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Communication papers of Moravian estates : case analysis example of communication of estates Třebíč, Uherský Brod, Veveří and Židlochovice at the end of the 18th and the eginning of the 19th century
No full textThe study is based on an analysis of the communication papers of selected manorial nobility administrations, mainly from the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, using four large Moravian estates Třebíč, Uherský Brod, Veveří and Židlochovice as examples. It is concerned with individual types of documents and the form of communication between the particular levels of instance administration
Sutor\u27s office order from the 1660s and its influence on Brno municipal documents
No full textJUC Šebastián Sutor, who worked in Brno between the years 1647 and 1666 as an urban syndic, compiled a unique office order pertaining to the principles of the administration and managing a registry. In this study, the author analyses these principles and, in the context of the research, other official municipal sources of that time and indicates that only documents of an economic and accounting character were exempted from direct supervision of the city council in the 17th century and were administered through the city accounting office (Buchhalterei). The author also states that Sutor\u27s office order, which has not thus far been subjected to any kind of research activity, is unique testimony to, at that time, the very progressive practices of the Brno syndic. These practices were followed in Brno long before they were observed in other cities and foreshadowed \u27bureaucratization\u27 of the 18th century in the sense of the orderly management of documents
Czech school students in grades 4–9 and their ability to complete morphology tasks
Get PDFStudie se zabývá řešením úloh z české morfologie (tvarosloví) žáky 4.–9. ročníků základní školy. Na základě testových výsledků byla analyzována a interpretována data získaná od více než 1600 žáků šesti pražských základních škol. Cílem bylo a) z jistit, jaká je úroveň žákovských znalostí české morfologie na úrovni relativně ustáleného pojmového aparátu, jak jej ohraničuje Rámcový vzdělávací program pro základní vzdělávání v oblasti určování slovních druhů a jejich morfologických charakteristik, a b) analyzovat a interpretovat výsledky žáků 4.–9. ročníků základních škol v testových úlohách, které byly zaměřeny na ověřování znalostí z téže oblasti české morfologie. Výsledky např. ukazují, že školní znalosti žáků z morfologie jsou vyšší než ze syntaxe – 75 % žáků základních škol 6. ročníků dokáže ve větě správně určit podstatné jméno a sloveso, 50 % žáků v 7. ročníku dokáže ve větě správně určit podmět a přísudek. Na základě těchto výsledků byly pojmenovány žákovské problémy při identifikování slovních druhů a při identifikování morfologických kategorií, které jsou tradičním pilířem morfologického vyučování (pro potřeby tohoto článku z jednodušeně nazvaným jako určování), a byly otevřeny diskusní otázky k možnému perspektivnímu řešení těchto problémů.The study deals with the completion of tasks connected to Czech morphology by Czech 4th–9th grade students. Based on test results, data from more than 1,600 students from 6 Prague schools were analyzed and interpreted. The objective was a) to establish the quality of students\u27 knowledge of Czech morphology on the level of a relatively stable conceptual apparatus as defined by the Framework Educational Program and b) to analyze and interpret the results of 4th–9th grade students on test tasks related to verifying knowledge of Czech morphology. The results show, for example, that students\u27 school knowledge of morphology is better than their knowledge of syntax: 75% of 6th-grade students at primary school could correctly identify a noun and a verb in a sentence, and 50% of 7th-grade students could correctly identify a subject and a predicate. The results enabled us to recognize the specific problems which students have with identifying parts of speech and morphological categories, both of which are traditional pillars of morphological education. In the discussion, this study asks questions which lead to some potential solutions to the aforementioned problems
Criminal records from the political office of the first instance of state administration at the beginning of the 20th century, as exemplified by documents from Humpolec
No full textThe administrative work of criminal proceedings is a rich source of information on the life of the population of a given region. Although many regulations were issued as early as the 1850s, they continued to be valid during the First Czechoslovak Republic. Changes in society and the increasing pace of life also forced an acceleration in criminal proceedings. In 1936, so-called block criminal proceedings were introduced by the government. During the Second World War, the form of accounting for criminal activity forced new regulations. An examination of documents of the former District Office of Humpolec revealed various types of documents that were typical for this kind of administrative work. Although the most frequently used term is criminal register, the meaning of it was not always clear
Lichtenštejnské knížectví v dnešním světě
No full textThe present article presents the text of a lecture given by Her Serene Highness Maria-Pia, Ambassador of the Principality of Liechtenstein to the Czech Republic, on the occasion of the "Days of Liechtenstein History in the Czech Republic" organized by the Czech-Liechtenstein Commission of Historians on 9 November 2019 at the Moravian Museum, in the Historical Hall of the Dietrichstein Palace in Brno. The lecture dealt with the position of the Principality of Liechtenstein in the contemporary world, including the legal status of Liechtenstein, issues of its involvement and involvement in international institutions, as well as selected issues on Czech-Liechtenstein relations. As the author puts it, Liechtenstein is today a prosperous country that offers its citizens social, economic and political stability. It is a country with a fully functioning labour market, a sustainable and healthy environment, a free space in all respects and with real opportunities for political participation. The text also outlines the basic characteristics of the political, constitutional and economic systems of Liechtenstein. In further sections, she then deals with some historical factors that have led to the current position of Liechtenstein in Europe and in the world. This mainly concerns the beginnings of Liechtenstein statehood, which is traditionally associated with the purchase of the Vaduz and Vaduz counties and Schellenberg territories by the Princely House of Liechtenstein in 1699/1712, but also, the ongoing impact of events from the Second World War. In Liechtenstein at that time there was a relatively strong pro-German group called the "Volksdeutsche Bewegung", but almost 95 percent of the population was in favour of maintaining independence from the Third Reich. Following the year 1945 property of citizens of Liechtenstein was seized in Czechoslovakia, something which is still understood as an unresolved question in Liechtenstein. The motto of Liechtenstein is: For God, Prince and Fatherland! Although this might sound old fashioned, it has become the motto of the success of modern Liechtenstein, a monarchy with strong civil rights. A country in which a prince with vision has successfully sought to persuade the second sovereign, the people, when necessary. A country in which people are aware of their democratic rights, also actively pursuing them and understanding work as the core of their social DNA. A country where the government is ready to take on unpopular issues and to propose solutions that are acceptable to the people. It is not a land of miracles, but is still a successful and modern country in the middle of Europe, worth living in and connected to Europe in every way
Lichtenštejnsko ve druhé světové válce
No full textThe Principality of Liechtenstein with an area of 160 km2 had 11,000 inhabitants during the Second World War. Following the Anschluss of Austria in March 1938, Hitler\u27s Germany directly bordered Liechtenstein. The unarmed principality declared its neutrality on 30 August 1939, similar to Switzerland. There was a constant danger of a German Anschluss, both from the Reich and through a local Nazi movement. But in April 1939, in a patriotic signature campaign, 95.4% of all those entitled to vote expressed their willingness to preserve the country\u27s independence. From the Reich\u27s perspective, Liechtenstein was like an appendage to Switzerland. Switzerland, however, would not have defended Liechtenstein, for reasons of neutrality. From 1940 to 1944, Liechtenstein, together with Switzerland, was completely surrounded by the Axis Powers of Hitler and Mussolini. Metal processing companies were founded at the end of 1941, the Presta company produced sleeves for Swiss anti-aircraft grenades, and Hilti Maschinenbau produced metal pieces for German auto and armaments companies. The "Volksdeutsche Bewegung in Liechtenstein" celebrated Hitler\u27s victories. But the prince, the government, the parliament, the scouts, the clergy and the vast majority of the people rejected the Nazi ideology. At the end of April and beginning of May 1945, the war came closer, as the French pushed German troops towards Feldkirch. During the night of 2/3 May 1945, 492 members of a Russian-German troop crossed the border; they were interned. On 12 May 1945, Prince Franz Josef II congratulated President Beneš. The Czechoslovak President passed Decree No. 5 on 19 May 1945. The confiscations in Czechoslovakia also affected Liechtensteiners, namely the prince, members of the princely family and 30 other Liechtenstein citizens. They all, although neutral during the war, were treated as "Germans", their property has been confiscated
Hospodářský zázrak Lichtenštejnsko
No full textThe Principality of Liechtenstein is often referred to in contemporary journalism as an "economic miracle". It is also sometimes said that Liechtenstein experienced "three golden decades" between the early 1940s and the early 1970s. Of course, the country\u27s economic development also brings with it certain negative phenomena, such as environmental damage, the breakdown of traditional values, high land prices, and dependence on labour from abroad. Nevertheless, the country\u27s economic boom is a remarkable fact worthy of attention, inter alia also in the context of economic history. In 1930, gross domestic product per capita in Liechtenstein was 30 percent lower than in Switzerland; there was major economic growth from the 1960s, and by 2000 it was 30 percent higher than in Switzerland. Liechtenstein\u27s economic growth brought about a great need for manpower, which is why many employees began to come to the country from abroad, especially from its neighbouring countries. At this time, Liechtenstein companies also began to expand beyond the borders of Liechtenstein. As of 2018, a total of 10,411 employees of companies belonging to the Liechtenstein Chamber of Industry and Commerce are reported as working directly in the country, with 58,072 employees working for Liechtenstein companies operating abroad. As for employees in the banking sector, which also experienced unprecedented growth, there were a total of 2,064 in Liechtenstein as of the year in question, and 3,800 people worked for Liechtenstein banks abroad. An important indicator of economic prosperity is the tax burden. The tax quota, i.e. state and municipal revenues and revenues from social security and health insurance premiums in relation to gross domestic product, accounted for only 19.6% in Liechtenstein in 2017. For comparison, in the USA it was 27.1% and in France 46.2% The net worth of the Principality of Liechtenstein in 2017 amounted to CHF 1,613 million at the municipal level (annual expenditure 5.9) and CHF 2,652 million at the state level (annual expenditure 3.4). Public finances have recovered even from the last financial crisis thanks to the economic programmes of 2012–2016, which is why Liechtenstein continues to maintain the highest possible financial rating
Mind and body of humanistic Buddhism in practice : a case study of the temple and community of Fo Guang Shan Vienna
No full textThe Fo Guang Shan (FGS) is an international Chinese-Taiwanese Buddhist order, whose special feature is the concept of humanistic Buddhism, through which the order expands and spreads Chinese/Buddhist culture around the world. The aim of this article is twofold. First, it attempts to contribute to the discussion of FGS\u27s efforts to globalize its philosophy and to analyse specific missionary strategies through which the order spreads its doctrine/culture and consolidates its position in originally non-Buddhist countries. Second, it attempts to provide an overview of the specific space (temple) and community of the FGS order in Vienna. In this text, I argue that the strategies that FGS in Vienna chooses for its self-presentation and to attract members from "Western" socio-cultural backgrounds are based on a well-accepted and sophisticated institutional apparatus and well-designed technologies ("mind and body" of the institution). However, there is a mismatch between the supposed concepts of humanist Buddhism and its application in the propaganda material of the Viennese temple. Furthermore, the relationship between the theoretical concepts underpinning FGS philosophy and the specific practices of the order is of a contradictory nature. The dynamics of this relationship are largely based on the behaviour of local nuns and executives of the community. The results of this study suggest that the disharmony between the philosophy proclaimed by the group and its actual practices could be the main reason that very few members of other socio-cultural backgrounds are attracted to it
