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Bias in primary school teachers\u27 expectations of students? : a study of general and specific bias towards SES, ethnicity and gender
Get PDFBased on teachers\u27 knowledge base of students, teacher expectations of students\u27 (future) abilities and potential are shaped, in which bias may occur. This study investigates data on multiple attributes of 535 sixth-grade Flemish students to find out (1) whether teacher expectations of students\u27 cognitive and non-cognitive attributes, of teacher-student relationships, and of parental involvement in education are biased, and (2) whether teachers differ in their expectation bias towards SES, ethnicity, and gender. By means of correlation analysis, in which we compared teacher expectations with multiple measured student attributes (i.e., their achievement test scores and self-assessments), the results showed statistically significant, positive correlations for all the attributes included, indicating an overall correspondence between teacher expectations and students\u27 measured attributes. At the same time, using an indicator of teacher expectation bias by subtracting the students\u27 measured attributes from the corresponding teacher expectations, this study highlighted an expectation bias in terms of over- and underestimation by teachers, especially with respect to teachers\u27 expectations of students cognitive attributes and parental involvement in education. Also, a specific bias in teacher expectations towards SES and gender was found
The cognitive science of the history of science
Get PDFBy looking at the case where science and religion come into direct contact, Leonardo Ambasciano\u27s book An Unnatural History of Religions: Academia, Post-truth and the Quest for Scientific Knowledge (2019) provides a way into the tangle of issues involved in understanding the cultural and cognitive mechanisms that underlie science and religion. In doing so, it lays bare how much there is to do in order to understand real-world interactions between the variety of social institutions that make differing uses of the pre-existing cognitive mechanisms that humans possess. Something of that picture can be understood in terms of the differing ways in which scientific and religious institutions alter patterns of epistemic vigilance. Scientific institutions have a tendency to put the focus upon content vigilance, while religious ones favour source vigilance. The difference is not coincidental. A focus on source vigilance makes maintaining traditions of belief independent of the accuracy of those beliefs – a task that is vital in the case of religious beliefs because their capacity to maintain prosocial behaviour is not connected to their truth
From Gnosticism to Agnotology : a reply to Robertson and Talmont-Kaminski
Get PDFThis paper is a reply to the commentaries by David G. Robertson and Konrad Talmont-Kaminski on An Unnatural History of Religions: Academia, Post-truth and the Quest for Scientific Knowledge (2019) and published in this same issue of Religio: Revue pro religionistiku. Topics discussed herein include: the need for a consilient and cross-disciplinary research programme for cognitive historiography; pseudoscience in Religious Studies; the epistemological study of disciplinary ignorance-making (or Agnotology); and cross- and inter-disciplinary proposals to support an overhaul of the field\u27s method and theory (i.e., Virtue Epistemology, Virtue Ethics, Philosophy of Expertise, Management Studies, Evolutionary Epistemology, Cognitive Historiography, History and Philosophy of Science)
The three final doctrines of Spinoza : intuition, amor Dei, the eternity of the mind
Get PDFThe study deals with the matter of three of the most puzzling doctrines of Baruch Spinoza\u27s system, the so-called \u27final doctrines\u27, which are intuitive knowledge, intellectual love of God, and the eternity of the (human) mind. Contrary to many commentators, but also in concordance with many others, this account strives to affirm the utmost importance of these doctrines to Spinoza\u27s system as a whole, but mostly to his ethical theory. Focusing specifically on the cultivation of the human mind, the paper offers partial analyses of the central notions of these doctrines and their conceptual contexts. It is argued that the cultivation of the human mind, i.e., its determination to its perfect activity, should be considered as Spinoza\u27s ultimate ethical goal, and that the mind truly only advances to this goal by means of these cognitive, affective, and intellectual transformations of thinking
Genji monogatari and popular literature of the Edo period : a case study of Nise Murasaki inaka Genji by Ryūtei Tanehiko
Get PDFGendži monogatari (Příběh prince Gendžiho) je pravděpodobně nejznámějším dílem japonské klasické literatury. Vzniklo před více než tisíci lety a někdy bývá označováno za nejstarší román na světě. Tato publikace se zaměřuje na to, jakým způsobem s dílem nakládali autoři populární literatury v období Edo (1600–1867), především pak Rjútei Tanehiko, autor dobového bestselleru Nise Murasaki inaka Gendži, který je na Gendži monogatari založen. Kniha dále poskytuje úvod do problematiky parafrází v japonské předmoderní literatuře a zkoumá také tvůrčí strategie využité v dílech, jež kreativními způsoby z Gendži monogatari čerpala. ,Genji monogatari (The Tale of Genji) was written before more than a thousand years and is perhaps the best-known work of classical Japanese literature, sometimes even dubbed as the world\u27s oldest novel. This publication explores the ways in which Genji monogatari was treated by authors of popular literature in the Edo period (1600–1867), especially Ryūtei Tanehiko, author of the contemporary bestseller Nise Murasaki inaka Genji, which is based on Genji monogatari. This book offers an introduction to early-modern Japanese literary paraphrases and examines creative strategies used in works that inventively drew from Genji monogatari
The moving body : performativity within the Sokol movement in the period of the formation of the modern Czech nation
Get PDFKniha se zabývá kulturními performancemi sokolského hnutí, které se v druhé polovině 19. století zásadně podílely na utváření české národní identity. Kulturní performance sloužily nejen k přenosu informací, ale také k modelaci sdílené subjektivní reality aktérů a diváků. Kulturní performance sokolského hnutí se vyznačovaly zvláštním důrazem na estetickou hodnotu, neboť právě ta klíčovým způsobem ovlivňuje vnímání v performanci vznikajících jevů. Národní identita byla v kulturních performancích zpřítomňována pohybujícími se těly sokolských cvičenců, jejichž fenomenálním a sémiotickým aspektům, stejně jako samotnému procesu formování identity se publikace detailně věnuje. ,This monograph deals with the cultural performances of the Sokol movement, which directly influenced the construction of the Czech national identity in the second half of the 19th century. Cultural performances helped to create a shared subjective reality of both actors and audiences and the aesthetic value of the cultural performances contributed to the succesful interpretation of performances by the audiences." National identity was created essentially by the moving bodies of the Sokol trainees. This monograph devotes particular attention to the phenomenal and semiotic aspects of the Sokol bodies and their preparations and performances in the process of national identity construction
The motivation of students and graduates to choose social pedagogy – between personal development and public service?
Get PDFČlánek přináší výsledky explorativního výzkumného šetření zaměřeného na z jištění motivací k volbě studia oboru sociální pedagogika. Data byla získána dotazníkovým šetřením u studentů a absolventů z celé ČR (n = 333). Dotazník zkoumal oblasti vnitřní, vnější a smíšené kariérní motivace. Výsledky: u většiny respondentů byla volba oboru ovlivněna vnitřní motivací. Ve struktuře vnitřní motivace se jako nejdůležitější ukázal motiv osobního rozvoje a motiv prospěšnosti pro druhé a společnost. Ve struktuře vnější motivace přikládali respondenti význam konvenčně uznávaným hodnotám, jako je stabilní příjem a sociální jistota. Naopak prestiž nebyla vnímána jako důležitá. Korelační analýza ukázala souvislost individuálně rozvojových, altruistických a oborových motivací. Obor je tedy chápán jako "pomáhající", zároveň je s ním spojen rozvoj osobního potenciálu. U vnitřní motivace nebyly z jištěny rozdíly podle pohlaví, věku, profesního statutu ani podle formy studia. Rozdíly se naopak ukázaly u vnější a smíšené motivace. U mladších respondentů a studentů v prezenční formě studia se více než u starších respondentů vyskytovala vyhýbavá motivace spojená s náhradní volbou studia. Mladší respondenti byli také více ovlivněni přáteli a známými. Pokud jde o smíšenou kariérní motivaci, jako důležitý faktor volby oboru ji uváděli starší respondenti, studenti kombinované formy studia a absolventi v praxi. Tito respondenti také víc než ostatní připouštěli, že v jejich volbě sehrál roli požadavek nadřízeného.This article interprets the results of exploratory research into the motivation of students to choose the field of social pedagogy. The study data was obtained by means of a survey of students and graduates all over the Czech Republic (n = 333). The questionnaire addressed both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as well as motivation that combined both. The results suggest that most graduates were primarily influenced by intrinsic motivation, of which the most important themes included personal development and being beneficial to other people and society as a whole. Extrinsic motivation was structured around conventional values such as financial and social security. Prestige, by contrast, was not a significant motivator. Correlation analysis showed a connection among personal development, altruism, and professional expertise as sources of motivation. The field is thus seen as a helping profession that also comes with high potential for personal growth. Intrinsic motivation was not determined by gender, age, professional status, or even the form of study. Extrinsic and combined motivation, however, were influenced by some of these factors. Younger respondents along with full time students had a higher proportion of avoidance motivation related to an alternative choice of study compared to older respondents. Younger respondents were also more influenced by their friends and social circles. Part-time students as well as older respondents and working graduates tended to have a higher proportion of combined motivation. This group was also more likely to admit that their choice of study was influenced by managerial demands and expectations
Between fiction and reality : the construction of Antreas Kordopatis\u27 literary character
No full textAntreas Kordopatis, the main character in Thanasis Valtinos\u27 novel Synaxari Antrea Kordopati, Vivlio Proto: Ameriki (1972 [1964]), emerged as an eminent literary figure in Greek post-war literature, especially due to his oscillation between fiction and reality. The aim of this paper is to examine the construction of Kordopatis\u27 character as well as the methods and literary devices that are used for it. Valtinos\u27 blurring of the lines between the real elements of Kordopatis\u27 story and the fictional ones manages to achieve a twofold effect; firstly, he constructs a fluid literary persona that is constantly transforming to conquer its dream, and secondly, he subverts the reader\u27s reception
Digitizing Dionysios Solomos\u27 manuscripts
No full textThis paper focuses on the design principles and features of the \u27Digital Solomos\u27 project, a digital edition of the corpus of Dionysios Solomos\u27 manuscripts that is currently being developed at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The digital edition in question will include digital facsimiles of almost all of Solomos\u27 draft manuscripts (provided by the institutes where they are housed) as well as digital tools to enhance the reader\u27s interaction with the digital surrogates and the transcribed text. After a brief overview of the editing traditions developed around the editorial problem of Solomos\u27 unfinished works, the paper focuses on the relationship between the digital edition under development and the groundbreaking diplomatic edition that Linos Politis envisioned and compiled in 1964. The features of the diplomatic digital edition are then described, namely its layout and the options it provides for manipulating the document facsimiles and analyzing the texts contained within them. Finally, the paper\u27s closing section refers to the design and characteristics of the digital genetic edition of Funeral Ode II, a small poem by Dionysios Solomos, which will be the first (experimental) genetic edition to be included within the \u27Digital Solomos\u27 project