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Process of deinstitutionalisation of residential care institutions
Get PDFV zaključnem delu smo opisali kratko zgodovino razvoja vzgojnih zavodov v Sloveniji v obdobju po drugi svetovni vojni, kjer ugotovimo, da že štirideset let ni bilo vsebinskih sprememb na področju dela z otroki s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi težavami in motnjami, temveč le bolj ali manj arhitekturnih preobrazb ustanov. Po skoraj pol stoletja je bil sprejet nov zakon, ki ureja celovito obravnavo otrok in mladostnikov s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi težavami in motnjami. V nadaljevanju opredelimo kdo so otroci s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi težavami in motnjami in kdo ali kaj vpliva na razvoj težav oziroma motenj. V osrednjem delu spoznamo proces in diskurze deinstitucionalizacije v vzgojnih zavodih. Deinstitucionalizacija je kompleksen, dolgotrajen in predvsem družbeni proces pri katerem strmimo k zapiranju totalnih ustanov in k ustvarjanju oskrbe v skupnosti z ustanavljanjem služb, ki nadomestijo institucije. Deinstitucionalizacija kot glavna teoretska premisa pod katero spadajo diskurzi normalizacije, regionalizacija, decentralizacija, diferenciacija, individualizacija, socialno vključevanje, participacija, opolnomočenje – usmerjenost v vire in v življenjski svet otrok in mladostnikov usmerjena socialno pedagoška pomoč je glavna ideja novo nastalih strokovnih centrov. Strokovni centri so pomemben člen v razvoju diferencirane, ustrezne in v posebne potrebe otrok in mladostnikov s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi težavami in motnjami usmerjene pomoči.In the final thesis, we described a brief history of the evolution of juvenile education institutions in Slovenia in the period after the Second World War, where we find out that there hasn’t been any change in content on the field of working with behaviourally and emotionally difficult children for forty years, only architectural changes of institutions. After nearly half a century, a new law was passed, which regulates the comprehensive treatment of children and adolescents with emotional and behavioural difficulties and disorders. In the following, we define who are the children or adolescents with emotional and behavioural difficulties, and who or what influences the development of difficulties or disorders. In the central part, we get to know the process and discourse of deinstitutionalization in juvenile education institutions. Deinstitutionalization is a complex, long-lasting, and foremost social process in which we aim at closing total institutions and creating care in the community with the creation of jobs that substitute institutions. Deinstitutionalization as the main theoretical premise under which discourses of normalization, regionalisation, decentralisation, differentiation, individualization, social integration, participation, and empowerment fall – directedness in resources and socially pedagogical help focused on the worldview of children or adolescents is the main idea of newly formed professional centres. Professional centres are an important part of the development of differentiated, appropriate, and special needs-oriented assistance of children or adolescents with emotional and behavioural difficulties and disorders
Hydrothermal separation of valuable compounds from mistletoe (Viscum album)
Get PDFV magistrskem delu je predstavljena učinkovitost hidrotermične ekstrakcije pri podkritičnih pogojih za separacijo vrednih spojin iz bele omele (Viscum album), ki, kot parazitska rastlina, predstavlja odpadno biomaso. Preučili smo vpliv procesnih parametrov: temperature (100, 125, 150 in 180 °C), razmerja med materialom in topilom (1:10 ter 1:5) in časa ekstrakcije (10, 30 in 60 minut) na izkoristek ekstrakcije, sestavo in aktivnost ekstrakta. Najvišji izkoristek ekstrakcije smo dosegli pri pogojih 150 °C, trajanju 60 minut in razmerju 1:10, kjer je znašal 46,73 %. Dokazali smo, da imajo vsi ekstrakti bele omele antioksidativno aktivnost. Najvišja antioksidativnst (34,32 %) je bila izmerjena pri ekstraktu pri razmerju 1:5, temperaturi 125 °C in času 60 minut. Ugotovili smo, da ima temperatura ključno vlogo pri ohranjanju protivnetne aktivnosti rastlinskih ekstraktov. Najvišjo protivnetno aktivnost so dosegli ekstrakti, pridobljeni pri 100 °C (od 77,79 % do 88,70 %), ne glede na razmerje med materialom in vodo, pri čemer je bila aktivnost stabilna tudi ob daljši ekstrakciji. Vsebnost celokupnih fenolov v ekstraktih je bila močno odvisna od temperature, časa ekstrakcije in razmerja material:voda. Pri razmerju 1:10 je bil najvišji izkoristek (4,1 mg GA/g) dosežen pri 150 °C in 60 minutah. Pri krajših časih in višjih temperaturah pa je bila vsebnost nižja zaradi možne toplotne degradacije. Vsebnost celokupnih flavonoidov v ekstraktih je bila močno odvisna od temperature in časa ekstrakcije. Pri razmerju 1:10 je bil najvišji izkoristek (3,4 mg QU/g) dosežen pri 150 °C po 60 minutah. Krajši časi pri višjih temperaturah so pokazali nižjo vsebnost (od do), kar nakazuje na možno toplotno degradacijo spojin. Določevali smo tudi antihiperglikemično aktivnost pri ekstraktih, ki so pri razmerju 1:5 pokazali visoko stopnjo aktivnosti. Najvišjo antihiperglikemično aktivnost smo dosegli pri razmerju 1:5, procesnimi pogoji 150 °C ter 60 min, in je znašala 81,81 %. S HPLC analizo smo ugotavljali prisotnost določenih fenolnih spojin v ekstraktih. Ugotovili smo prisotnost petih pomembnih fenolnih spojin (klorogenske kisline, kofeinske kisline, epikatehina, epigalokatehin galata in galne kisline) ter kofeina in prišli do zaključka, da je dvostopenjska ekstrakcija (kjer smo material predhodno obdelali s CO2) v tem primeru kazala manjšo prisotnost komponent, kar je kazalo na toplotno občutljivost fenolnih spojin. Z ekstrakcijo z nadkritičnim CO2 smo ekstrahirali proste maščobne kisline in olja. V ekstraktih smo zasledili palmitinsko kislino, linolejsko kislino, oleinsko kislino in druge. Ugotovili smo, da dvostopenjska ekstrakcija omogoča boljši izkoristek pri nadaljnji ekstrakciji s podkritično vodo, zlasti pri razmerju 1:10, kjer se kaže visoka protivnetna aktivnost. Kljub temu se pri višjih temperaturah in daljšem času učinkovitost zmanjša zaradi degradacije spojin. Pri razmerju 1:5 dvostopenjska metoda izboljša protivnetne, ne pa tudi antihiperglikemične aktivnosti ekstraktov.This MSc thesis presents the efficiency of hydrothermal extraction under subcritical conditions for the separation of compounds of interest from white mistletoe (Viscum album), which, as a parasitic plant, represents waste biomass. The influence of the process parameters: temperature (100, 125, 150 and 180 °C), material/solvent ratio (1:10 and 1:5) and extraction time (10, 30 and 60 min)on the extraction yield, composition and activity of the extract was investigated. The highest extraction yield was obtained at 150 °C, 60 min and 1:10 ratio, where it was 46.73 %. We have shown that all white mistletoe extracts have antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity (34.32 %) was measured for the extract at 1:5, 125 °C and 60 min. We found that temperature plays a key role in maintaining the anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts. The highest anti-inflammatory activity was obtained with extracts extracted at 100 °C (from 77.79 % to 88.70 %), irrespective of the material/water ratio, and the activity was stable even with longer extraction times. The total phenolic content of the extracts was strongly dependent on temperature, extraction time and material:water ratio. At a ratio of 1:10, the highest yield (4.1 mg GA/g) was obtained at 150 °C and 60 minutes. However, shorter times and higher temperatures resulted in lower yields due to possible thermal degradation. The total flavonoid content of the extracts was strongly dependent on the extraction temperature and time. At a 1:10 ratio, the highest yield (3.4 mg QU/g) was obtained at 150 °C after 60 minutes. Shorter times at higher temperatures showed lower contents (from to), indicating possible thermal degradation of the compounds. Antihyperglycaemic activity was also determined for the extracts, which showed, at a 1:5 ratio, a high level of activity. The highest antihyperglycaemic activity, 81.81 %, was obtained at a 1:5 ratio, 150 °C and 60 min. The presence of certain phenolic compounds in the extracts was determined by HPLC analysis. The presence of five important phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate and gallic acid) and caffeine was detected and it was concluded that the two-step extraction (where the material was pre-treated with CO2) in this case showed a lower presence of the components, which was indicative of the heat sensitivity of the phenolic compounds. Free fatty acids and oils were extracted by supercriticalCO2 extraction. Palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and others were found in the extracts. We found that the two-stage extraction gives a better yield when further extracted with subcritical water, especially at a ratio of 1:10, where a high anti-inflammatory activity is shown. However, at higher temperatures and longer times, the efficiency decreases due to degradation of the compounds. At 1:5, the two-step method improves anti-inflammatory but not antihyperglycaemic activity of the extracts
Gender differences and their impact on entrepreneurship
Get PDFPodjetništvo je ena ključnih značilnosti sodobnega gospodarstva in se lahko obravnava tako kot samostojna kot interdisciplinarna disciplina. Podjetništvo je opredeljeno kot ključ do uspeha, saj vsak posameznik, ki ustanovi novo poslovno organizacijo, vstopa v novo paradigmo podjetništva. Razlike med spoloma v podjetništvu so globalni problem, pri čemer imajo ženske manjše možnosti za podjetništvo kot moški. Neenakost spolov v podjetništvu vpliva na gospodarske, družbene in politične spremembe ter krepi stereotipe in pristranskosti, ki omejujejo udeležbo žensk v podjetništvu.
Diplomsko delo se osredotoča na preučevanje razlik med spoloma in njihov vpliv na podjetništvo, kjer smo predstavili žensko podjetništvo ter stereotipe in predsodke v podjetništvu. V nadaljevanju smo opredelili pojem podjetnik/podjetnica, razlike med podjetnikom in podjetnico v Republiki Sloveniji ter prednosti in slabosti podjetništva.
Na podlagi preučevanja razlik med spoloma v podjetništvu smo ugotovili, da obstajajo pomembne razlike v načinu vodenja in uspešnosti podjetij, ki jih vodijo moški in ženske. Moški podjetniki se pogosto soočajo z manjšimi stereotipi in predsodki v primerjavi z ženskami podjetnicami, kar jim omogoča lažji dostop do finančnih virov in poslovnih priložnosti. Kljub temu ženske podjetnice pogosto prinašajo edinstvene prednosti, kot so boljše medosebne veščine, večja empatija in boljša sposobnost upravljanja s časom, kar lahko prispeva k uspehu podjetja.Entrepreneurship is one of the key features of the modern economy and can be considered both as a stand-alone and interdisciplinary discipline. Entrepreneurship has been identified as the key to success, as every individual who sets up a new business organisation enters a new paradigm of entrepreneurship. The gender gap in entrepreneurship is a global problem, with women less likely to be entrepreneurs than men. Gender inequality in entrepreneurship affects economic, social and political change and reinforces stereotypes and biases that limit women\u27s participation in entrepreneurship.
This thesis focuses on the study of gender differences and their impact on entrepreneurship, presenting women\u27s entrepreneurship and stereotypes and biases in entrepreneurship. We further define the concept of male/female entrepreneurs, the differences between male and female entrepreneurs in the Republic of Slovenia, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneurship.
By studying gender differences in entrepreneurship, we have found that there are significant differences in the way businesses run and perform between male-led and female-led businesses. Male entrepreneurs often face fewer stereotypes and prejudices compared to female entrepreneurs, which makes it easier for them to access financial resources and business opportunities. However, women entrepreneurs often bring unique advantages such as better interpersonal skills, greater empathy, and better time management skills, which can contribute to the success of a business
Public attitudes towards artificial intelligence
Get PDFUnderstanding public attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) is crucial for shaping the responsible development and deployment of AI technologies, aligning them with public expectations, and addressing societal concerns and ethical considerations. The goal of this research was to gain a comprehensive understanding of how the public in general as well as customers in exchange process perceive AI and the factors that influence these perceptions. Our research problem based around researching the complex relationships between various aspects of AI, suchas perceived threats, societal benefits, trust in AI institutions, and overall attitudes toward AI. We laid the groundwork in the theoretical part by researching existing knowledge about theoretical foundations of attitudes, about AI, and the attitudes ofpublic towards AI. This theoretical background provided essential context for our research into public attitudes toward AI. In the empirical part, we conducted a detailed survey based on stratified sample of adult population of the Republic of Slovenia (n= 205-209) to gather data on how the public feels about AI. This involved asking participants about their views on AI as a potential threat, its societal benefits, the level of trust they have in institutions and companies responsible for AI, and their overall attitudes toward AI. In our study, we found that individuals who perceive AI as a potential threat to their jobs or privacy tend to hold more negative attitudes toward AI. Interestingly, our research revealed that whether people think AI is beneficial for society or poses risks does not have a strong impact on their overall views about AI. Equally surprising, our results suggest that trust in institutions and companies involved in AI development does not appear to be a major factor in shaping public attitudes toward AI. These findings offer a detailed perspective on how the public views AI. They carry significant implications for policymakers, businesses, and AI developers, highlighting the importance of responsible AI development. It is crucial to address personal concerns and work on building trust and confidence in AI technologies among the public
Education for future? Investigating the role of education in explaining active green engagement
Get PDFDespite extensive literature emphasizing the role of education in promoting engagement in environmental movements, international comparative research has yet to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Using data from 44,100 respondents across 28 countries in the ISSP\u27s fourth environmental module, we demonstrate that individuals\u27 willingness to pay for environmental protection (WTP) partially mediates the relationship between education and environmental public sphere behavior (PSB). Furthermore, drawing on the Quality of Government literature, we show that the link between education and WTP is significantly stronger in countries with low corruption levels, a pattern that extends to the indirect effect of education on PSB. Although the magnitude of this effect is reduced, the direct positive association between education and PSB persists even in high-corruption contexts. These findings underscore the transnational importance of education in shaping environmentally significant attitudes and behaviors, as well as the crucial role of corruption in moderating how education translates into both WTP and PSB
Problems of personality disorders in prisons
Get PDFV zaporskem okolju se osebnostne motnje pojavljajo bistveno pogosteje kot v splošni populaciji. Obsojenci z osebnostnimi motnjami se pogosto soočajo s težavami v medosebnih odnosih, čustveno nestabilnostjo, impulzivnostjo ter pomanjkanjem empatije, kar otežuje njihovo vključevanje v rehabilitacijske programe in povečuje tveganje za povratništvo. Izolacija, pomanjkanje socialne podpore, neustrezna psihološka oskrba in visoka raven stresa v zaporih pogosto še poslabšajo simptome osebnostnih motenj.
Poseben poudarek je namenjen trem vrstam osebnostnih motenj, ki so v zaporih najpogostejše ali najbolj problematične za obravnavo: mejni, antisocialni in narcistični. Mejna osebnostna motnja pogosto vodi v samopoškodovalno vedenje in konflikte z osebjem. Antisocialna je povezana z agresijo, kršenjem pravil in visoko stopnjo povratništva, pri čemer je sodelovanje v terapiji zelo omejeno. Narcistična osebnostna motnja pa pogosto ostaja spregledana, čeprav lahko pomembno vpliva na vedenje obsojenca. Pomembno vlogo ima tudi depresija, ki je med obsojenci zelo razširjena, pogosto povezana z izolacijo in dolgotrajnim prestajanjem kazni ter dodatno otežuje psihično stabilnost posameznika v zaporskem okolju.
Na podlagi pregleda domače in tuje literature delo izpostavlja nujnost večje osredotočenosti na duševno zdravje v zaporih in predlaga boljše povezovanje zaporskega sistema z zdravstvenimi organizacijami. Potrebne so reforme, ki bi vključevale individualizirano obravnavo, izboljšano diagnostiko ter uporabo sodobnih terapevtskih pristopov, kot so dialektično-vedenjska terapija, mentalizacijsko vodena obravnava ter vključevanje multidisciplinarnih timov.
Ustrezna obravnava osebnostnih motenj v zaporih je bistvenega pomena, saj prispeva k uspešnejši rehabilitaciji, zmanjšanju povratništva ter preprečuje dolgotrajno izključenost posameznikov iz družbe po prestani kazni.Personality disorders are significantly more prevalent in prison populations compared to the general public. Inmates affected by these disorders often face difficulties in interpersonal relationships, emotional instability, impulsivity, and a lack of empathy, which complicates their engagement in rehabilitation programs and increases the risk of recidivism. Factors such as isolation, lack of social support, inadequate psychological care, and high stress levels within the prison environment tend to further worsen their symptoms.
This thesis focuses on three personality disorders that are among the most common or most challenging to manage in prison settings: borderline, antisocial, and narcissistic personality disorders. Borderline personality disorder is often associated with self-harming behavior and frequent conflicts with prison staff. Antisocial personality disorder tends to manifest through aggression, rule-breaking, and a high rate of recidivism, with limited motivation for therapeutic participation. Narcissistic personality disorder often remains undiagnosed, despite its potential impact on inmate behavior. Depression also plays a significant role, as it is widespread among prisoners, often linked to prolonged incarceration and isolation, further affecting inmates\u27 mental stability.
Drawing on domestic and international literature, the thesis highlights the urgent need to address mental health more effectively within the prison system. It proposes stronger collaboration between correctional institutions and healthcare organizations, along with reforms prioritizing individualized care, improved diagnostic practices, and modern therapeutic approaches such as dialectical behavior therapy, mentalization-based treatment, and multidisciplinary support teams.
Effective treatment of personality disorders in prisons is essential for improving rehabilitation outcomes, reducing recidivism, and preventing the long-term social exclusion of former inmates
A combination of LiDAR and photogrammetry technologies to improve 3D objects capturing for visualization purposes
Get PDFV magistrskem delu smo raziskali tehnologijo LiDAR v povezavi s fotogrametrijo z namenom izboljšanja zajemanja 3D-objektov. Kombinacija teh dveh tehnologij se v industriji vedno pogosteje pojavlja, vendar je za zdaj za vsakdanje uporabnike še težje dostopna. Cilj magistrskega dela je bil raziskati možnosti uporabe kombinacije tehnologij brez profesionalne opreme. V praktičnem delu smo primerjali uporabo dveh različnih naprav ter razlike v rezultatih kombinacije obeh tehnologij v primerjavi z zgolj fotogrametrijo.In the master\u27s thesis, we explored LiDAR technology in combination with photogrammetry to improve 3D objects capturing. Combining these two technologies is becoming increasingly common in the industry, but it is still less accessible to everyday users. The goal of the thesis was to explore the possibilities of using a combination of these technologies without professional equipment. In the practical part, we compared the use of two different devices and the differences in the results of the combination of both technologies compared to photogrammetry alone
Leveraging grammarware for active video game development
Get PDFThis paper presents a grammarware-based approach to developing active video games (AVGs) for sensor-driven training systems. The GCGame domain-specific language (DSL) is introduced to define game logic, sensor interactions, and timing behavior formally. This approach ensures cross-platform consistency, supports real-time configurability, and simplifies the integration of optimization and visualization tools. The presented system, called GCBLE, serves as a case study, demonstrating how grammarware enhances modularity, maintainability, and adaptability in real-world physical interaction applications. The results highlight the potential of a DSL-driven design to bridge the gap between developers and domain experts in embedded interactive system
Comparative analysis of React and Svelte frameworks for web application development
Get PDFV diplomskem delu primerjamo ogrodja React in Svelte z osredotočanjem na njuno uporabo pri izdelavi spletne aplikacije za rezervacijo miz. V prvem delu predstavimo vse uporabljene tehnologije. V drugem delu se osredotočimo na praktično implementacijo spletne aplikacije v obeh ogrodjih. V zadnjem delu se posvetimo primerjavi med aplikacijama tako, da analiziramo ključne vidike, kot so hitrost izvajanja, poraba pomnilnika, velikost paketov ter razvijalska izkušnja. Pri tem se opremo na meritve, kot so čas nalaganja strani, odzivni čas in poraba sistemskih virov. Izpostavimo ključne ugotovitve primerjave in izpostavimo prednosti in slabosti vsakega ogrodja pri razvoju spletne aplikacije za rezervacijo miz.In the thesis, we compare the React and Svelte frameworks, focusing on their use in creating a web application for table reservations. In the first part, we present all the technologies used, including development environments. In the second part, we focus on the practical implementation of web applications in both frameworks. In the final section, we focus on the comparison between applications by analyzing key aspects such as execution speed, memory usage, bundle size and developer experience. In doing so, it measures metrics such as page load time, response time, and system resource consumption. We highlight the key findings of the comparison and highlight the pros and cons of each area with a practical example of an online table booking app
The use of martial arts as a mean of rehabilitation of prisoners
Get PDFObsojenci se pogosto soočajo z visokim stresom, depresijo, agresijo in pomanjkanjem telesne pripravljenosti, kar negativno vpliva na njihov psihološki in fizični razvoj. Športne dejavnosti, predvsem telesna vadba in borilne veščine, so v zaporskem okolju uporabljene kot orodja za izboljšanje duševnega in fizičnega zdravja ter spodbujanje osebnostne rasti. Redno izvajanje borilnih veščin pripomore k izboljšanju samokontrole, zmanjšanju agresivnosti ter razvoju prosocialnega vedenja, kar je ključnega pomena za rehabilitacijo obsojencev. Študije so pokazale, da borilne veščine pozitivno vplivajo na psihološke in fizične aspekte obsojencev, saj trening borilnih veščin izboljšuje kognitivne in čustvene samoregulacije, povečuje samozavest in pomaga pri obvladovanju stresa. Poleg tega se z vadbo zmanjšuje impulzivno in agresivno vedenje. Športni programi, vključno z borilnimi veščinami, so se izkazali za učinkovite pri izboljšanju socialnih kompetenc obsojencev ter zmanjšanju čustvenih stisk, kot sta depresija in tesnoba. Vključitev borilnih veščin v rehabilitacijske programe pripomore k večji socialni povezanosti med obsojenci, zmanjšanju nasilja in izboljšanju njihove socialne reintegracije. Borilne veščine so učinkovite pri razvoju pozitivne samopodobe, ki je ključna za uspešno reintegracijo v družbo. Programi, ki vključujejo borilne veščine, so učinkoviti pri zmanjševanju povratništva. Pomembno je, da so ti programi ustrezno vodeni, saj nepravilna izvedba lahko privede do negativnih učinkov za obsojence, predvsem v obliki povečanja nasilja v zaporih.Prisoners often face high levels of stress, depression, aggression and lack of physical fitness, which harm their psychological and physical development. In the prison environment, sports activities, especially physical exercise and martial arts, are used as tools to improve mental and physical health and promote personal growth. Regular practice of martial arts helps to improve self-control, reduce aggression, and develop pro-social behaviour, which is crucial for the rehabilitation of prisoners. Studies have shown that martial arts have a positive impact on the psychological and physical aspects of prisoners, as martial arts training improves cognitive and emotional self-regulation, increases self-confidence and helps with stress management. In addition, training reduces impulsive and aggressive behaviour. Sports programmes, including martial arts, are effective in improving the social competence of prisoners and reducing emotional distress such as depression and anxiety. The inclusion of martial arts in rehabilitation programmes helps to increase social cohesion among prisoners, reduce violence and improve their social reintegration. Martial arts are effective in developing a positive self-image, which is crucial for successful reintegration into society. Programmes involving martial arts are effective in reducing recidivism. These programmes must be properly managed, as improper implementation can lead to negative effects for prisoners, notably in the form of an increase in prison violence