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Circular economy implementation in the electric and electronic equipment industry
Get PDFThe circular economy (CE) encourages sustainability by shifting towards business models that prolong resource use. The quantity of waste generated by electric and electronic equipment (WEEE or e-waste) is rapidly rising and is one of the fastest-growing waste streams. Our paper explores the awareness, benefits, barriers, incentives, and implementation of CE in the electric and electronic equipment (EEE) industry in Slovenia and Croatia. In the theoretical section, we review the existing literature on CE, the EEE industry in both countries, and their policy frameworks for developing CE. Based on primary research through a survey and inferential statistical analysis in the empirical section, we investigate the implementation of CE in the EEE industry in both countries. This paper identifies which CE practices companies in the EEE industry implement, how company size affects CE implementation, how companies evaluate institutional support to CE, and their plans regarding CE. The results highlight some differences between the two countries. Drawing on the empirical findings, we determine key challenges and opportunities for increasing CE adoption in this sector and formulate some European suggestions for policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers
Organizational culture in small enterprises
Get PDFOrganizacijska kultura je eden ključnih dejavnikov, ki pomembno vpliva na uspešnost podjetja, zavzetost in zadovoljstvo zaposlenih ter dolgoročno stabilnost organizacije. Posebej izrazito se njen pomen kaže v malih podjetjih, kjer se zaradi manjšega števila zaposlenih oblikujejo intenzivnejši medosebni odnosi, vsak posameznik pa ima večji vpliv na kulturo podjetja. Mala podjetja se pogosto soočajo z omejenimi viri, kadrovsko fluktuacijo in izzivi pri oblikovanju spodbudnega delovnega okolja, kar lahko vodi v nestabilnost in zmanjšano produktivnost. V teh okoliščinah postane organizacijska kultura temeljni element, ki lahko bodisi prispeva k uspešnosti bodisi predstavlja oviro pri njenem razvoju. V teoretičnem delu naloge so predstavljeni različni modeli organizacijske kulture in dejavniki, ki vplivajo na njen nastanek, oblikovanje in spreminjanje. Analizirani so tudi vplivi močne in šibke kulture ter posebnosti kulture v malih podjetjih v primerjavi z večjimi organizacijami. Poudarjena je vloga vodstva in zaposlenih pri oblikovanju skupnih vrednot, norm in vedenjskih vzorcev ter pomen skladnosti kulture s strateškimi cilji podjetja. Empirični del temelji na raziskavi, izvedeni v štirih slovenskih malih podjetjih, kjer je bil z anketnim vprašalnikom analiziran vpliv organizacijske kulture na zadovoljstvo, motivacijo, predanost, zavzetost, produktivnost in kakovost medosebnih odnosov. Rezultati kažejo, da močnejša in jasneje razvita organizacijska kultura pozitivno vpliva na motivacijo, zavzetost in predanost zaposlenih, hkrati pa prispeva k boljši kakovosti odnosov in večji učinkovitosti dela. Nasprotno pa šibka kultura pogosto vodi v nezadovoljstvo, pomanjkanje motivacije ter slabšo produktivnost. Na podlagi ugotovitev so oblikovani konkretni predlogi za izboljšanje organizacijske kulture v malih podjetjih, kot so krepitev komunikacije, spodbujanje sodelovanja, razvoj vodstvenih kompetenc ter ustvarjanje bolj spodbudnega delovnega okolja. Naloga tako ponuja praktične smernice, ki lahko malim podjetjem služijo kot podlaga za sistematično gradnjo in utrjevanje organizacijske kulture, kar prispeva k dolgoročni uspešnosti in stabilnosti poslovanja.Organizational culture is one of the key factors that significantly influences a company’s success, employee engagement and satisfaction, as well as the long-term stability of the organization. Its importance is particularly evident in small businesses, where the smaller number of employees fosters more intensive interpersonal relationships, and each individual has a greater impact on the company’s culture. Small businesses often face limited resources, employee turnover, and challenges in creating a supportive work environment, which can lead to instability and reduced productivity. In such circumstances, organizational culture becomes a fundamental element that can either contribute to success or represent an obstacle to development. The theoretical part of the thesis presents various models of organizational culture and the factors that influence its emergence, formation, and change. It also analyses the effects of strong and weak cultures, as well as the specific characteristics of culture in small businesses compared to larger organizations. Emphasis is placed on the role of leadership and employees in shaping shared values, norms, and behavioral patterns, as well as on the importance of aligning culture with the company’s strategic goals. The empirical part is based on a study conducted in four Slovenian small businesses, where a survey questionnaire was used to analyse the impact of organizational culture on satisfaction, motivation, commitment, engagement, productivity, and the quality of interpersonal relationships. The results show that a stronger and more clearly developed organizational culture positively affects employee motivation, engagement, and commitment, while also contributing to better relationship quality and greater work efficiency. Conversely, weak culture often leads to dissatisfaction, lack of motivation, and lower productivity. Based on the findings, concrete proposals are formulated for improving organizational culture in small businesses, such as strengthening communication, encouraging collaboration, developing leadership competencies, and creating a more supportive work environment. Thus, the thesis offers practical guidelines that small businesses can use as a foundation for systematically building and reinforcing organizational culture, thereby contributing to long-term success and business stability
Women in leadership positions at the belgian company x
Get PDFPredmet diplomskega dela je analiza zastopanosti žensk na vodilnih položajih v belgijskem podjetju X. Cilj je pridobiti celovito razumevanje tega pojava s kombinacijo sekundarnih in primarnih raziskav. Sekundarne raziskave bodo vključevale zbiranje in analizo podatkov iz ustreznih virov, kot so poročila mednarodnih organizacij, akademske študije in poročila podjetij s posebnim poudarkom na svetovnih trendih, pravnih predpisih in politikah, ki spodbujajo enakost spolov, ter primerih uspešnih praks v različnih gospodarskih okoljih. Primarna raziskava bo temeljila na kvalitativni metodologiji, s poudarkom na poglobljenem intervjuju z vodjo, ki zaseda vodstveni položaj v podjetju X. Namen intervjuja je ponuditi vpogled v njene osebne izkušnje, stališča in ovire, s katerimi se srečuje v poklicnem okolju, s čimer bo dodatno osvetlil dejavnike, ki vplivajo na karierni razvoj in napredovanje žensk v vodstvu.The subject of the thesis is the analysis of the representation of women in management positions in the Belgian company X. The aim is to gain a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon through a combination of secondary and primary research. Secondary research will involve the collection and analysis of data from relevant sources, such as reports from international organizations, academic studies and company reports, with a particular focus on global trends, legal regulations and policies that promote gender equality, and examples of successful practices in different economic environments. The primary research will be based on a qualitative methodology, with an emphasis on an in-depth interview with a manager who holds a management position in company X. The purpose of the interview is to provide insight into her personal experiences, attitudes and obstacles she encounters in the professional environment, thereby further shedding light on the factors that influence the career development and advancement of women in management
The use of PrimeNG component library in modern web application development
Get PDFV delu obravnavamo uporabo knjižnice komponent PrimeNG v okviru ogrodja Angular ter jo primerjamo z Angular Material in NgBootstrap. Na demonstracijski aplikaciji, ki omogoča preklapljanje med knjižnicami, bomo ocenili ergonomijo uporabniških programskih vmesnikov, dostopnost, zmogljivost, izbiro barvnih shem in oblikovalskih slogov komponent in vpliv na produktivnost. Kvantitativne in kvalitativne meritve pokažejo, da knjižnica PrimeNG nudi najširši nabor gradnikov in
napredne vzorce, knjižnica Material izstopa po skladnosti s priporočili Material Design, knjižnica Bootstrap pa po preprostosti in majhni velikosti. Rezultati podajo smernice izbire knjižnice glede na zahteve projekta.In this work, we examine the use of the PrimeNG component library within the Angular framework and compare it with Angular Material and NgBootstrap. On a demonstration application that enables switching between libraries, we will evaluate
the ergonomics of application programming interfaces, accessibility, performance, color scheme selection and design styles of components, and the impact on productivity. Quantitative and qualitative measurements show that the PrimeNG library
offers the broadest set of building blocks and advanced patterns, the Material library stands out for its compliance with Material Design guidelines, while the Bootstrap library excels in simplicity and small size. The results provide guidelines for library selection based on project requirements
Artificial intelligence and digital tools in accounting: current state, opportunities and challenges
Get PDFDiplomsko delo obravnava uporabo umetne inteligence v računovodstvu in njen vpliv na razvoj ter postopno preoblikovanje računovodske stroke. V delu predstavim različne vrste umetne inteligence in njihovo uporabo pri avtomatizaciji računovodskih procesov. Poudarim tudi digitalna orodja, kot sta OCR in RPA, ki sama po sebi še ne zajemata umetne inteligence, v praksi pa že zdaj pomembno spreminjata delo računovodij.
V delu so predstavljeni procesi v računovodstvu, ki so podvrženi avtomatizaciji. Predstavljeno je tudi stanje uporabe umetne inteligence v računovodstvu v Sloveniji in njena uporaba v največjih revizijskih podjetjih (Big 4).
Prihodnji razvoj računovodskega dela z uporabo UI prinaša številne priložnosti, ki jih umetna inteligenca prinese, kot so hitrejša obdelava, večja natančnost in podpora pri odločanju, hkrati pa odpira vprašanja glede etike, odgovornosti ter varnosti podatkov.
Sklepne ugotovitve kažejo, da bo prihodnji razvoj računovodske stroke močno povezan z digitalno transformacijo in vključevanjem umetne inteligence v vsakodnevne procese. Računovodje bodo morali razvijati nova znanja in kompetence, povezane z razumevanjem tehnologij, ob tem pa ohranjati svojo odgovornost za verodostojnost ter etične standarde.This paper focuses on the use of artificial intelligence in accounting and its impact on the development and gradual transformation of the accounting profession. It presents different types of artificial intelligence and their application in the automation of accounting process. The paper also highlights tools such as OCR and RPA which, although not necessary based directly on artificial intelligence, are already significantly transforming the work of accountants.
This work presents accounting processes that are subject to automatization. It also provides an overview of the use of artificial intelligence in accounting in Slovenia as well as its application in the largest auditing firms (the Big 4).
The future development of accounting with the use of artificial intelligence brings numerous opportunities, such as faster data processing, greater accuracy and enhanced decision making support, while also raising questions about ethics, responsibility and data security.
The conclusion shows that the future development of the accounting profession will be closely linked to digital transformation and the integration of artificial intelligence into everyday processes. Accountants will need to develop new knowledge and competencies related to understanding these technologies, while maintaining their responsibility for reliability and ethical standards
Germination of garden cress as an indicator of compost maturity from spent mushroom substrate
Get PDFKompost iz izrabljenega gobjega substrata (IGS) bukovega ostrigarja (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm.) je pomemben vir za trajnostno kmetijstvo, saj omogoča recikliranje odpadnega materiala po pridelavi gob. V diplomskem delu smo s kalitvenim testom na vrtni kreši (Lepidium sativum L.) ocenjevali zrelost komposta. IGS smo kompostirali 84 dni, vzorčili na 14 dni in iz vzorcev pripravili vodne ekstrakte (1 : 10) za kalitvene teste v petrijevkah pri 25 °C. Analizirali smo indekse kalivosti in dolžino korenin ter nadzemnih delov rastlin. Skupna kalivost je bila pri vseh obravnavanjih visoka (95–99,9 %) in primerljiva s kontrolo (99,5 %). Jasne razlike so se pokazale pri indeksih kalitve, ki opišejo tudi dinamiko procesa: vzorci, kompostirani 14 in 28 dni, so izkazali fitotoksičnost, medtem ko so bili po 56 dneh rezultati primerljivi s kontrolo. V kasnejših obdobjih (70–84 dni) je kompost celo spodbujal rast nadzemnega dela, v celoti pa so bile rastline dolge 110–118 mm in primerljive s kontrolo (108 mm). Na podlagi rezultatov sklepamo, da IGS doseže primerno zrelost za uporabo kot gnojilo po najmanj 56 dneh kompostiranja.Compost derived from spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm.) represents a valuable resource for sustainable agriculture by facilitating the recycling of waste material from mushroom cultivation. This thesis evaluates the maturity of SMS compost using germination tests with garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.). The SMS was composted for 84 days, with samples collected every 14 days. Water extracts (1:10 ratio) were prepared for germination tests conducted in Petri dishes at 25 °C. Germination indices as well as root and shoot lengths were assessed.Total germination across all samples was high (95–99.9%) and comparable to the control (99.5%). However, germination indices, which describe the dynamics of the process, revealed clear differences. Samples composted for 14 and 28 days exhibited phytotoxicity, whereas those composted for at least 56 days produced results comparable to the control. At later stages (70–84 days), the compost even stimulated shoot growth, with plants reaching a total length of 110–118 mm, similar to the control (108 mm)
Business plan of the beauty salon taja nails & beauty
Get PDFPodjetništvo je danes ena izmed ključnih poti za osebni in poslovni razvoj, saj posameznikom omogoča uresničevanje idej in ustvarjanje novih poslovnih priložnosti. Čeprav je podjetniških pobud veliko, ostaja izziv, kako oblikovati uspešen koncept in ga udejanjiti v praksi. Namen je pripraviti poslovni načrt za kozmetični salon Taja Nails & Beauty, ki bo sprva specializiran za manikuro.
V teoretičnem delu smo s pomočjo domače in tuje literature proučili temeljne pojme podjetništva, pomen poslovnega načrta ter značilnosti kozmetične dejavnosti. Poslovni načrt je bil pripravljen kot orodje za oceno izvedljivosti in usmerjanje razvoja podjetja. V raziskovalnem delu smo izvedli anketo med potencialnimi strankami z namenom ugotoviti njihove navade, pričakovanja in preference pri urejanju nohtov. Z obdelavo rezultatov smo pridobili vpogled v dejavnike, ki najbolj vplivajo na odločitev za obisk salona, kot so kakovost storitev, higiena, prijaznost osebja ter modni trendi.
Raziskava je pokazala, da obstaja zadostno povpraševanje, ki podpira odprtje salona. Ugotovili smo tudi, da si večina anketiranih želi rednih mesečnih obiskov, pri čemer so najbolj priljubljene storitve permanentno lakiranje, geliranje in BIAB.
Sklepna ugotovitev je, da poslovni načrt za Taja Nails & Beauty ponuja realne temelje za uspešno odprtje salona, hkrati pa nudi usmeritve za dolgoročni razvoj, širitev ponudbe in krepitev konkurenčne prednosti na lokalnem trgu.Entrepreneurship is today one of the key paths for personal and professional development, as it enables individuals to realize their ideas and create new business opportunities. Although entrepreneurial initiatives are numerous, the main challenge remains how to design a successful concept and put it into practice. The purpose of this thesis is to prepare a business plan for the beauty salon Taja Nails & Beauty, which will initially specialize in nail care services.
In the theoretical part, domestic and international literature was reviewed to explore the fundamental concepts of entrepreneurship, the importance of a business plan, and the characteristics of the beauty industry. The business plan was developed as a tool for assessing feasibility and guiding the company’s growth. In the empirical part, a survey was conducted among potential customers with the aim of identifying their habits, expectations, and preferences in nail care. The analysis of the results provided insights into the key factors influencing the choice of a salon, such as service quality, hygiene, staff friendliness, and current fashion trends.
The results showed sufficient demand to support the opening of the salon. Most respondents expressed a preference for regular monthly visits, with permanent polish, gel nails, and BIAB being the most popular services.
The final conclusion is that the business plan for Taja Nails & Beauty provides realistic foundations for a successful salon launch, while also offering clear directions for long-term development, service expansion, and strengthening competitive advantage in the local market
From occupational challenges to sleep: examining the relationship between workload and sleep quality, and their association with workplace incivility and post-work recovery
Get PDFVsakodnevno se zaposleni srečujejo z delovnimi obremenitvami, pri čemer porabljajo energetske vire, ki jih morajo nadoknaditi v času počitka in s kakovostnim spanjem. V magistrskem delu smo izvedli dnevniško raziskavo in preučevali povezave med različnimi vrstami delovnih obremenitev (emocionalne, kvantitativne in kognitivne), sprostitvijo kot izkušnjo počitka in subjektivno kakovostjo spanja. Namen je bil tudi preučiti, kako doživljanje nevljudnosti na delovnem mestu napoveduje kakovost spanja ter možnost, da sprostitev mediira odnos med navedenima konstruktoma. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 45 zaposlenih, ki so šest dni zapored trikrat dnevno izpolnjevali dnevniške vprašalnike. Večnivojsko modeliranje omogoča preučevanje kompleksnejših povezav. Rezultati mediacijskih analiz so pokazali, da sprostitev ni pomemben mediator v odnosu med delovnimi obremenitvami in subjektivno kakovostjo spanja niti med nevljudnostjo na delovnem mestu in kakovostjo spanja na dnevni ravni. Neposredni učinek je bil ugotovljen samo pri emocionalnih obremenitvah, ki statistično pomembno negativno napovedujejo spanje na dnevni ravni. Ugotovili smo, da nevljudnost na delovnem mestu statistično pomembno negativno napoveduje sprostitev. Rezultati nam nudijo pomemben vpogled v povezave delovnih obremenitev in nevljudnosti na kakovost spanja zaposlenih ter vlogo sprostitve kot možnega mediatorja v odnosih na dnevni ravni. Rezultati spodbujajo nadaljnje raziskave z večjimi vzorci in drugačnimi mediatorji ter dejavniki, ki lahko napovedujejo kakovost spanja.Every day, employees face workloads, consuming energy resources that must be compensated for during rest and quality sleep. In this master\u27s thesis, we conducted a diary study and examined the connections between different types of workloads (emotional, quantitative and cognitive), relaxation as an experience of rest and subjective sleep quality. The aim was also to examine how experiencing incivility at work predicts sleep quality and the possibility that relaxation mediates the relationship between the two constructs. The study involved 45 employees who completed diary questionnaires three times a day for six consecutive days. Multilevel modeling allows for the study of more complex connections. The results of the mediation analyses showed that relaxation is not a significant mediator in the relationship between workloads and subjective sleep quality, nor between incivility at work and sleep quality on a daily basis. A direct effect was found only for emotional workload, which statistically significantly negatively predicts sleep on a daily basis. We found that workplace incivility was a statistically significant negative predictor of relaxation. The results provide important insights into the associations between workload and incivility on employees\u27 sleep quality and the role of relaxation as a potential mediator in daily relationships. The results encourage further research with larger samples and different mediators and factors that can predict sleep quality
Flood simulation in urban environment using geographic information systems
Get PDFNamen diplomskega dela je bil ovrednotiti uporabnost orodja ArcGIS Pro za simulacijo poplavnih scenarijev v urbanem okolju na primeru mesta Celje. V okviru raziskave so bili izvedeni štirje simulacijski scenariji, ki so zajemali različne padavinske razmere, od obdobja brez padavin do intenzivnih in dolgotrajnih nalivov. S tem je bilo mogoče preučiti prostorsko in časovno dinamiko zadrževanja padavinskih voda ter oceniti, v kolikšni meri orodje uspešno zajame ključne dejavnike, ki vplivajo na pojav urbanih poplav, kot so topografija, prepustnost površin, infrastrukturne ovire in smer gravitacijskega toka vode.
Rezultati kažejo, da ArcGIS Pro omogoča realistične simulacije, ki ponujajo vpogled v kompleksne procese odtoka in akumulacije padavinskih voda. Ugotovitve potrjujejo praktično uporabnost orodja pri načrtovanju prostorskih in hidrotehničnih ukrepov za zmanjševanje poplavne ogroženosti, hkrati pa nakazujejo možnosti za nadaljnjo nadgradnjo modelov z vključevanjem dodatnih okoljskih in infrastrukturnih podatkov.The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the applicability of ArcGIS Pro for simulating flood scenarios in an urban environment, using the city of Celje as a case study. Within the research, four simulation scenarios were carried out, encompassing different rainfall conditions – from dry periods to intense and prolonged downpours. This made it possible to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of stormwater retention and to assess the extent to which the tool successfully captures key factors influencing the occurrence of urban flooding, such as topography, surface permeability, infrastructural obstacles, and the direction of gravitational water flow.
The results show that ArcGIS Pro enables realistic simulations that provide insight into the complex processes of runoff and stormwater accumulation. The findings confirm the practical usefulness of the tool in planning spatial and hydrotechnical measures to reduce flood risk, while also indicating possibilities for further model improvements by incorporating additional environmental and infrastructural data
Reduction of the amount of noble metals in deoxo catalysts for the production of hydrogen
Get PDFZ naraščajočim globalnim interesom za brezogljične vire energije postaja vodik pomemben nosilec prihodnje energetske tranzicije. Trenutno se večina vodika še vedno proizvaja iz fosilnih goriv s postopki, ki povzročajo emisije toplogrednih plinov, vendar se kot trajnostna alternativa vse bolj uveljavlja elektroliza vode. Elektrolitski razcep vode ob prisotnosti električne energije omogoča proizvodnjo čistega vodika (t. i. zeleni vodik), v kolikor je elektrika pridobljena iz obnovljivih virov. Za učinkovito uporabo zelenega vodika je ena ključnih zahtev ustrezno čiščenje plina, saj vodik pogosto vsebuje sledove kisika, ki je stranski produkt elektrolize. Prisotnost kisika lahko negativno vpliva na delovanje občutljivih naprav, kot so gorivne celice, zato je potrebna njegova odstranitev. Eden izmed uveljavljenih pristopov za to je uporaba deokso katalizatorjev, ki omogočajo rekombinacijo vodika in kisika v vodo. Tradicionalno se za te katalizatorje uporabljajo plemenite kovine, kot je paladij, ki zagotavlja visoko aktivnost, vendar so njihova cena in omejena razpoložljivost pomembni omejitveni dejavniki.
V sodobnem razvoju materialov se zato vse več pozornosti posveča optimizaciji katalizatorjev, kjer se preučujejo možnosti delne nadomestitve žlahtnih kovin z bolj dostopnimi elementi, kot je baker. Uporaba bakra v kombinaciji s paladijem lahko pripomore k zmanjšanju stroškov in izboljšanju stabilnosti katalizatorjev, ob ohranjanju ali celo izboljšanju katalitske učinkovitosti. Pomembno vlogo pri tem ima izbira nosilca, kot sta Al2O3 ali TiO2, ter način priprave in porazdelitve aktivnih komponent. Celostno razumevanje delovanja teh sistemov vključuje vpliv procesnih parametrov, kot sta temperatura in pretok plinov, ki lahko bistveno vplivata na konverzijo kisika.With the growing gobal interest in carbon-free energy sources, hydrogen is emerging as a key energy carrier for the future energy transition. Currently, the majority of hydrogen is still produced from fossil fuels through processes that emit greenhouse gases, but water electrolysis in increasingly gaining attention as a sustainable alternative. Electrolytic water splitting using electrical energy allows the production of clean hydrogen (green hydrogen) when electricity is generated from renewable sources. A critical requirement for effective use of green hydrogen is adequate gas purification, as hydrogen produced in in this way often contains trace amounts of oxygen as a by-product. The presence of oxygen can negatively impact the performance of sensitive devices such as fuel cells, making its removal essential. One established approach is the use of deoxo catalysts, which promote the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen into water. Traditionally, noble metals such as palladium have been used for these catalyst duess to their high activityhowever, their high cost and limited availability are major limitations.
In the modern development of materials, increasing attention is beimg given to optimizing catalysts by partially replacing noble metals with more accessible elements such as copper. The addition of copper to palladium-based systems can reduce cost and enhance stability while maintaining or even improving catalytic efficiency. The choice of support material, such as Al2O3 or TiO2, and the method of preparation and distribution of active components play essential role in this process. Comprehensive understanding of such systems also includes studying process parameters like temperature and gas flow rate, which significantly affect oxygen conversion