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Francouzsko-belgické komiksy/bandes dessinées ve 20. století a jak zobrazují ideál šťastného domova
Full text linkComics feature many topics – Homes or their absence are among those. No famous comic focuses on home only, many bring stories or subplots revealing the artists\u27 view. In this contribution, those views are being analysed and compared, focussing on master narratives within and interpretations of the works. A selection of comics from Belgium and France has been made limiting the research field to two of the most active/innovative markets for comics. Three of the most important comic series are being analysed, covering a time between 1929 and the 1990es: Chlorophylle, Tintin and Sibylline
Searching for the lost home : Émigré Hélène Iswolsky and her criticism of the "Soviet humanism"
Full text linkThe life topic of Hélène Iswolsky (1896–1975), Russian émigré, was her lost homeland, Russia. In her texts, she describes Russia as a profoundly spiritual nation, resisting the communist regime. Raised in a Protestant-Orthodox family, Iswolsky embraced the Catholic faith in 1921, and the Church became her second home. The personal experience of conversion profoundly affected her work: on the level of the interconfessional dialog, she strove for a better understanding between Orthodox and Catholics; on the politico-social level she stood for the creation a of a new system – anticapitalistic, anticommunist, built on the bases of the Christian ethics. The book L\u27Homme 1936 en Russie soviétique, in which Iswolsky reflects on the situation of the coeval Soviet Union, will be analyzed with regard to the political context of the 1930s. The crucial questions will concern the image of Russia the author presents, and the reception of this image by the French public
Introduction : Deus ex Machina : Transcending Esoteric Traditions through Modern Technology
Full text linkAttitudes toward homosexuality among students in lower-secondary education
Full text linkPostoje studentů k jejich odlišně orientovaným nebo genderově nestereotypním vrstevníkům jsou tématem celé řady cizojazyčných studií. Nejčastěji však byl řešen kontext terciárního vzdělávání, který poukázal nejen na nutnost se ostrakizací odlišně orientovaných studentů zabývat, ale prokázal i mnohé determinanty, které se ukázaly jako významné při tvorbě negativních postojů vůči homosexuálům. Předkládaná studie se zabývá výzkumem postojů žáků nižšího sekundárního vzdělávání k homosexualitě. V teoretické části poukazujeme na historický kontext vývoje předsudků vůči homosexualitě a věnujeme se rovněž úvodem do již proběhlých studií a výzkumů postojům k homosexualitě na různých stupních vzdělávání. Následně je předkládáno výzkumné šetření, v rámci kterého bylo pomocí standardizovaného dotazníku osloveno 316 žáků 8. a 9. tříd či tercie a kvarty na víceletých gymnáziích. I když jsou výsledky v průměru pozitivní, více než 7 % žáků stále zastává vysoce až extrémně negativní postoje k homosexuálům. Statistická významnost byla prokázána pro proměnnou pohlaví (muži zastávají negativnější postoje; hladina účinku 26 %), druh homosexuality (mužská homosexualita je vnímána negativněji) či typ navštěvované školy (žáci základních škol zastávají negativnější postoje).Attitudes of students toward people with non-heterosexual orientations have been a topic of many contemporary studies. This has been most commonly researched in the context of tertiary education, providing crucial results regarding the degree of negative attitudes toward homosexuality and uncovering many significant determinants for these attitudes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the attitudes of lower-secondary students toward homosexuality. In the theoretical part, the historical context of homosexual prejudice is briefly summarized. The study also presents a short overview of multiple research studies conducted within different levels of education. In the empirical part, we present research in which we assessed the attitudes of 316 lower-secondary students toward homosexuality using Herek\u27s Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men (ATLG) scale. Even though the average results seem positive, we found that still more than 7 percent of students hold highly negative attitudes toward homosexuals. Statistical significance was confirmed for determinants including sex – male participants have significantly more negative attitudes toward homosexuals than female participants; type of homosexuality – male homosexuality is perceived significantly more negatively than female homosexuality; and type of school attended – grammar school students have more negative attitudes toward homosexuals than elementary school students
Bachelor\u27s thesis rating as an admission criterion to the master\u27s program of psychology : a psychometrical case study
No full textV roce 2020 epidemie covid‑19 znemožnila konání přijímací zkoušky do navazujícího magisterského studia psychologie na Masarykově univerzitě formou běžného písemného znalostního testu. Zvolili jsme proto náhradní formu v podobě hodnocení bakalářských prací. Tento článek je "psychometrickou kazuistikou", která dokumentuje celý postup od tvorby hodnoticích kritérií s ohledem na obsahovou validitu přes volbu designu až po výsledky. Každou práci hodnotili dva náhodně vylosování hodnotitelé, jejichž "přísnost" byla vyvážena využitím logistického lineárního testového modelu (LLTM) v rámci paradigmatu teorie odpovědi na položku (IRT). Výsledkem byl jednodimenzionální skór, férově vyvážený napříč dvěma přijímacími termíny (n1 = 82, n2 = 48) a 18 hodnotiteli. Jeho reliabilita, rxx\u27 = 0,869, byla srovnatelná s písemnými testy v jiných letech. Přísnost hodnotitelů a obtížnost kritérií se nelišily napříč oběma termíny, výsledné hodnocení se zdá být validním ukazatelem a srovnatelně férové s písemným testem. Navržená procedura tak může posloužit jiným pracovištím a k jiným účelům, než je jen přijímací test; z těchto důvodů sdílíme analytický skript a veškeré materiály nezbytné pro replikaci celé procedury.The COVID-19 pandemic influenced admissions testing for the master\u27s degree program of psychology at Masaryk University in 2020. The administration of the standard paper-and-pencil knowledge test was not possible; therefore, we chose the bachelor\u27s thesis ratings instead. This paper is a psychometrical case study that covers the development of criteria related to content validity, design selection, and results. Two randomly selected raters evaluated each thesis, and we equated their severity using a linear logistic test model (LLTM) under the item response theory (IRT) paradigm. This procedure resulted in unidimensional and unbiased scores equated across 18 judges and 2 terms (n1 = 82, n2 = 48). The reliability was comparable to the standard tests, rxx\u27 = 0.869, and judge severity and criteria difficulty did not differ across them. The resulting ratings seem to be valid and no less fair than the written exam. The proposed method can serve other departments and other goals, not only as an entrance test. We share an analytical script and all the necessary materials to enhance the use of this method
Reception of the idea of the state as a happy home in the religious communities of the Czechoslovak Church in Brno in years 1948–1960
Full text linkYears after February 1948 was a difficult period for the Czechoslovak Church. Although the ideologically divided church had a partially negative attitude towards the communist regime, another significant part of ordinary believers and priests (including church leadership) saw the communist state as an opportunity to fulfill the idea of Christian socialism. Czechoslovakia was to become a happy home for unbelievers and Christians alike. The paper is focused on the daily life of the religious communities of the Czechoslovak Church in Brno between 1948 and 1960. It seeks answers to the questions of how the vision of the coexistence of the communist state and the Czechoslovak Church was accepted among the believers themselves at the local level and how the relationship of believers to their new home developed during the dynamic 1950s
Exile and identity : the post-Prague Spring exile in Austria and Switzerland
Full text linkJe možné cítit se Čechem i po půlstoletí života v zahraničí? Na uvedenou otázku odpovídá tato kniha, zabývající se českým exilem v Rakousku a Švýcarsku po roce 1968, a přibližuje, jakým způsobem se integrace československých uprchlíků v hostitelských zemích odrazila ve vnímání jejich národní identity. Autor vychází z analýzy archivních a orálněhistorických pramenů získaných během terénních výzkumů mezi českými krajany ve zmíněných zemích v letech 2011 a 2015. Rozbor materiálů se kromě popisu jednotlivých aspektů integračního procesu soustředí i na vysvětlení změn v identifikaci bývalých uprchlíků s českým národem. ,Is it possible to feel as a member of a nation after living half a century in a foreign country? This book, which deals with the Czech exile in Austria and Switzerland after 1968, answers the question and describes how the integration of the Czechoslovak refugees in the host country has displayed in their perception of nation identity. The monography is based on archival and oral sources acquired during field research in Austria and Switzerland conducted from 2011 to 2015. The analysis focused on the description of the process of integration of newcomers in the host countries as well as on the understanding of changes in identification of the former refugees with the Czech nation
How modern is technology? : the link between prehistoric UFOs and modern traditionalism
Full text linkIn the twentieth century, certain European elitist circles embraced Traditionalist thought, most notably promoted by its pioneer René Guénon (1886-1951). Ever since, a lose movement of like-minded people has handed down religiously-influenced theories opposing the modern world. Modern Traditionalists and modernity are thus fierce enemies. Any progress, modernization, or technological advances are to Traditionalists what regression, stagnation, and reactionary forces are to the avant-garde. So, what could be a possible link between Traditionalism and modern technology? Perhaps, the fundamental doubt of technology\u27s belonging to the modern world. From the 1960s onwards, a self-proclaimed radical Traditionalist, who was further cherished as a New Age prophet, advocated ancient technology. True to the motto \u27opposites attract,\u27 the English writer John Michell (1933-2009) had reconciled many antagonisms. By linking astro-archaeology and various speculative earth mystery theories, Michell aimed to fuse prehistoric megalithic science and flying saucers. To Michell, the rejection of modernity and its by-products did not contradict the belief in extra-terrestrial means of prehistoric technology. The aim of this paper is the exposition of Michell\u27s approach towards flying saucers as a technological means of prehistory from a modern Traditionalist and alternative archaeologist perspective
