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The microeconomic and macroeconomic consequences of implementing tariffs
Get PDFPo ustanovitvi Svetovne trgovinske organizacije leta 1995 in vstopu Kitajske leta 2001 je mednarodna trgovina doživela hitro integracijo, a se je proces liberalizacije po finančni krizi leta 2008 bistveno upočasnil. V zadnjem desetletju smo priča naraščanju uporabe protekcionističnih zunanjetrgovinskih praks. Carine so davek na uvoženo blago, ki ima obsežne učinke na gospodarstvo. Na mikroekonomski ravni imajo carine redistribucijski učinek, saj povečujejo proizvajalčev presežek v gospodarstvu in javnofinančne prihodke, medtem ko zmanjšujejo potrošnikov presežek in skupno blaginjo v gospodarstvu. Na makroekonomski ravni carine vplivajo na gospodarsko aktivnost in na inflacijska gibanja, tako vplivajo na trgovinsko bilanco, kapitalske tokove, na deviznotečajna gibanja in na stabilnost finančnih trgov, saj povečana negotovost v mednarodni menjavi pogosto vodi v večjo volatilnost na finančnih trgih. Protekcionistični ukrepi, kot so carine, v negotovem okolju še dodatno poglabljajo fragmentacijo svetovnega gospodarstva, kar zmanjšuje učinkovitost globalne alokacije proizvodnih dejavnikov, obenem pa povečuje tveganja za sistemske šoke. Aktualno dogajanje kaže, da postajajo carine in carinska zaščita prevladujoče orodje zunanjetrgovinske politike ZDA.After the establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995 and China’s accession in 2001, international trade experienced rapid integration, but the process of liberalization slowed significantly following the 2008 financial crisis. In the past decade, we have witnessed a growing use of protectionist trade practices. Tariffs are a tax on imported goods that have extensive effects on the economy. At the microeconomic level, tariffs have a redistributive effect: they increase producer surplus and government revenues while reducing consumer surplus and overall welfare in the economy. At the macroeconomic level, tariffs influence economic activity and inflationary dynamicsthey affect the trade balance, capital flows, exchange rate movements, and the stability of financial markets, as heightened uncertainty in international trade often leads to greater financial market volatility. Protectionist measures such as tariffs further deepen the fragmentation of the global economy in an uncertain environment, reducing the efficiency of global allocation of production factors and simultaneously increasing the risks of systemic shocks. Current developments indicate that tariffs and tariff protection are becoming the predominant tool of U.S. trade policy
Computer-Aided Support in Layout Optimization of Workplaces
Get PDFMagistrska naloga zajema tematiko razmeščanja delovnih mest v sklopu oblikovanja proizvodnih sistemov. Izbira ustrezne razmestitve ključno vpliva na stroške transporta in s tem neposredno na proizvodne stroške. Obstoječe metode razmeščanja dajejo ustrezne rezultate, vendar pogosto zahtevajo precej časa. V okviru te magistrske naloge se te metode poskuša nadgraditi z izdelavo računalniške rešitve. Razvije se programska rešitev metode zamenjav, ki temelji na razmeščanju delovnih mest glede na njihov medsebojni pretok. Dobljena programska rešitev omogoča enostavnejšo in hitrejšo pot do optimalne rešitve problema razmestitve delovnih mest.The master’s thesis addresses the topic of workplace layout within the design of manufacturing systems. The choice of an appropriate layout has a significant impact on transportation costs and thus directly influences overall production costs. Existing layout planning methods provide adequate results but are often time-consuming. In this thesis, an attempt is made to enhance these methods by developing a computer-based solution. A software solution of the pairwise exchange method is developed, which determines workplace layout based on flows between workplaces. The resulting software solution enables a simpler and faster path toward finding the optimal layout
Cognitive Functions, Cognitive Reserve and Everyday Problem Solving in Late Adulthood
Get PDFV pozni odraslosti se posamezniki pogosto soočajo s spremembami v kognitivnem delovanju, ki lahko omejijo njihovo sposobnost samostojnega reševanja vsakodnevnih nalog. Čeprav številne raziskave potrjujejo postopno zmanjševanje kognitivnih sposobnosti, ostaja odprto vprašanje, katere izmed njih imajo največjo vlogo pri ohranjanju vsakodnevne kompetentnosti in kakšen pomen imajo pri tem kazalniki kognitivne rezerve. Namen raziskave je bil zato preučiti povezanost kognitivnih funkcij, izobrazbe, hobijev in starosti z uspešnostjo pri reševanju vsakodnevnih problemov v pozni odraslosti. V raziskavi so sodelovali 104 starejši odrasli, vključeni v društva upokojencev in medgeneracijske centre. Rezultati so pokazali, da imata izobrazba in čas, namenjen hobijem, pomembno povezavo z uspešnostjo pri reševanju vsakodnevnih problemov. Med kognitivnimi sposobnostmi so se kot ključne izkazale izvršilne funkcije, ki skupaj z izobrazbo najbolje napovedujejo uspešnost, medtem ko so verbalne, vidno-prostorske sposobnosti, spomin in pozornost imele, glede na rezultate, predvsem posredno vlogo. Hobiji so se pokazali kot dejavnik, ki lahko prispeva k boljšim rezultatom, čeprav učinek ni bil povsem stabilen. Kronološka starost ni bila povezana z uspešnostjo, kar nakazuje, da je za vsakodnevno kompetentnost pomembnejše, katere sposobnosti in življenjske izkušnje posameznik ohranja in razvija. Ugotovitve poudarjajo osrednjo vlogo izvršilnih funkcij in izobrazbe pri ohranjanju kognitivne kompetentnosti ter pomen kognitivne rezerve in življenjskega sloga za podporo samostojnosti v starosti.In late adulthood, individuals often face changes in cognitive functioning that may limit their ability to independently solve everyday tasks. Although numerous studies confirm a gradual decline in cognitive abilities, the question remains as to which of these abilities play the most important role in maintaining everyday competence and what significance indicators of cognitive reserve have in this process. The aim of this study was therefore to examine how cognitive functions, education, hobbies, and age relate to success in everyday problem-solving in late adulthood. The study included 104 older adults who were members of pensioners’ associations and intergenerational centres. The results showed that education and the time devoted to hobbies were significantly associated with success in everyday problem-solving. Among cognitive abilities, executive functions proved to be crucial, as they, together with education, best predicted success, while verbal, visuospatial skills, memory, and attention played primarily an indirect role according to the results. Hobbies appeared as a factor that could contribute to better outcomes, although the effect was not entirely stable. Chronological age was not related to success, suggesting that everyday competence depends more on which abilities and life experiences an individual maintains and develops. The findings highlight the central role of executive functions and education in maintaining cognitive competence, as well as the importance of cognitive reserve and lifestyle in supporting independence in later life
Understanding and addressing selective mutism in kindergarten
Get PDFDiplomsko delo z naslovom Poznavanje in obravnava selektivnega mutizma v vrtcih je sestavljeno iz teoretičnega in empiričnega dela. V teoretičnem delu smo na podlagi strokovne literature predstavili: anksiozne motnje pri otrocih, njihove biološke, genetske in okoljske vzroke ter vplive na otrokov vsakdan. Poseben poudarek smo namenili selektivnemu mutizmu. Opisali smo diagnostične kriterije, značilnosti, dejavnike tveganja in vlogo strokovnih delavcev pri prepoznavanju ter podpornih strategijah v vrtcu. Obravnavali smo tudi pomen sodelovanja s starši in nujnost izobraževanja vzgojiteljev za zgodnjo prepoznavo in učinkovito obravnavo.
V empiričnem delu smo z izvedbo spletnega vprašalnika med več sto strokovnimi delavci slovenskih vrtcev in s polstrukturiranim intervjujem preverili predhodno znanje o selektivnem mutizmu, dostopnost strokovnih gradiv ter osebne izkušnje pri prepoznavanju in obravnavi motnje. Intervju je dopolnili kvantitativne podatke s konkretnejšimi vpogledi v pristope, s katerimi strokovni delavci podpirajo otroke. Namen je bil raziskati, kako strokovni delavci dojemajo svojo usposobljenost, kje čutijo največje pomanjkljivosti ter katere strategije in metode se v praksi izkažejo za najučinkovitejše.The diploma thesis entitled "Understanding and Addressing Selective Mutism in Kindergartens" comprises theoretical and empirical parts. The theoretical section, drawing on the scientific literature, presents anxiety disorders in children, their biological, genetic, and environmental causes, and their impact on children\u27s daily lives. Particular emphasis is placed on selective mutism, including its diagnostic criteria, characteristics, risk factors, and the role of professionals in identifying the disorder and implementing supportive strategies in the kindergarten setting. The discussion also highlights the importance of cooperation with parents and the necessity of training educators for the early recognition and effective support of children with selective mutism.
The empirical part involved an online questionnaire completed by several hundred kindergarten professionals in Slovenia, as well as semi-structured interviews, to assess prior knowledge of selective mutism, access to scientific resources, and personal experiences in recognizing and addressing the disorder. The interviews complemented the quantitative data by providing more detailed insights into the approaches used by professionals to support children. The study aimed to explore how professionals perceive their own competence, identify areas where they feel least prepared, and determine which strategies and methods prove most effective in practice
Organization of Audio Production in an Broadcast Vehicle for Sports Broadcasting
Get PDFMagistrsko delo obravnava pomen zvoka v televizijski produkciji športnih prenosov, kjer zvok ni le spremljava slike, temveč ključni element pri ustvarjanju pristne gledalske izkušnje. Teoretični del pojasnjuje procese zajema, obdelave in prenosa zvoka, vlogo mikrofonov, protokolov in standardov, kot so MADI, Dante in Dolby. Praktični del opiše športni prenos in izpostavlja tehnične ter ustvarjalne izzive, kot so sinhronizacija zvoka s sliko, zmanjševanje zakasnitev ter zagotavljanje enakomerne kakovosti v zahtevnih pogojih. Zaključki poudarjajo pomen strokovnega sodelovanja in predlagajo izboljšave, ki lahko še okrepijo kakovost zvočne podobe športnih prenosov.The thesis explores the role of sound in television production of sports broadcasts, where audio is not merely an addition to visuals but a key element in creating an authentic viewer experience. The theoretical part examines processes of capturing, processing, and transmitting sound, highlighting microphones, protocols, and standards such as MADI, Dante, and Dolby. The practical section describes sports broadcasts, focusing on technical and creative challenges like synchronization of sound and image, latency reduction, and maintaining consistent quality under demanding conditions. The findings emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and propose improvements to further enhance the audio experience of sports productions
The importance of supplying food trucks with necessary ingredients
Get PDFDiplomsko delo obravnava optimizacijo nabave in oskrbe pri tovornjakih s hrano z uvedbo digitalnega sistema za spremljanje zalog. Zaradi narave mobilnega gostinstva se food trucki soočajo s številnimi izzivi, kot so omejen prostor za shranjevanje, potreba po svežih sestavinah ter pogosto spreminjajoče se lokacije. To zahteva prilagodljivo oskrbovalno verigo, ki omogoča hitro odzivanje na spremembe v povpraševanju in sprotno načrtovanje nabave. Analizirano je trenutno stanje v izbranem podjetju, kjer se podatki o nabavi in zalogah še vedno vodijo ročno. Takšen način prinaša tveganja, kot so netočnost evidenc, izguba časa pri upravljanju podatkov ter oteženo načrtovanje naročil. Posledično prihaja do pogostih presežkov ali pomanjkanja surovin, kar povzroča dodatne stroške in povečuje količino živilskih izgub.
Predlagana rešitev temelji na digitalizaciji procesov, ki vključuje avtomatizacijo naročanja, sprotno spremljanje zalog in boljšo sledljivost porabe sestavin. Cilj je povečati učinkovitost poslovanja, zmanjšati zavržke ter izboljšati odzivnost podjetja na spremembe tržnih razmer. S tem se dvigne konkurenčnost podjetja, hkrati pa se zagotovi trajnostno in pregledno poslovanje.The thesis addresses the optimization of procurement and supply for food trucks through the introduction of a digital inventory monitoring system. Due to the nature of mobile catering, food trucks face numerous challenges, such as limited storage space, the need for fresh ingredients, and frequently changing locations. This requires a flexible supply chain that enables rapid response to demand fluctuations and continuous procurement planning. The current situation in the selected company is analyzed, where procurement and inventory data are still managed manually. Such an approach involves risks, including inaccurate records, time-consuming data handling, and difficulties in planning orders. As a result, surpluses or shortages of raw materials often occur, leading to additional costs and increased food waste.
The proposed solution is based on the digitalization of processes, including automated ordering, real-time inventory tracking, and improved traceability of ingredient consumption. The objective is to increase business efficiency, reduce waste, and enhance the company’s responsiveness to changing market conditions. In doing so, the company improves its competitiveness while ensuring sustainable and transparent operations
Umetna inteligenca v modulih za upravljanje kakovosti v ERP: primerjalna analiza SAP in Infor
Get PDFThe usefulness of elemantary, relay and other games in working with young football players
Get PDFNogomet je eden najbolj priljubljenih športov na svetu, ki že v zgodnjem otroštvu pritegne številne otroke. V začetnih fazah vključevanja otrok v nogometni trening ima pomembno vlogo predvsem igrivost, saj igra predstavlja naravno okolje učenja in razvoja. Otroci med igro pridobivajo osnovne gibalne izkušnje, razvijajo socialne veščine, se učijo pravil ter vzpostavljajo pozitiven odnos do gibanja in športa nasploh. Pri najmlajših nogometaših, starih med 5 in 8 let, je ključno, da vadbeni proces temelji na načelih celostnega razvoja. Otroci v tem obdobju namreč še niso zreli za sistematično učenje kompleksnih tehničnih in taktičnih elementov igre, zato mora biti vadba prilagojena njihovim razvojnim, fizičnim in umskim značilnostim. Osrednji del vadbenih vsebin pri najmlajših tako predstavljajo različne elementarne, štafetne in druge igre. Te prek zabave in gibanja omogočajo razvoj osnovnih motoričnih, socialnih in psiholoških sposobnosti.
Cilj diplomske naloge je predstaviti pomen in uporabnost elementarnih, štafetnih ter drugih oblik iger pri delu z najmlajšimi nogometaši. Poudarek je na vlogi trenerja, primerni strukturi vadbenega procesa, ciljih vadbe in razvoju otrok v tem starostnem obdobju. Poleg tega so v diplomski nalogi z grafičnimi prikazi in opisi predstavljene elementarne, štafetne in druge igre za doseganje različnih ciljev pri delu z mladimi nogometaši.Football is one of the most popular sports in the world, attracting many children as early as in early childhood. In the initial stages of introducing children to football training, playfulness plays an especially important role, as play represents a natural environment for learning and development. Through play, children gain fundamental movement experiences, develop social skills, learn rules, and establish a positive attitude toward physical activity and sports in general. For the youngest football players, aged between 5 and 8, it is crucial that the training process is based on the principles of holistic development. At this stage, children are not yet ready for systematic learning of complex technical and tactical elements of the game, which is why training must be adapted to their developmental, physical, and cognitive characteristics. Therefore, the central part of training content for the youngest consists of various fundamental, relay, and other games, which, through fun and movement, enable the development of basic motor, social, and psychological abilities.
The aim of this thesis is to present the importance and usefulness of fundamental, relay, and other types of games in working with the youngest football players. The focus is placed on the role of the coach, the appropriate structure of the training process, the objectives of training, and the development of children in this age group. In addition, the thesis also includes graphical representations and descriptions of fundamental, relay, and other games designed to achieve different objectives in working with young football player
Some thoughts about Francesca Albanese\u27s expert lecture "Legal aspects of human rights violations and the Geneva Conventions in the occupied Palestinian territories" held in Maribor, Slovenia
Get PDFOn 8 July 2025, the Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law at the University of Maribor, hosted Francesca Albanese, the international law expert and UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967. In this contribution, the views shared at her expert lecture titled "Legal aspects of human rights violations and the Geneva Conventions in the occupied Palestinian territories" are outpined. Additionally, some concerns are raised regarding implications of Albanese\u27s views for the EU criminal law, in particular the legislative framework aiming at harmonization of the so-called hate speech offences under the Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA
Desing and Numerical Analysis of Redler Conveyor Using Discrete Element Method (DEM)
Get PDFV diplomskem delu je obravnavan transport pšenice v poševni in navpični smeri z uporabo Redlerjevega transporterja. Predstavljeno je teoretično ozadje delovanja Redlerjevega transporterja ter metoda diskretnih elementov (DEM), ki je bila uporabljena pri za izvedbo numeričnih simulacij. Izvedli smo analitičen preračun ter numerične simulacije v orodju Ansys Rocky. Izvedena je bila temeljita kalibracija materialnega modela za pšenico. Analizirali smo masne pretoke v treh regijah Redlerjevega transporterja in rezultate primerjali z analitičnim preračunom. Rezultati simulacije se ujemajo z analitičnim preračunom z manjšimi odstopanji. Analizirali smo ali v Redlerjevem transporterju material potuje z enako hitrostjo skozi celoten prerez transporterja, kar smo potrdili z analizo. Analizirali smo zapolnjenost korita, mesta največje obrabe Redlerjevega transporterja in sile na strgala. Končna izvedba Redlerjevega transporterja bi morala imeti spremenjena strgala kar bi izboljšalo praznjenje na koncu transportne poti.This thesis examines the transport of wheat in vertikal and inclined orientations using a Redler conveyor system. The teoretical background of Redler conveyor operation is outlined, together whit the Discrete Element Method (DEM), which was employed to perform numerical simulations. Both analytical calculations and numerical simulation were conducted in Ansys Rocky, accompaied by a comprehensive calibration of the material model for wheat. Mass flows were analyzed in three regions of the Redler conveyor and compered with analytical predictions, the results of the simulations show good agreement with analytical calculations with minor deviations. We analyzed wheather the material moves at a uniform velocity across the intire cross-section of the Redler conveyor, which was confirmed by data analysis. We examined In addition the degree of trough filling, location of maximum wear of Redler conveyor and forces acting on the scrapers . The study concludes that the final Redler conveyor desing should incorpurate modified scrapers in order to enhance material discharge at the end of the transport path