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Same same but different? : non-traditional students and alumni in Germany
Get PDFThis article gives an overview about current research on non-traditional students and alumni in Germany. Its aim is to highlight similarities and differences with their traditional counterparts. The paper concentrates on the motivation to study, study performance, and labor market success (status and income) of those who do not hold a traditional higher education entrance certificate but entered university via occupational qualification. We show a widespread divergence in findings from no statistical difference at all to clear differences between non-traditional and traditional students and alumni. This holds true with regard to student motivation, study performance, and labor market success after graduation. We conclude that biggest challenge is the non-completion rates of non-traditional students, which poses a development task for institutions of higher education
Mature vs young working students : similarities, differences, and drivers of graduation and dropout
Get PDFThe high dropout rate among working students in higher education in Portugal, including both those who are older and at a mature stage in their professional careers and those who are young and recent workers, is one of the main concerns of educational policy. Identifying the drivers of the academic pathway for these students is essential to promote successful education and increase labour productivity and business competitiveness. Using an extensive longitudinal database of personal, course, and employment variables of 1,561 working students from a Portuguese higher education institution, we perform a duration analysis to determine and compare the factors that drive the dropout and graduation risks of mature and young working students in higher education. The results show that, in general, young working students are more positively influenced by financial aid, their motivation for the course, and the desire to find a new qualified professional career, while mature working students depend more on social and academic integration. The accumulation of knowledge/skills in the \u27out of class\u27 experience seems to contribute positively to academic performance
The relationship between academic futility and student achievement : different mechanisms for mathematics and reading literacy
Get PDFVýzkumy ukazují, že žáci odborných středoškolských programů mají horší výsledky než žáci všeobecně vzdělávacích programů i tehdy, když zohledníme jejich vstupní výsledky a rodinné zázemí. Možné příčiny tohoto jevu výzkumníci spatřují v klimatu školy. V této stati je klima školy operacionalizováno prostřednictvím kultury akademické marnosti. Zkoumáme, zda pocit akademické marnosti ovlivňuje výsledky žáků 3. ročníků g ymnázií, středných odborných škol a středních odborných učilišť v matematice a ve čtenářské gramotnosti, zohledníme-li jejich rodinné zázemí a vstupní vědomosti. Analýza využívající víceúrovňové modelování v programu MPlus je provedena na souboru 2846 žáků ze 143 tříd v 79 školách, kteří byli testováni a dotazováni na počátku středoškolského studia a potom opět v polovině 3. ročníku. Výsledky potvrzují vliv pocitu akademické marnosti na sledované výsledky a ukazují mírné odlišnosti v jeho uplatnění v obou disciplínách.Research has shown that students in vocational secondary school programs have worse results than students in general-education programs do, even when their initial results and family background are taken into account. Researchers have noted possible causes of this phenomenon in the school climate. In this article, the school climate is operationalized through a culture of academic futility. We examine whether the feeling of academic futility affects the performance in mathematics and reading literacy of third-year students at grammar schools, secondary vocational schools, and apprenticeship schools, taking into account their family background and initial knowledge. The analysis used multi-level modeling in MPlus and was performed on a set of 2,846 students from 143 classes in 79 schools who were administered tests and questionnaires at the beginning of secondary school and then again in the middle of their third year. The results confirm the effect of academic futility on student achievement and show slight differences in its effect between the two subjects
Head\u27 and \u27heart\u27 work : re-appraising the place of theory in the \u27academic dimension\u27 of pre-service teacher education in England
No full textThis paper reflects on the needs of early career, pre-service and newly qualified teachers (NQTs) in the English education system, specifically the contested place of what we term the academic dimension within their pre-service professional formation. This largely theoretical paper begins with a philosophical review of an established debate concerning the relationship between theory, research, and professional knowledge in teaching, arguing that the discussion is irreducibly normative. Hogan\u27s notion of teaching as "heart work" is extended to include "head work" and the case made for teachers developing a conceptual map as part of their professional formation to guide them in making good judgements in classrooms. From this, a pedagogical problem follows, in developing new approaches to engage teachers with theory given this is relatively absent in the English context. Four themes are identified from a brief review of existing studies concerned with engaging teachers in the academic dimension of pre-service teacher education which we relate to illustrative comments we have gathered informally from our own students which suggest they may appreciate the value of critical reflection on practice promoted by universities more than some policy makers in this context recognise. We conclude by suggesting ways in which one innovation in ITE in England with which we have been involved, Philosophy for Teachers (P4T), integrates the academic dimension and developing practice which relate to the four themes found in the review of existing literature, while focused on educational theory specifically. P4T fosters, we maintain, characteristically humanistic and relational reflection that is otherwise under-represented in professional formation for pre-and in-service teachers in England
Eroding trust in teacher professionalism : an ethnomethodological analysis of radio interviews with Czech experts on education
Get PDFSchools and teachers have been subject to a number of debates and often face contradictory demands. In this study we analyse radio interviews with three Czech experts on education. Building on ethnomethodology, namely conversation analysis and membership categorisation analysis, the study was guided by two research questions: (1) What practices and membership categorisation devices do the experts employ when speaking of Czech education and schools? and (2) How do the experts relate to teacher professionalism when characterising Czech education? The analysis shows how the expert\u27s credibility is negotiated, how they problematise gaining fundamental knowledge and skills at schools and situate the learning of "important things" outside school, and how they claim that Czech teachers teach badly while downgrading positive results of Czech schooling. This way the experts cast doubt on basic characteristics of teacher professionalism and thus undermine trust in the professional project in teaching
Epilinguistic approach of local teenagers towards the linguistic situation in Quebec
Get PDFHlavním tématem této knihy je empirické ověření obecně rozšířených domněnek týkajících se postoje mladých lidí k aktuální jazykové situaci v kanadské provincii Quebec. Analýza založená na kvantitativním a kvalitativním výzkumu v terénu (Gatineau, Montreal, Quebec, Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier) se skládá z 683 dotazníků a více než 7 hodin zvukových záznamů rozhovorů. Analýza pracuje s následujícími faktory: věk (průměrný věk respondentů byl 14,8 let), pohlaví a bydliště. Rozdělení respondentů do tří jazykových skupin následně přispělo ke zjištění, zda při diverzifikaci jejich názorů hraje zásadní roli jednojazyčnost, dvojjazyčnost či vícejazyčnost. ,The main topic of this book is the empirical verification of generally widespread assumptions concerning the attitude of young people\u27s view of the language situation in Quebec. The analysis, based on quantitative and qualitative research in the field (Gatineau, Montreal, Quebec, Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier), consists of 683 questionnaires and more than 7 hours of recorded interviews. The factors applied for the analysis were age (average of the respondents was 14.8 years), sex, and residence. The respondents were as well divided into three language groups to discover if monolingualism, bilingualism, or multilingualism is a crucial role in the diversification of their opinions
Application of cognitive research methods at the boundaries of literature and film : Ted Chiang – "The Story of Your Life" and its conceptual metaphors
Get PDFŠtúdia prezentuje aktuálne metodologické perspektívy interdisciplinárneho výskumu literatúry na hraniciach s audiovizuálnym médiom, keď prepája štúdium adaptácií a kognitívny literárnovedný prístup. Toto spojenie vzniká v neoformalistickej tradícii, ktorá zdôrazňuje často opomínanú motivovanosť umeleckého znaku v celom (technickom aj kognitívnom) procese jeho vzniku. Príspevok najprv objasní, kde a prečo sa vytvára metodologický priestor pre kognitívny prístup k adaptáciám, a následne ponúkne prípadovú štúdiu poviedky Príbeh tvojho života od Teda Chianga a jeho filmovej adaptácie Prvý kontakt s aplikáciou interdisciplinárnej metódy.The study presents current methodological perspectives of interdisciplinary research on literature at the borders with the audiovisual medium, combining the adaptation studies and the cognitive literary approach. This combination merged through neoformalist tradition, which emphasizes the often neglected motivation of the artistic sign in the whole (technical and cognitive) process of its origin. Paper will explain where and why the methodological milieu for a cognitive approach to adaptations arises, and then offer a case study of The Story of Your Life by Ted Chiang and its film adaptation Arrival with the aplication of interdiciplinary method
Modern creator in Sergey Samsonov\u27s novel The Kamlayev Anomaly
No full textВ статье рассматривается роман "Аномалия Камлаева" Сергея Самсонова. В центре внимания проблема творца и его творения. Автор максимально укрупняет понятие творчества, выводя его из сферы музыки в сферу самой жизни. Самсонов анализирует состояние человека 21 века и причины его духовного кризиса. Творчество Самсонова рассматривается в контексте нового реализма, сложившегося в русской литературе в конце 20 века. Творческий метод Самсонова также соотносится с дискуссионной концепцией метамодернизма.The article is devoted to the novel of Sergey Samsonov – The Kamlayev Anomaly. The focus is on the issue of a creative man and his creations. The author maximizes the notion of creative work, going beyond the limits of the sphere of music and bringing it to the sphere of life itself. Samsonov is trying to analyze the state of being of the 21st century human and the cause of human spiritual crisis. Samsonov\u27s writing is considered in the context of the new realism. Author\u27s creative method is also compared with the debatable concept of metamodermism
The lyrical world of "table and interior" : the topos of "everydayness embodied by things" in the Slovak poetry from 1960s to present
Get PDFPríspevok sa venuje téme vo veciach "spredmetnenej" všednej každodennosti v slovenskej lyrike, ako sa od konca 50. rokov v intenciách svojsky poňatého programu "poézie všedného dňa" a "konkretizmu" objavuje v tvorbe J. Ondruša a na úrovni osobitého lyrického toposu ju v názve svojich kľúčových zbierok Veciam na stole (1966) a Interiér (1992) programovo predznamenáva, resp. vymedzuje Š. Strážay. Autor štúdie si na vybraných ukážkach všíma, v akých výrazovo-tematických, žánrových a poetologických podobách sa topos vecí "stola a interiéru" konkretizuje a aký je jeho význam v slovenskej poézii od 60. rokov 20. storočia po súčasnosť – ako ho individuálne stvárňujú vo svojich textoch dobovo, generačne i autorskou poetikou rôzni básnici (J. Ondruš, Š. Strážay, J. Buzássy, E. Groch, J. Briškár, J. Pácalová).The contribution focuses on the everydayness embodied by things, as it started to appear in Slovak poetry by the end of the 1950s, particularly as a part of J. Ondruš\u27s idiosyncratic programe of "poetry of everydayness" and "concretism" and as it appears in Š. Strážay\u27s titles To the Things on the Table (Veciam na stole, 1966) and Interior (Interiér, 1992) which programmatically indicate "everydayness in things" as a distinctive lyrical topos. The author observes what poetological forms, forms of expression, forms thematisation, genres, the particular literary topos appears in and how significant it has become since 1960s of the previous century till present. The inquiry covers examples of individual appropriation of the topos by poets varying in generetion and poetics as J. Ondruš, Š. Strážay, J . Buzzássy, E. Groch, J. Briškár, J. Pácalová