Expresní Astronomické Informace
Digital Library of the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk UniversityNot a member yet
5825 research outputs found
Sort by
Assessment decision making in vocational education and training
Get PDFAssessment decision making is a highly contextual phenomenon. In this paper, we explore this topic in vocational education and training (VET). Thirty-eight teachers from five Norwegian upper secondary schools were interviewed before and after an 18-month research–practice partnership. To understand assessment decision making in VET, we draw on two bodies of knowledge: (a) research on teachers\u27 decision making in assessment and (b) conceptualizations of teachers\u27 professional capital. Four main findings emerged from the analysis: three assessment-related dilemmas and one professional capital-related dilemma. We then discuss how these aspects of practice affect assessment decision making and the implications for developing VET teachers\u27 decisional capital
Assessment of German and Austrian students\u27 Educational Research Literacy: validation of a competency test based on cross-national comparisons
Get PDFEducational Research Literacy (ERL) is the ability to access, comprehend, and consider scientific information and to apply the resulting conclusions to problems connected with educational decisions. It is crucial for the process of data-based decision making and–corresponding to the consecutive phases–defined as the conglomeration of different facets of competence, including information literacy, statistical literacy, and evidencebased reasoning. However, the engagement with research in educational contexts appears to have some difficulties. This is even more remarkable as the state of knowledge about actual teacher competency levels remains unsatisfactory, even though test instruments for assessing research literacy have been developed in recent years. This paper addresses the question of whether such a test developed in the specific context of German study programs in (teacher) education can be applied to other national contexts, in this case to Austrian teacher education. An investigation of the construct validity under consideration of the psychometric structure and group differences on item level is necessary for ensuring the fairness of cross-national comparisons. Based on multidimensional item response theory models, samples from Germany (n = 1360 students, 6 universities) and Austria (n = 295 students, 2 universities) are investigated in terms of measurement invariance between the two countries. A comparable psychometric structure and at least partial measurement invariance with no particular advantage for either sample could be demonstrated. This is an indication that the presented test instrument can be validly applied to assess the research literacy of teacher training students in both countries
Sensemaking unraveled: how teachers process school performance feedback data
Get PDFThe present study investigates how Flemish middle school mathematics teachers make sense of schoolperformanfeedback data from low-stakes, external standardised tests. We take an in-depth look into the interpretive steps they take, based on a conceptual model that integrates intuitive and rational aspects of individual and collective sensemaking and empirical data collected in semi-structured interviews. We describe the nature of these sensemaking processes and consider the impact of influencing factors. Our findings demonstrate that the mere availability of school performance feedback data does not spontaneously spark sensemaking, nor does it necessarily lead to improvements in instructionalpractice. Teachers\u27 sensemaking of schoolperformancefeedback data appears to be a largely intuitive process, grounded in external attributions and absent of triangulation. Challenges regarding expertise and lack of inquiry-based attitude and commitment result in superficial and often incorrect interpretations of the data that tend to remain uncorrected as teachers barely engage in collaborative professional dialogue about the data
Student guidance decisions at team meetings: do teachers use data for rational decision making?
Get PDFIn the past decade, the belief has grown that student guidance decisions can benefit from systematic data use. Systematic data use can be considered as completing the circle of inquiry (from data discussion to interpretation, to analysis, diagnosis, and action) with a reasonable depth. However, little is known about how teachers use data to inform student guidance decisions. This qualitative study analyzed the field notes of 17 teachers’ meetings that were intended to formulate student guidance decisions in secondary education. The results showed that data were used only sporadically and often not in a systematic way. Moreover, the depth of inquiry in formulating diagnoses on poor student functioning was low. These results indicate a need to raise awareness among teachers and policymakers on the stepwise and self-questioning process that data use should be in order to be effective
Plateau: dystopian vision of Vladimir Svintila
No full textThe article introduces Bulgarian author Vladimir Svintila (1926–1998) to the Czech literary milieu as a writer, whose literary works remained mostly unpublished before 1989. We focus mainly on analytical reception of his dystopian novel The Plateau (Платото, 2012), its manuscript was written in 1963–1964. The presented text tries to put Svintila\u27s literary dystopia into the context of Bulgarian and World literature, and reveal some characteristic signs, which other texts considered as dystopias usually have in common.Článek uvádí do českého prostředí málo známého bulharského autora Vladimira Svintilu (1926– 1998), jehož literární tvorba zůstala z větší části před rokem 1989 nevydána. Hlavní pozornost je věnována analytické recepci dystopického románu Náhorní plošina (Платото, 2012), jehož rukopis vznikl v letech 1963–1964. Předkládaný text se pokouší Svintilovu románovou dystopii zasadit do širšího kontextu bulharské i světové literatury, načež si všímá některých společných znaků s některými ostatními texty, které bývají do žánru dystopie literární vědou řazeny
Dimcho Debelyanov between neo-romanticism and symbolism : above the Czech reception of the work of a "silent" poet
No full textThe article deals with the artistic profile of Dimcho Debelyanov (1887–1916) as a "silent" poet of elegiac tonality. The development of poetics oscillating between neo-romanticism and symbolism is outlined together with several examples from his poetry. An overview of the reception of his poetic work in the Czech environment is also given. Special attention is paid to the symbolist poem Legenda za razbludnata carkinja (1914), the meaning of which can be interpreted as an image of the sinful soul of a lyrical subject who longs in vain for purification and redemption. Attached is the first Czech translation of this poem, called The Legend of the Adulterous Queen, by Ludmila Kroužilová.Stať se zabývá uměleckým profilem Dimča Debeljanova (1887–1916) jakožto "tichého" básníka elegické tonality. Vývoj poetiky oscilující mezi novoromantismem a symbolismem je nastíněn spolu s několika ukázkami z jeho lyriky. Je rovněž podán přehled recepce jeho básnického díla v českém prostředí. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována symbolistní poémě Legenda za razbludnata carkinja (1914), jejíž smysl lze vykládat jako obraz hříšné duše lyrického subjektu, která marně touží po očištění a vykoupení. Připojen je první český překlad této poémy, nazvaný Legenda o smilné královně, o nějž se zasloužila Ludmila Kroužilová
The idea of Hungarian statehood and Slavs in medieval Hungarian chronicler texts
No full textThe birth of the Hungarian state was not only related to the Hungarian invasion of Central Europe and the destruction of Great Moravia, but also to the intensive cooperation between the Hungarians and the Slavs. The Slavs passed on knowledge to the Hungarians about agriculture, crafts and settled life in general, they provided them with Christianity and also knowledge of the functioning of state structures. The Slavic aristocracy actively participated in the establishment of the Kingdom of Hungary. Nevertheless, this Slavic contribution to the formation of medieval Hungarian society is not reflected in Hungarian medieval chronicles. In these texts, which have been preserved from the period between the beginning of the 13th and the end of the 15th century, the role of the Slavs in the establishment of the Hungarian state is hardly mentioned. The chronicles rely on the old Hungarian historical tradition, connect the old Hungarians with the Huns, claim that the Arpad family had an inherited claim to Pannonia, describe a ritual treaty that took the Hungarians to the land of previous rulers, and describe victorious battles with local Slavs and its legendary rulers. In these chronicles, the Slavs appear only as a controlled and submissive ethnic group, which plays only a passive role in the establishment of the Hungarian state. Medieval chronicles thus laid the foundation for the so-called theory of subjugation, with which modern Hungarian nationalism operated from the 18th century. The only exception to these texts is the so-called Hungarian-Polish chronicle, which originated at the court of the Arpad prince and viceroy of Croatia Koloman in the 13th century. This chronicle describes the connection between the Slavic and Hungarian elements in the very beginning of the Hungarian state and the Christianization that originated from the Slavs to the Hungarians.Zrození maďarského státu souviselo nejen s maďarskou invazí do střední Evropy a zničením Velké Moravy, ale také s intenzivní spoluprací mezi Maďary a Slovany. Slované předávali Maďarům znalosti o zemědělství, řemeslech a usedlém životě obecně, prostředkovali jim křesťanství a také znalosti o fungování státních struktur. Slovanská aristokracie se aktivně podílela na založení Uherského království. Tento slovanský příspěvek k formování středověké maďarské společnosti se nicméně neodráží v maďarských středověkých kronikách. V těchto textech, které se dochovaly z období mezi počátkem 13. a koncem 15. století, se role Slovanů při vzniku maďarského státu téměř nezmiňuje. Kroniky se opírají o starou maďarskou historickou tradici, spojují staré Maďary s Huny, tvrdí, že rod Arpádů měl zděděný nárok na Panonii, popisuje rituální smlouvu, která Maďary přivedla do země předchozích vládců, a popisuje vítězné bitvy s místními Slovany a jejich legendárními vládci. V těchto kronikách se Slované objevují pouze jako kontrolovaná a podrobená etnická skupina, která hraje při vzniku maďarského státu pouze pasivní roli. Středověké kroniky tak položily základ takzvané teorii podrobení, kterou moderní maďarský nacionalismus využíval od 18. století. Jedinou výjimkou z těchto textů je takzvaná Uhersko-polská kronika, která vznikla na dvoře arpádovského knížete a místokrále Chorvatska Kolomana ve 13. století. Tato kronika popisuje souvislost mezi slovanskými a maďarskými prvky na samém počátku uherského státu a christianizaci, která pronikala od Slovanů k Maďarům
