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Foresight za načrtovanje konkurenčnosti Podonavske regije
Get PDFThe ForeDanube initiative and its related activities collectively advance the role of foresight as a strategic instrument for competitiveness, innovation, and resilient policymaking in the Danube Region. Across nine contributions, the presentations address both theoretical and applied dimensions of foresight: from integrating artificial intelligence and managing uncertainty, to strengthening education through a dedicated Master’s program, embedding foresight into the EU Strategy for the Danube Region, and supporting crisis preparedness. Empirical insights from regional surveys highlight the gap between awareness and practice, while practical frameworks, such as the Danube Transfer Centre network and structured work plans, demonstrate how foresight can be institutionalized across multi-level governance. EU co-financing opportunities through Horizon Europe are identified as crucial enablers for capacity building. The overarching vision culminates in the ForeDanube project’s proposal for a permanent Foresight Competence Centre, serving as a hub for anticipatory governance and as a scalable model for Europe and beyond.Projekt ForeDanube in z njim povezane aktivnosti, v okviru katerih je nastala publikacija, skupaj utrjujejo vlogo foresighta kot strateškega instrumenta za konkurenčnost, inovacije in odpornejše oblikovanje politik v Podonavju. Devet prispevkov publikacije obravnava tako teoretične kot aplikativne razsežnosti foresighta: od vključevanja umetne inteligence in obvladovanja negotovosti, do krepitve izobraževanja z uvedbo magistrskega študijskega programa, umeščanja foresighta v Strategijo EU za Podonavsko regijo ter podpore pripravljenosti na krize. Empirični vpogledi iz regionalnih anket razkrivajo vrzel med ozaveščenostjo in prakso, medtem ko praktični okvirji, kot sta mreža Podonavskih prenosnih centrov in strukturirani delovni načrt in plan implementacije, prikazujejo, kako je foresight mogoče institucionalizirati na več ravneh upravljanja. Možnosti sofinanciranja EU prek programa Obzorje Evropa so prepoznane kot ključni vzvodi za krepitev zmogljivosti. Krovna vizija se uresničuje v predlogu projekta ForeDanube za ustanovitev stalnega Kompetenčnega centra za foresight, ki bi deloval kot vozlišče za anticipativno upravljanje in kot razširljiv model za Evropo in širše
Technoeconomic comparison of ejector and absorption heat pump
Get PDFZaradi velikih teženj po zniževanju stroškov in maksimalnem izkoristku energije je uporaba toplotnih črpalk v industrijskih procesih vse bolj prisotna. V magistrskem delu smo primerjali obratovalne lastnosti dobro poznane in raziskane absorpcijske toplotne črpalke z manj znano ejektorsko toplotno črpalko.
V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela je narejen pregled različnih toplotnih črpalk. Navedeni so principi obratovanja in glavne značilnosti posameznih tipov hladilnih naprav. Na kratko so predstavljene tudi glavne lastnosti delovnih fluidov.
V eksperimentalnem delu smo z uporabo programa Aspen HYSYS simulirali delovanje absorpcijske in ejektorske toplotne črpalke. Kot delovno snov smo v absorpcijski toplotni črpalki izbrali H2O/NH3, v ejektorski toplotni črpalki pa R600a (metilpropan). Preverili smo, kako na njuno delovanje in učinkovitost (COP) vplivajo različni obratovalni pogoji. Nadalje smo dobljene rezultate obeh naprav primerjali in njuno obratovanje tudi ekonomsko ovrednotili.
Na podlagi rezultatov eksperimentalnega dela je moč zaključiti, da ejektorska toplotna črpalka obratuje bolj učinkovito. Pri neposredni primerjavi obeh črpalk je pri izbranih pogojih COP absorpcijske toplotne črpalke variiral od 0,61 do 0,69. Medtem ko je ejektorska toplotna črpalka obratovala s COP med 1,43 in 1,69.Due to the large aspirations for cost-cutting and maximum energy efficiency the usage of heat pumps in industrial processes is more and more popular. In the master\u27s thesis, we compared the operational characteristics of a well-known and researched absorption heat pump in comparison to the less-known ejector heat pump.
In the theoretical part of the master’s thesis, we made an examination of the different heat pumps. We listed their principles of operation and their main characteristics, also adding a short presentation of the main characteristics of the working fluids.
In the experimental part we used the program Aspen HYSYS to simulate the operation of absorption and ejector heat pumps. As a working substance in the absorption heat pump, we used H2O/NH3 and R600a (methylpropane) in the ejector heat pump. We tested how different conditions affect their operation and efficiency (COP). Afterwards, we compared the results for both devices and prepared an economic evaluation of them.
Based on results of the experimental part we can conclude that ejector heat pump performs more effectively. In the direct comparison of both types of heat pumps with selected conditions the COP of the absorption heat pump varied from 0,61 to 0,69, while the ejector heat pump’s COP varied from 1,43 to 1,69
Use of quicklime for the prevention of salmonella infantis in poultry stables
Get PDFCilj raziskave je ugotoviti ali uporaba apna preprečuje pojav salmonele v hlevih za rejo piščancev. Raziskavo smo opravili na perutninskih farmah, kjer smo v enem hlevu (testni hlev) pobelili tla in stene z apneno brozgo in na koncu celoten hlev zameglili z razkužilom Fumagri HAdrugi hlev (kontrolni hlev) pa smo pripravili po navodilih iz priročnika za rejo brojlerjev. Kontrolna vzorčenja smo opravljali po odstranjevanju gnoja, po pranju hleva, po razkuževanju + beljenju, po plinjenju, ter na 0. dan, 7. dan, 14. dan, 21. dan, 28. dan in 35. dan reje. Vzorce so analizirali v laboratoriju NVI po metodi ISO 6579-1:2017. V raziskavi smo opravili 3 ponovitve v istih hlevih. Pojavnost pozitivnih vzorcev smo analizirali s statističnim paketom SPSS 28.1 z uporabo 2 testa. Ugotovili smo, da v fazi razkuževanja ni statistično značilnih (P ≥ 0,05) razlik, v fazi razkuževanje + beljenje smo ugotovili statistično značilno (P ≤ 0,05) razliko med testnim in kontrolnim hlevom, kjer nismo zaznali pojav salmonele. V proizvodni fazi se statistično značilna (P ≤ 0,05) razlika pojavi med hlevoma v 14. dnevu reje, kjer je v testnem hlevu manjša pojavnost salmonele. Pri vzorcih odvzetih s tal in sten ni statistično značilnih (P ≥ 0,05) razlik med hlevoma, saj v fazi razkuževanje + beljenje, plinjenje in 0. dan nismo zaznali pojav salmonele v testnem hlevu. V 35. dnevu reje se pojavi statistično značilna (P ≤ 0,05) razlika med hlevoma, kjer v testnem hlevu nismo zaznali pojava salmonele. Rezultati analiz vzorcev iz krmilnikov, napajalnikov, loput so pokazali, da v fazi razkuževanja ni statistično značilnih (P ≥ 0,05) razlik, saj v fazi razkuževanje + beljenje ni bilo pojava salmonele v testnem hlevu. V proizvodni fazi pa se hleva statistično značilno (P ≤ 0,05) razlikujeta v 14. in 21. dnevu reje, kjer smo zaznali več pozitivnih vzorcev na salmonelo v kontrolnem hlevu.The aim of the research was to confirm that the use of lime prevents the occurrence of salmonella in chicken barns. The research was carried out on a poultry farms, where in one barn (test barn) the floors and walls were whitewashed using lime slurry, and at the end of this procedure the entire barn was fogged with the Fumagri HA disinfectant, while the other barn (control barn) was prepared according to the instructions of the from the Broiler Breeding Manual. Control sampling was performed after remuval manure, after washing the barn, after disinfection and bleaching, after fumigation, on day 0, day 7, day 14, day 21, day 28 and day 35 of rearing. The samples were analyzed in an NVI laboratory according to the ISO 6579-1:2017 method. The occurrence of positive samples was analyzed with the SPSS 28.1 statistical package using the 2 test. 3 repetitions were performed in the same barn. We found that there are no statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05) differences in the disinfection phase, except in the disinfection and bleaching phase, there is a statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) difference between the test barn, where we did not detect the occurrence of salmonella, and the control barn. In the production phase, a statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) difference appeared between the barns on the 14th day of rearing, where the incidence of salmonella was lower in the test barn. There were no statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05) differences between the two barns in the floor and wall samples, although we did not detect the occurrence of salmonella in the test barn during the disinfection and bleaching, gassing and day 0 phases. On the 35th day of rearing, a statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) difference between the two barns appeared, where we did not detect the occurrence of salmonella in the test barn. The results of the sample analyses from feeders and hatches showed that there were no statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05) differences in the disinfection phase, although there was no salmonella occurrence in the test barn during the disinfection and bleaching phase. In the production phase, the barns differed statistically significantly (P ≤ 0.05) on the 14th and 21st day of rearing, where more positive samples for salmonella were detected in the control barn
Microstructure and properties of friction stir processed Al-Mn-Cu-based alloys
Get PDFV doktorskem delu so bile raziskane mikrostrukture in lastnosti dveh zlitin iz sistema Al-Mn-Cu, obdelanih s trenjem in mešanjem (FSP) in varjenih s trenjem in mešanjem ( FSW), ki imata v mikrostrukturi ali kvazikristalne faze, ki so nastale pri strjevanju, ali mešanico kvazikristalnih in L12-Al3X izločkov, ki nastanejo pri umetnem staranju.
Z visokohitrostnnim dvovaljnim litjem zlitine Al94Mn2Cu2Be smo uspešno izdelali lite trakove, pri katerem v mikrostrukturi nastane v meddendritnem prostoru kvazikristalni evtektik. Primarni delci kvazikristalnega aproksimanta Al15Mn3Be2 so nakopičeni predvsem v sredini traku in s tem zmanjšajo žilavost zlitine. Mikrostrukturo zlitine sestavlja -Al, ikozaedrični kvazikristal IQC, θ-Al2Cu, Be4Al (Mn, Cu) in Al15Mn3Be2.
Obdelava s trenjem in mešanjem FSP je močno spremenila mikrostrukturo zlitine Al94Mn2Cu2Be2 v območju mešanja. Veliki primarni delci Al15Mn3Be2 in kvazikristalni evtektik so se zdrobili in pretvorili v stabilno fazo 1-Al29Mn6Cu4. Večji vnos energije pri FSP in FSW je privedel do zmanjšanja trdote v območju mešanja, povečala se je natezna trdnost, udarna žilavost, kritične vrednosti lomne žilavosti JIC in KJIC ter odpornost proti napredovanju razpoke.
Zlitina Al-Mn-Cu, mikrolegirana z elementi Be, Sc, Zr, Cr in V, označena z AlMnCu(M), je bila po litju v bakreno kokilo obdelana s FSP. Lite plošče smo varili med seboj in s komercialno zlitino EN AW 6082 s trenjem in mešanjem FSW. Največji delež v zlitini Al-Mn-Cu(M) je zavzemala faza α-Al. V meddendritnih prostorih so bile po litju identificirane faze Al4Mn, θ-Al2Cu, IQC in Al2Cu(Sc). Po toplotni obdelavi so nastali trije tipi izločkov: ikozaedrični kvazikristalni, dekagonalni kvazikristalni in L12-Al3(Sc, Zr). Toplotna obdelava je bistveno povečala trdoto in povzročila, da je bilo območje mešanja po FSP v toplotnoobdelanih vzorcih manjše kot v litih vzorcih. Trdota v območju mešanja se je zmanjševala z večjim vnosom energije. V območju mešanja je bila drobna disperzija faze τ1- Al29Mn6Cu4. Mikrolegirana zlitina Al-Mn-Cu(M) se je uspešno varila z zlitino EN AW 6082 v stanju T6. Območje mešanja je bilo nesimetrično in bolj pomaknjeno v zlitino EN AW 6082. Pri intenzivnejšem mešanju se je povečala trdota v območju mešanja.The doctoral thesis investigates the microstructures and properties of two alloys from the Al-Mn-Cu system, processed by Friction Stir Processing (FSP) and Friction Stir Welding (FSW). These alloys contain either quasicrystalline phases formed during solidification or a mixture of quasicrystalline and L12-Al3X precipitates formed during artificial aging.
Using high-speed twin-roll casting, strips of the Al94Mn2Cu2Be2 alloy were successfully produced. In their microstructure, a quasicrystalline eutectic formed in the interdendritic space. Primary particles of the quasicrystal approximant Al15Mn3Be2 accumulated mostly in the center of the strip, which reduced the alloy\u27s toughness. The microstructure consists of α-Al, icosahedral quasicrystal (IQC), θ-Al₂Cu, Be₄Al(Mn,Cu), and Al15Mn3Be2.
Friction Stir Processing (FSP) significantly altered the microstructure of the Al94Mn2Cu2Be2 alloy in the stirred zone. Large primary Al15Mn3Be2 particles and quasicrystalline eutectic were fragmented and transformed into the stable t1-Al29Mn6Cu4 phase. The higher energy input from FSP and FSW led to reduced hardness in the stirred zone, while tensile strength, impact toughness, critical fracture toughness values JIC and KJIC, and resistance to crack propagation all increased.
The Al-Mn-Cu alloy microalloyed with Be, Sc, Zr, Cr, and V, designated AlMnCu(M), was cast into a copper mold and processed using FSP. Cast plates were welded together and with the commercial alloy EN AW 6082 using FSW. The α-Al phase was the dominant phase in the Al-Mn-Cu(M) alloy. In the interdendritic areas after casting, phases Al4Mn, θ-Al2Cu, IQC, and Al2Cu(Sc) were identified. After heat treatment, three types of precipitates formed: icosahedral quasicrystalline, decagonal quasicrystalline, and L12-Al3(Sc, Zr). Heat treatment significantly increased hardness and reduced the size of the stirred zone in heat-treated samples compared to as-cast samples. Hardness in the stirred zone decreased with increased energy input. A fine dispersion of the τ1- Al29Mn6Cu4 phase was present in the stirred zone. The microalloyed Al-Mn-Cu(M) alloy was successfully welded with EN AW 6082-T6. The stirred zone was asymmetric and more shifted into the EN AW 6082 alloy. With more intense stirring, the hardness in the stirred zone increased
Isolation and Preparation of Kidney Cell Lines for the Development of Novel In Vitro Nephrotoxicity Models
Get PDFLedvice so ključne za številne homeostatske mehanizme in so odgovorne za velik delež izločanja snovi iz telesa, zaradi česar so posebej dovzetne za delovanje nefrotoksičnih spojin. Med različnimi vrstami ledvičnih celic so proksimalne tubulne epitelijske celice (PTEC), ki sodelujejo pri tubularni sekreciji snovi, najbolj izpostavljene in zato ključnega pomena za razumevanje nefrotoksičnosti ter interakcij med zdravili v predkliničnih raziskavah. Omejena razpoložljivost in funkcionalna variabilnost komercialno dostopnih PTEC predstavlja ozko grlo pri teh raziskavah, zato je razvoj zanesljivih protokolov za njihovo izolacijo ključna za nadaljnji razvoj področja.
V tej disertaciji sta predstavljena dva optimizirana protokola za izolacijo primarnih PTEC iz rutinskih biopsij ledvičnega tkiva, pridobljenih od 13 bolnikov. Rezultat tega sta dve celični liniji, poimenovani MFUM-RPTEC-1 in MFUM-RPTEC-2. Obe celični liniji izražata za PTEC celice ključne označevalce, vključno s SGLT2, MRP4, OAT1, OAT3, OCT2, P-gp, MATE1, N-kadherinom, ZO-1 in CK-18. Ob gojenju na Transwell ploščah so celice pokazale ustrezno polarizacijo, saj so bili transportni proteini lokalizirani na predvideni (apikalni ali bazolateralni) strani, kar je bilo potrjeno tudi s konfokalno mikroskopijo.
Potencial ustvarjenih celičnih linij za uporabo v predkliničnih raziskavah smo preverjali s pripravo enostavnega in vitro modela za raziskovanje nefrotoksičnosti in interakcij med izbranimi zdravili. Celice so ohranile svojo viabilnost tudi po izpostavitvi nefrotoksičnim spojinam, kot so ciklosporin, omeprazol in njuni kombinaciji, kar dokazuje potencial celičnih linij za nadaljnji razvoj orodij in vzpostavitev raziskav na področju farmakologije ledvic.The kidneys play a key role in numerous homeostatic mechanisms and are responsible for a large proportion of substance excretion from the body, making them particularly susceptible to the effects of nephrotoxic compounds. Among the various types of renal cells, proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs), which are involved in tubular secretion, are the most exposed and therefore critical for understanding nephrotoxicity and drug–drug interactions in preclinical studies. The limited availability and functional variability of commercially available PTECs represent a bottleneck in such research, highlighting the need for reliable protocols for their isolation to advance the field.
This dissertation presents two optimized protocols for isolating primary PTECs from routine kidney tissue biopsies obtained from 13 patients. As a result, two cell lines were established, named MFUM-RPTEC-1 and MFUM-RPTEC-2. Both cell lines express key PTEC markers, including SGLT2, MRP4, OAT1, OAT3, OCT2, P-gp, MATE1, N-cadherin, ZO-1, and CK-18. When cultured on Transwell inserts, the cells exhibited appropriate polarization, with transport proteins localized to the expected (apical or basolateral) membrane, as confirmed by confocal microscopy.
The potential of the established cell lines for use in preclinical studies was evaluated through the development of a simple in vitro model for investigating nephrotoxicity and drug interactions. The cells retained their viability even after exposure to possibly nephrotoxic compounds such as cyclosporine, omeprazole, and their combination, demonstrating the potential of these cell lines for further development of tools and research in the field of renal pharmacology
Use of protective equipment and assaults on police officers in the police directorate Celje
Get PDFV diplomskem delu smo najprej predstavili vrste prisilnih sredstev, razvrščene od najmilejšega do najhujšega. Podrobneje smo obrazložili zakonsko določene pogoje za njihovo uporabo, pri čemer smo izpostavili načela sorazmernosti, zakonitosti, nujnosti, strokovnosti in humanosti. Ker policist sme uporabiti prisilno sredstvo za odvrnitev napada ali upiranja, smo obrazložili, kdaj gre za upiranje in kdaj za napad. Predstavili smo obstoječe raziskave, ki obravnavajo tematiko napadov na policiste, ter povzeli ključne ugotovitve avtorjev in njihova priporočila za izboljšanje varnosti policistov. Ker nismo zasledili nobenih raziskav o posledicah napadov na policiste v Sloveniji, smo vključili tudi dve tuji raziskavi, narejeni na Finskem in v Združenih državah Amerike. S tem smo želeli opozoriti, da napadi niso nekaj normalnega in del poklica, ampak lahko pustijo tudi trajne posledice. V empiričnem delu smo z analizo podatkov za območje Policijske uprave Celje, ki smo jih pridobili iz njihovih letnih poročil o delu, preverjali zastavljene hipoteze. Ugotavljali smo, ali se uporaba prisilnih sredstev povečuje, katero prisilno sredstvo so policisti najpogosteje uporabili in ali se število napadov na policiste povečuje. Ugotovili smo, da uporaba prisilnih sredstev narašča, pri čemer je najpogosteje uporabljeno prisilno sredstvo telesna sila. Največ napadov je bilo izvedenih leta 2020, kar je lahko posledica protestov proti vladnim ukrepom zaradi covida-19.In this study we first presented the types of coercive measures, ranked from the mildest to the most severe.We explained the legally defined conditions for their use,most importantly principles of proportionality, legality, necessity, professionalism and humanity. Since police officer can use coercive measures to prevent an attack or resistance we explained the differences between the two. We presented existing research that addresses the topic of attacks on police officers, and summarized the authors\u27 key findings and their recommendations for improving police officer safety. We presented key findings of existing research that addresses the topic of attacks on police officers and summarized author\u27s recommendations for improving police officer safety. Since we did not find any research of the psychological impact assaults have on police officers we also included two foreign studies conducted in Finland and the USA. With that we wanted to point out that attacks are not something normal and are not just part of the job, but can also leave lasting psychological problems. In the empirical part we study the hypotheses, by analyzing the data for the Police Directorate Celje. We were interested in whether the use of coercive measures is increasing, which one do police officers use the most and whether the number of assaults on police officers is increasing. We found that the use of coercive measures is increasing, while assaults on police officers are decreasing. The most frequently used coercive measure is handcuffs. The number of use of coercive measures and assaults on police officer was the highest in year 2020, which may be due to protests against government measures due to COVID-19
Analysis of the energy balance and renewable energy sources in Slovenia based on the Energy Agency\u27s 2023 report
Get PDFV magistrskem delu je celovito obravnavan slovenski elektroenergetski sistem, s poudarkom na njegovi strukturi, zanesljivosti in razvoju v času energetske tranzicije. Predstavljeni so ključni podatki o proizvodnji električne energije iz različnih virov, vključno z obnovljivimi viri energije. Analizirana je tudi poraba električne energije in izgube v prenosnem in distribucijskem sistemu. Vključena je tudi analiza trendov samooskrbe, vloga distribucijskega omrežja v Sloveniji in vplivu samooskrbe na distribucijsko omrežje. Podrobno je obravnavan pravni okvir samooskrbe, vključno z zakonskimi pravicami in obveznostmi proizvajalcev in odjemalcev. Ocenjen je tudi vpliv zakonodajnih sprememb, kot je Zakon o spodbujanju rabe obnovljivih virov energije (ZSROVE), na razvoj samooskrbe in vključevanje OVE v elektroenergetski sistem. Poseben poudarek je namenjen pregledu poročila Agencije za energijo za leto 2023 in analizira doseganje ciljev na področju OVE ter prihodnje usmeritve prehoda v nizkoogljično družbo.The Slovenian power system is comprehensively examined in this master\u27s thesis, with emphasis placed on its structure, reliability and development during the energy transition Key data related to electricity generation, consumotion, losses and integration of renewable energy sources are presented. The thesis also analyzes electricity consumption and losses within the transmission and distribution networks. An analysis of self-sufficiency trends, the role of the distribution network and the impact of regulatory changes are also included. The legal framework surrounding self-consumption is thoroughly discussed, covering the associated rights and obligations of producers and consumers. The influence of legislative changes, such as the Act on Promoting the Use of Renewable Energy Sources, on the development of self-consumption and the integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity system is also assessed. The work focuses on a review of the Energy Agency\u27s report for 2023 and analyzes the achievement of renewable energy sources targets, as well as future directions for the transition to a low-carbon society
Ethical approval and informed consent in mental health research
No full textAlthough there is a wide range of scientific papers introducing artificial intelligence techniques in the mental health field, there is a lack of literature assessing the reporting of ethical concerns in such studies. In addition, it is not yet known whether the authors seek ethical approval or informed consent while performing such research. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which studies in the mental health domain that utilize chatbots either ignore or incompletely disclose patient consent and ethical approval from the responsible review boards. A scoping literature search was performed in PsychARTICLES, PubMed, and Web of Science using both MeSH terms and free-text keywords. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we also contacted study authors to verify missing information about ethical approval or informed consent, enhancing the transparency and rigor of our analysis. Among the 27 studies reviewed, 13 reported obtaining ethical approval, and 16 reported collecting informed consent. The remaining studies did not provide such information. These findings underscore the ethical complexities surrounding AI in mental health, especially regarding the collection, storage, and use of sensitive patient data. There is a correlation between sample size and the acquisition of ethical approval, particularly in studies published in journals with low-impact factors. Future research should investigate the role of journal policies in influencing ethical practices. In addition, training programs could be developed to educate researchers on the importance of ethics, particularly in studies with smaller sample sizes
Impact of constitutional decision u-i-144/19-51 on police work
Get PDFV diplomskem delu je obravnavan vpliv Ustavne odločbe U-I-144/19-51 z dne 6. 7. 2023 na delo policije pri uporabi prikritih preiskovalnih ukrepov. Ustavno sodišče je ugotovilo neskladnost več določb Zakona o kazenskem postopku z Ustavo RS, saj so preveč posegale v pravico do komunikacijske in informacijske zasebnosti. Posledično je bil spremenjen dokazni standard za odreditev posameznih prikritih preiskovalnih ukrepov iz »razlogov za sum« v višji dokazni standard »utemeljeni razlogi za sum«, kar je bistveno spremenilo prakso policijskega dela. V diplomskem delu je predstavljen zgodovinski razvoj prikritih preiskovalnih ukrepov, katere prikrite preiskovalne ukrepe poznamo in katere dokazne standarde poznamo. Poseben poudarek je namenjen vplivu Ustavne odločbe na učinkovitost policijskega dela, kjer se kaže povečana potreba po natančnejši obrazložitvi predlogov za odreditev ukrepov in tesnejšem sodelovanju z državnim tožilstvom. Na podlagi analize sodne prakse in statističnih podatkov je ugotovljeno, da nove zahteve otežujejo delo policije, saj so pogoji za odreditev ukrepov strožji, kar posledično zmanjšuje hitrost dela policije pri raziskovanju hujših kaznivih dejanj. Pri tem vidimo, da se policija prilagaja na nove višje zahteve in uporablja druge ukrepe za pridobitev potrebnih dokazov. Kljub temu spremembe prispevajo k večji pravni varnosti posameznikov, krepitvi načela sorazmernosti in zagotavljanju ustavne skladnosti kazenskega postopka.This thesis examines the impact of the Constitutional Court Decision U-I-14419-51 of 6 July 2023 on police work in the use of covert investigative measures. The Constitutional Court found several provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act to be inconsistent with the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, as they excessively interfered with the right to communication and informational privacy. As a result, the evidentiary standard required for the authorization of certain covert investigative measures was raised from »grounds for suspicion« to a higher standard, »reasonable grounds for suspicion« which significantly altered police practice. The thesis presents the historical development of covert investigative measures, identifies the existing types of such measures, and outlines the evidentiary standards applied in criminal proceedings. Particular attention is devoted to the impact of the Constitutional Court\u27s decision on the effectiveness of police work, where an increased need for more precise reasoning in requests for authorization of measures and closer cooperation with the State Prosecutor\u27s Office has been observed. Based on an analysis of case law and statistical data, it is established that the new requirements have made police work more demanding, as the conditions for authorizing measures have become stricter, thereby reducing the speed of investigations in serious criminal cases. Nevertheless, the police are gradually adapting to the higher standards and are employing alternative measures to obtain the necessary evidences. Despite these challenges, the changes contribute to greater legal certainty for individuals, strengthen the principle of proportionality, and ensure the constitutional compliance of criminal proceedings
Suffix distribution in occupational feminatives with the same base in selected South Slavic languages
Get PDFV prispevku predstavljam sondažno primerjavo poklicnih feminativov v štirih južnoslovanskih jezikih: v slovenščini, hrvaščini, srbščini in makedonščini. Izhodiščni jezik primerjave je slovenščina, zato sem paberkovalno zbrala 105 slovenskih feminativov, ki se večinsko nanašajo na poklicno dejavnost, in zanje v ustreznih spletno dostopnih slovarskih virih drugih jezikov poiskala istopodstavne ustreznice. Kot vir sem uporabili le spletno dostopne slovarske vire primerjanih jezikov. Čeprav se medsebojno razlikujejo po leksikografskem konceptu in obsegu, sem hkrati pridobila tudi sociolingvistični uvid o statusu in namenjeni pozornosti sistemskemu uslovarjanju ženskospolskih vzporednic v posameznem jeziku.This paper presents a comparison of randomly selected samples of occupational feminatives in four South Slavic languages: Slovenian, Croatian, Serbian, and Macedonian. The starting point of the comparison was Slovenian, namely 104 randomly collected Slovenian feminatives, mostly referring to professional occupations. Equivalents of these feminatives, such with the same base, were sought for in relevant online dictionary resources also for the other three languages. The sources used were limited to online dictionary resources available for the languages in question. Although these sources differ in lexicographic concept and scope, we were also able to gain some sociolinguistic insight into the status and the level of attention given to the systematic lexicographic treatment of female-gendered equivalents in each language