Expresní Astronomické Informace
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Náboženská diskuze a vizuální kompromis : interpretace byzantských nástěnných maleb na Litvě a v Polsku
No full textThe Byzantine-style murals which adorned the interiors of Lithuanian castles and churches and were "exported" to Poland during King Wladislas II\u27s reign are regarded as reflecting religious debates. This discussion highlights the Orthodox and Catholic interference in the display and iconography of these wall paintings and constructs hypothetical roles for those who commissioned, painted and supervised the content of the interior decoration. From the late fourteenth century, attitudes towards these paintings changed over a hundred years: from passivity towards their content, to religious alterations either by Orthodox masters or by Catholic patrons or supervisors, and ended with the murals being labelled as the style of the Jagiellonian house
To be slow as turtles : on science symbiotic and pluralistic
No full textIn this polemical article, the author identifies the essential problems of the naturalistic approach as it is presented in Juraj Franek\u27s book Naturalismus a protekcionismus ve studiu náboženství (Naturalism and Protectionism in the Study of Religions; published in Czech in 2017). Franek argues that naturalism and protectionism are two irreconcilable approaches in Religious Studies. He also advocates the primacy of naturalistic science of religion and its reductionism. The author of this article shows that it is necessary to overcome the modernist divide between nature and culture (Bruno Latour) and to place the Study of Religions on an ontologically plural basis. He adapts Isabelle Stengers\u27 theory, according to which science has to be "slowed down" and made symbiotic by re-establishing contact with the world of values and public interest. Object-oriented ontology (Jane Bennett, Graham Harman) is discussed as well
Exploring teacher contributions to student argumentation quality
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of how experienced teachers contribute to student argumentation quality during classroom inquiry dialogue. Analysis of discussion transcripts, teacher interviews, and shared review of discussion video identified a set of seven teacher moves used by three experienced teachers in support of student argumentation. Analysis further suggested the moves were enlisted to serve two primary purposes – to clarify the process and the product of the inquiry dialogue
Popper\u27s ahistoricism : the case of the peloponnesian war
No full textČlánek kritizuje Popperovu projekci moderních ideálů (liberalismu, rovnostářství, humanismu) do antiky. Nesnaží se hájit Platóna ani výrazněji rozporovat Popperovy normativní závěry, pouze ukazuje, že Otevřená společnost a její nepřátelé silně idealizuje athénské demokraty a představitele tzv. "velké generace". Pozornost je věnována především starořeckému pojetí rovnosti a skupinové příslušnosti, dále také způsobům legitimizace moci, jež existovaly v pátém století př. n. l.I criticize Popper\u27s projection of modern ideals (liberalism, egalitarianism, humanism) onto antiquity. Without attempting to defend Plato or disprove Popper\u27s normative conclusions, the article shows that The Open Society and Its Enemies strongly idealizes Athenian democrats and the so called "Great Generation". Attention is chiefly paid to the ancient-Greek notions of equality and group-belonging, and to the fifth-century means of legitimizing power
The ontological status of ideal space in Leibniz\u27s theory
No full textStudie se věnuje otázce po ontologickém statusu ideálního, potažmo fenomenálního prostoru v pojetí Gottfrieda Wilhelma Leibnize. Nejprve bude ujasněno, v jakém smyslu lze podle Leibnize za prostor v pravém slova smyslu považovat primárně pouze prostor ideální, sekundárně však rovněž prostor fenomenální. Posléze se vymezím zejména vůči takovým interpretacím leibnizovského ideálního prostoru, které v něm spatřují předzvěst prostoru kantovského. Leibnizův ideální, matematický prostor zde totiž bude přirovnán spíše k prostoru suárezovskému, případně hobbesovskému, nikoli však kantovskému.This study focuses on the ontological status of ideal, or else phenomenal space from the point of view of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. First of all, it is clarified in what sense, according to Leibniz, only ideal space is to be regarded as proper space and phenomenal space can be regarded as proper space only secondarily. In addition, the study challenges some interpretations of Leibnizian ideal space, according to which it is just an anticipation of Kantian space. However, the ideal, mathematical space of Leibniz is to be likened to Suarezian, or Hobbesian, rather than Kantian space
