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Challenges faced by practitioners in working with students with special educational needs
Get PDFPodročje dijakov s posebnimi potrebami v srednješolskem izobraževanju v Sloveniji ostaja slabo raziskano, saj se strokovna obravnava večinoma osredotoča na zgodnjo obravnavo ter osnovnošolsko izobraževanje. Posledično so prilagoditve v srednjih šolah pogosto neposredno prenesene iz osnovne šole, čeprav novo okolje zahteva drugačne pristope.
Namen raziskave je bil preučiti, kako srednje šole prilagajajo okolje dijakom s posebnimi potrebami in s kakšnimi izzivi se pri tem soočajo strokovni delavci.
V teoretičnem delu so predstavljeni zakonski okvir, pomen inkluzije, individualizirani programi in potreba po strokovni podpori.
V empiričnem delu smo ugotovili, da se dijaki vključujejo v različne programe glede na vrsto in stopnjo motnje, prilagoditve pa so najpogosteje podaljšan čas, prilagojena gradiva in prostorske spremembe. Glavne težave, ki jih navajajo strokovni delavci, so dodatna obremenitev, pomanjkanje časa in strokovne usposobljenosti.
Rezultati potrjujejo potrebo po celostnem, individualiziranem pristopu, ter večji podpori strokovnim delavcem za uspešno vključevanje dijakov s posebnimi potrebami v srednješolski prostor.The topic of students with special needs in secondary education in Slovenia remains insufficiently researched, as professional focus is primarily directed toward early intervention and primary education. As a result, adaptations in secondary schools are often directly transferred from primary schools, even though the new environment requires different approaches.
The purpose of the study was to examine how secondary schools adapt the environment to students with special needs and what challenges professional teaching staff face in doing so.
The theoretical part presents the legal framework, the importance of inclusion, individualized programs, and the need for professional support.
In the empirical part, it was determined that students participate in various programs depending on the type and degree of their disability, with the most common accommodations being extended time, adapted materials, and spatial modifications. The main problems listed by professional teaching staff are additional workload, lack of time, and lack of professional training.
The results highlight the need for a comprehensive, individualized approach and greater support for educators to successfully include students with special needs in secondary education
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic-zeolite nanocomposite based on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles
Get PDFMagnetno-zeolitni nanokompozit združuje magnetne in adsorpcijske lastnosti, kar je zelo uporabno pri odstranjevanju mikroplastike in nanoplastike iz odpadnih voda. Namen tega diplomskega dela je bila sinteza in karakterizacija magnetno-zeolitnega nanokompozita pri treh različnih pH vrednostih: 4, 7 in 9. Na začetku smo s soobarjalno metodo sintetizirali magnetne nanodelce, ki smo jih kasneje funkcionalizirali s tetraetil ortosilikatom. S funkcionalizacijo magnetnih nanodelcev smo izboljšali njihovo stabilnost in preprečili aglomeracijo ter posedanje. S pomočjo funkcionaliziranih magnetnih nanodelcev smo nadalje z zeolitom 4A sintetizirali magnetno-zeolitni nanokompozit. Vzorce smo okarakterizirali s termogravimetrično analizo, Fourierjevo transformirano infrardečo spektroskopijo in dinamičnim sipanjem svetlobe, na določenih vzorcih smo opravili površinsko in transmisijsko elektronsko mikroskopijo ter BET meritve. Najboljše rezultate smo dobili pri magnetno-zeolitnem nanokompozitu, ki je bil sintetiziran pri pH 7. Ta nanokompozit bi se najbolje izkazal pri čiščenju odpadnih voda.The magnetic-zeolite nanocomposite combines magnetic and adsorptive properties, making it highly useful for the removal of microplastics and nanoplastics from wastewater. The aim of this thesis was the synthesis and characterization of a magnetic-zeolite nanocomposite at three different pH values: 4, 7, and 9. Initially, magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized using the co-precipitation method, followed by their functionalization with tetraethyl orthosilicate. The functionalization of the magnetic nanoparticles improved their stability and prevented agglomeration and sedimentation. Using the functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and zeolite 4A, the magnetic-zeolite nanocomposite was synthesized. The samples were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. For selected samples surface and transmission electron microscopy and BET measurements were also performed. The best results were observed for the magnetic-zeolite nanocomposite synthesized at pH 7. This nanocomposite would perform most effectively in wastewater treatment
Organizacija javne oblasti v državah članicah EU: je nacionalna institucionalna avtonomija samo mit?
Get PDFV prispevku so obravnavane meje nacionalne institucionalne avtonomije, ki jih je treba upoštevati pri organizaciji javne oblasti v državah članicah EU. Obravnavane so zlasti v kontekstu vertikalne delitve pristojnosti, glavno vprašanje pa je, katera načela in pravila je treba upoštevati pri oblastnem določanju pristojnosti regionalnih in lokalnih oblasti, torej v okviru organizacije regionalne in lokalne samouprave. Avtor upošteva posebno naravo in značilnosti EU in njenega prava, vključno z načeli, ki so bistvenega pomena, ter evropeizacijo javnega prava. V tej zvezi utemelji stališče, da kljub uveljavitvi načela nacionalne institucionalne avtonomije v sodni praksi, in kljub določbi PEU o spoštovanju nacionalne identitete, ki je neločljivo povezana s temeljnimi političnimi in ustavnimi strukturami držav članic, vključno z regionalno in lokalno samoupravo, njihova avtonomija na tem področju ni absolutna. Zato meni, da je lahko v opisanem kontekstu uporaba pojma »avtonomija« nehote zavajajoča in namesto njega predlaga uporabo pojma »pristojnost« držav članic.This article discusses the limits of national institutional autonomy which must be considered when organizing systems of public authority in Member States. The limits are discussed in particular in the context of vertical division of competences. The main question is which legal principles and rules must be considered when defining competences of regional and local authorities, that is to say, in the context of regional and local self-government. The author takes into account the special nature and characteristics of the EU and its law, including fundamental legal principles and the process of Europeanization of public law. In this regard, the author justifies the thesis that in spite of the establishment of principle of national institutional autonomy in the case law and in spite of the TEU’s provision on respect of national identity, which is inherent in Member States’ fundamental structures, political and constitutional (inclusive of regional and local selfgovernment), their autonomy in the discussed field is not absolute. Therefore, the author considers that in the described context, the use of the term "autonomy" can be unintentionally misleading and suggests the use of the term "competence" of the Member States instead
Analysis of the use of force and related injuries in the slovenian police (2013–2023)
Get PDFSlovenska policija deluje kot organ v sestavi Ministrstva za notranje zadeve Republike Slovenije in izvaja naloge, ki so v očeh javnosti običajno videne kot represivne. Ena izmed osrednjih nalog policije je varovanje osebne varnosti in varnosti premoženja, vzdrževanje javnega reda in zagotavljanje splošne varnosti v demokratični družbi, kar pogosto vključuje ukrepanje v situacijah, kjer je nujna uporaba prisilnih sredstev. Ta sredstva predstavljajo pomembno orodje policistov pri obvladovanju posameznikov ali množic, ki ogrožajo varnost ljudi, premoženja ali javni red. Uporaba prisilnih sredstev je strogo zakonsko opredeljena in podvržena načelu sorazmernosti, saj posega v temeljne človekove pravice in svoboščine.
V empiričnem delu smo izvedli analizo uporabe prisilnih sredstev po policijskih upravah v Sloveniji, pri čemer smo primerjali trende njihove uporabe, pogostost posameznih oblik prisilnih sredstev ter z njimi povezane poškodbe policistov in kršiteljev. Poleg tega smo preverili, ali sta epidemija COVID-19 in begunska kriza povzročili občutne razlike v uporabi prisilnih sredstev, tako zoper posameznike kot tudi zoper množico. Po analizi smo testirali hipoteze in napisali zaključek, v katerem smo primerjali ugotovitve. Z ugotovitvami te naloge želimo prispevati k boljšemu razumevanju trendov uporabe prisilnih sredstev ter z njimi povezanih poškodb v Sloveniji.The Slovenian Police operates as a body within the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Slovenia and performs tasks that are often perceived by the public as repressive. One of its central functions is the protection of personal safety and property, the maintenance of public order, and the provision of general security in a democratic society, which frequently involves interventions requiring the use of force. These measures represent an important tool for police officers when dealing with individuals or groups that endanger the safety of people, property, or public order. The police use of force is strictly regulated by law and subject to the principle of proportionality, as it interferes with fundamental human rights and freedoms.
In the empirical part of the thesis, we analysed the use of coercive measures by police directorates in Slovenia, comparing trends in their application, the frequency of individual types of measures, and the related injuries of police officers and offenders. Furthermore, we examined whether the COVID-19 pandemic and the migration crisis caused significant differences in the use of force, both against individuals and against groups. After conducting the analysis, we tested the hypotheses and formulated conclusions based on the findings. With the results of this thesis, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of the trends in the use of force and the injuries associated with it in Sloveni
Music, music schools and (hidden) victimization
Get PDFV magistrskem delu je bila obravnavana prisotnost zlorab in neprimernega vedenja v glasbenoizobraževalnih institucijah. Raziskava se je osredotočila na izkušnje posameznikov, ki so se v teh ustanovah izobraževali ali pa se še izobražujejo, in na vprašanja, kako pogosto se dogajajo primeri zlorabe, kdo jih doživlja ter kako nanje reagirajo. Poudarek je bil tudi na tem, kako takšne situacije vplivajo na posameznika in kakšna je vloga institucij pri odzivanju na prijave. V teoretičnem delu so bile predstavljene značilnosti glasbene vzgoje, kjer je odnos med učiteljem in učencem pogosto zelo oseben, dolgoročen in močno odvisen od zaupanja. Takšna razmerja lahko omogočijo kakovosten umetniški razvoj, hkrati pa pomenijo tudi večjo možnost, da pride do manipulacije, pritiska ali neprimernega vedenja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 91 posameznikov z različnimi izkušnjami v glasbenem izobraževanju. Skoraj 41 % jih je poročalo, da so bili žrtev ali priča zlorabam. Največ tovrstnih primerov je bilo zaznanih na srednji stopnji glasbenega izobraževanja. Le dve osebi sta podali prijavo. Odzivi institucij so bili pogosto ocenjeni kot pomanjkljivi. Rezultati kažejo, da je prijavljanje redko, predvsem zaradi strahu, nezaupanja in občutka, da se ne bo nič spremenilo. Zato se v zaključku naloge poudarja nujnost sistemskih sprememb: uvedba jasnih postopkov, usposabljanje pedagoškega kadra in ustvarjanje okolja, kjer bo mogoče o zlorabah govoriti varno in brez posledic.The master\u27s thesis discusses the presence of abuse and inappropriate behavior in music education institutions. The research focused on the experiences of individuals who had studied in these institutions, and addressed how often such situations occur, who is affected by them, and how people and institutions respond. Emphasis was also placed on how these situations impact individuals and what role the institutions play. The theoretical part presented the specifics of music education where the relationship between the teacher and the student is often very personal, long-term and based on trust. While such relationships can foster quality artistic development, they also carry a greater risk of manipulation, pressure, or inappropriate conduct. The empirical part of the study included 91 participants with various experiences in music education. Almost 41 % of respondents reported having been victims or witnesses of abuse. The highest number of such cases was observed at the secondary level of music education. Only two individuals decided to file a report. Institutional responses were frequently assessed as inadequate. The results indicate that reports are rarely made, mainly due to fear, mistrust, and the feeling that speaking up would not change anything. The conclusion highlights the urgent need for systemic improvements: establishing clear reporting procedures, educating teaching staff, and creating an environment where abuse can be discussed safely and without the fear of consequences
Air quality at the workplace and its impact on health
Get PDFV današnjem času predstavlja onesnaženje zraka z emisijami trdnih delcev (PM), zlasti PM10, resen okoljski in zdravstveni problem. Ti delci nastajajo predvsem v industrijskih proizvodnih procesih ter imajo neposreden vpliv na kakovost zraka in zdravje zaposlenih. Cilj diplomskega dela je poglobljeno preučiti vpliv teh emisij na delovno okolje ter razviti učinkovite metode za njihovo zaznavanje, nadzor in zmanjšanje. Analiza vključuje identifikacijo glavnih virov emisij v industriji, kot sta gradbeništvo in predelava kovin, ter oceno tveganj, ki jih predstavljajo za zdravje delavcev. Posebna pozornost je namenjena tehnologijam za zmanjševanje emisij, kot so napredni filtrirni sistemi, prezračevalni sistemi, merilne naprave in optimizacija delovnih procesov. Namen raziskave je podati konkretne predloge za izboljšanje kakovosti zraka v industrijskih obratih, zmanjšanje izpostavljenosti nevarnim delcem in s tem izboljšanje delovnih pogojev ter prispevati k večji okoljski trajnosti proizvodnih dejavnosti.Air pollution caused by particulate matter (PM) emissions, especially PM10, represents a serious environmental and health issue in today’s world. These particles are primarily generated in industrial production processes and have a direct impact on air quality and workers’ health. The aim of this thesis is to thoroughly examine the effects of these emissions on the working environment and to develop effective methods for their detection, control, and reduction. The analysis includes identifying the main sources of emissions in industries such as construction and metal processing, as well as assessing the health risks they pose to workers. Special attention is given to emission reduction technologies, including advanced filtration systems, ventilation systems, measuring devices, and process optimization. The purpose of the research is to provide concrete recommendations for improving air quality in industrial facilities, reducing exposure to hazardous particles, thereby improving working conditions, and contributing to the overall environmental sustainability of industrial operations
Največja otrokova korist in digitalizacija izobraževanja
Get PDFThis article explores the relationship between the principle of the best interests of the child on the one hand and the right to education in the digital environment on the other hand. It presents and provides a comparison of national and international legal frameworks regarding the best interests of the child and the right to education. The main objective of the article is to identify and analyse the advantages as well as the disadvantages of the digitalization of education, taking into account the conditions of the best interests of the child, for a more efficient implementation of the rights of the child in the digital environment. In addition, the article attempts to explain the impacts and consequences of the digitisation of education. The aim of the article is to analyse and present the contribution of the digital environment to the child\u27s long-term best interests.Članek raziskuje razmerje med načelom največje koristi otroka na eni strani ter pravico do izobraževanja v digitalnem okolju na drugi strani. Predstavlja in primerja nacionalne in mednarodne pravne okvire glede načela največje koristi otroka in pravice do izobraževanja. Glavni cilj članka je identificirati in analizirati prednosti ter slabosti digitalizacije izobraževanja, ob upoštevanju pogojev največje koristi otroka, za učinkovitejšo izvajanje pravic otroka v digitalnem okolju. Poleg tega članek poskuša pojasniti vplive in posledice digitalizacije izobraževanja. Namen članka je analizirati in predstaviti prispevek digitalnega okolja k dolgoročni koristi otroka
A deep learning approach for drone detection using camera and radar data
Get PDFV magistrskem delu je bila predstavljena metoda za zaznavanje brezpilotnih letalnikov, ki združuje optično kamero in radar. V optičnem podsistemu so bili objekti zaznavani z uporabo algoritma YOLOv8, implementiranega na energijsko učinkoviti platformi NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano, ki omogoča obdelavo v realnem času. Radarski podsistem temelji na FMCW radarju, ki izkorišča Dopplerjev pojav pri frekvenci 10 GHz in pasovni širini 500 MHz, kar omogoča natančno merjenje razdalje in hitrosti. Eksperimentalni rezultati so pokazali, da združevanje optičnih in radarskih podatkov poveča robustnost in zanesljivost zaznavanja brezpilotnih letalnikov v različnih okolijskih pogojih.This master\u27s thesis presents a method for drone detection that using a system that integrates an optical camera and a radar. In the visual subsystem, objects were detected with the YOLOv8 algorithm, implementeed on the energy-efficient NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano platform, enabling real-time processing. The radar subsystem is based on an FMCW radar exploiting the Doppler effect, operating at 10 GHz with a 500 MHz bandwidth, which allows precise range and velocity estimation. Experimental results showed that combining visual and radar data increases the robustness and reliability of drone detection in diverse environmental conditions
Assessing acute pancreatitis
Get PDFAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the exocrine part of the pancreas, resulting in self-digestion and destruction of exocrine tissue. The intricate relationship between exocrine and endocrine functions is pivotal, as damage to acinar cells can affect endocrine cell function and vice versa. However, our understanding of these interactions remains limited. An effective strategy for investigating pancreatic cells involves the utilization of live in-situ acute mouse pancreas tissue slice preparations, combined with noninvasive fluorescent calcium labeling of endocrine or exocrine cells, and subsequent analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Nevertheless, this approach encounters inherent conflicts with conventional methodologies employed to histologically assess the severity of tissue damage due to AP in the model. Traditional methods involve fixing and staining tissue samples with hematoxylin and eosin, thereby precluding live-cell imaging. In this study, our objective was to introduce an innovative method utilizing a commercial fluorescence Live/Dead assay that enables calcium imaging and tissue damage assessment in the same sample. This approach was validated against the classical histological grading of AP severity, and we found a good correlation between the classical histological grading method and the in-situ approach employing the Live/Dead assay. The primary advantage of our novel approach lies in its capacity to enable timely and efficient live-cell imaging together with damage assessment in the same tissue, thereby enabling the study of functional consequences of structural damage at the cellular level and reducing the number of animals required for experimentation
The importance and role of leadership in employee development in a restaurant x
Get PDFDiplomsko delo obravnava vlogo voditeljstva pri razvoju in usposabljanju zaposlenih v restavracijski dejavnosti. Teoretični del opisuje pomen voditeljstva, vpliv vodij na profesionalno rast zaposlenih ter specifične izzive v gostinskem sektorju. Poseben poudarek je na potrebi po stalnem strokovnem razvoju in prilagajanju novim trendom in tehnologijam. Empirični del temelji na rezultatih ankete in intervjujev z vodji restavracij, ki kažejo na obstoječe prakse, pomanjkljivosti in priložnosti za izboljšave. Zaključki potrjujejo pomen strateškega pristopa k usposabljanju ter aktivno vlogo vodij pri motiviranju in razvoju kadrov.The thesis explores the role of leadership in the development and training of employees in the restaurant industry. The theoretical section discusses the importance of leadership, the influence of leaders on employees’ professional growth, and specific challenges in the hospitality sector. Special emphasis is placed on the need for continuous professional development and adaptation to new trends and technologies. The empirical section is based on the results of surveys and interviews with restaurant managers, highlighting current practices, shortcomings, and opportunities for improvement. The conclusions confirm the importance of a strategic approach to training and the active role of leaders in motivating and developing personnel