 m ωв / ωн m 1.03. Field tests of the device with legumes helped to determined that it accelerates drying by 15–20%, reduces protein loss by 10–15% compared to drying with no treatment. The presented research materials present the development of the theory of grass feeds procurement mechanization. Use of the materials in practice will improve the quality of grass feeds by accelerating the mowed grass drying process.Качественные травяные корма (сено, сенаж, силос) существенно снижают себестоимость, улучшают потребительские свойства и повышают конкурентоспособность продукции крупного рогатого скота, являющейся для Республики Беларусь основной составляющей аграрного экспорта. Важным элементом процесса заготовки травяных кормов является ускорение сушки скошенных трав. Сокращение времени сушки или ее ускорение положительно влияет на их качество. Для достижения этой цели применяют укладку скошенных трав на стерню, в валки или растил, ворошение и кондеционирование. На основе их практического опыта применения и анализа обоснована актуальность повторного плющения (рекондеционирование) скошенных трав в валках. Разработана конструкция и рабочий процесс нового устройства для такого плющения трав. Его рабочий орган выполнен как бильно-дековый или вальцевый плющильный аппарат. Экспериментально установлены кинематические параметры работы верхнего и нижнего вальцов: соотношение их вращения должно быть 1,01 m ωв / ωн m 1,03. Полевыми испытаниями устройства на бобовых травах определено, что его применение способствует ускорению сушки на 15–20 %, уменьшает потери протеина на 10–15 % по сравнению с сушкой без обработки. Представленные материалы исследования являются развитием теории механизации заготовки травяных кормов. Их использование на практике будет способствовать повышению качества травяных кормов благодаря ускорению сушки скошенной травы