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Conjunto de datos: ¿Cómo pensar los desafíos ambientales de cara a una nueva Constitución? : preocupaciones ambientales en tiempos de cambio constitucional
No full textBase de Datos sobre Encuentros ciudadanos para una nueva Constitución realizados entre el 18 de octubre de 2019 y el 31 de enero de 2020. Esta planilla es un insumo para el Informe “¿Cómo pensar los desafíos ambientales de cara a una nueva Constitución?: Preocupaciones ambientales en tiempos de cambio constitucional”.202
Characterization for the Management of Urban Parks and Green Areas in Mid-sized Cities. Methodological Exploration in the Region of La Araucanía
No full textThe National Urban ParksUrban parks’ PolicyGreen areas (hereinafter PNPU) aims to “create a nationallyLa Araucanía agreed framework to guide and promote the development of sustainable urban parksUrban parks” and at the same time recognizes the challenge of “achieving compliance with sustainability criteria and standards in the designDesign, construction, and management of parks” (PNPU, 2021: 15) and the need to recognize “the particularities of each territory and community, the commitment of the actors, the scale and type of park, the expectations and valuations of people, among many more” (PNPU, 2021: 22). Considering the above, the purpose of the research is to define—based on the communal conditions of the region of La AraucaníaLa Araucanía—recommendations for the investments in parks and green areasGreen areas done by the public, regional or communal sector, taking into consideration to the communal characteristics. For this, the territorial, socioeconomic, and financial conditions of the 32 communes of the region are analyzed, and groups of communes are established to provide recommendations by typologies of green areasGreen areas, and, management capacities, assimilated in this case to the financial capacities of the communes for the investment in green areasGreen areas’ maintenance.SEREMI MINVU Araucanía and Municipality of TemucoPublic Goods for CompetitivenessPontifical Catholic UniversityRegion of La AraucaníaUC Local Development CenterInnova Chil
The impact of technology use for care by informal female caregivers on their well-being: a scoping review
No full textIntroduction Informal caregiving roles are predominantly assumed by women, who often experience unique challenges related to physical, emotional, and social stress due to entrenched gender disparities. Within this context, the use of technologies to assist in caregiving tasks has become popular, and some evidence about their impact on caregiver well-being is available. However, significant research gaps persist. This scoping review was intended to assess the extent of literature examining the impact of technology use by informal female caregivers on their quality of life, to characterize existing research gaps, and to identify available evidence regarding gender-specific challenges. Methods We searched for studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese published in peer-reviewed journals since 2018. We included studies exploring how informal female caregivers use technology and how such use impacts their well-being. The studies included in the review analyze the impact of technology use on the physical, emotional, or material well-being of informal female caregivers. Sources were screened in stages by two independent reviewers; data were extracted from selected full texts, and results were integrated into a narrative summary. Results A total of 14 studies were included in the review, highlighting a range of technologies such as health monitoring devices, communication platforms, and assistive aids. The review identified improvements in caregiver well-being related to reduced physical burden, enhanced emotional support, and increased social connectivity. However, significant research gaps were noted, particularly regarding the long-term effects of technology use, differences based on socio-economic contexts, and the limited inclusion of gender-specific analyses. Conclusions This review supports the notion that technology use can positively impact the well-being of informal female caregivers, especially in terms of emotional and social support. Nevertheless, the review also found that in certain situations, technology can fail to improve or even worsen the quality of life of caregivers. However, the limited availability of studies with standardized quantitative measures, gender-specific data, and comprehensive assessments of long-term effects highlights areas for future research. Further exploration into diverse sociocultural contexts and empirical model development will be essential to better understand the nuanced ways in which technology use influences caregiver quality of life. These findings underscore the potential for targeted technology solutions to support informal caregivers, with implications for healthcare professionals and policymakers designing caregiver support initiatives
Scientific output and intensive care units organizational characteristics: a tale of unintended consequences
No full textThe Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12): differences in online versus interview administration
No full textPurpose: to investigate the equivalence of the 12-item speech, spatial, and quality of hearing (ssQ12)scale administered in either the interview or online version to adults with and without hearing loss.Methods: one hundred fifty-two listeners (99 females) aged 18–81 years (M = 46.0, sd = 15.3)participated in this study. eighty-two individuals were in the normal hearing group and 70 were in thehearing-impaired group. Participants completed the ssQ12 questionnaire twice: 1) interview and 2)online format. the presentation order was randomized (interview or online first); after three to fourweeks, the participants completed the questionnaire in another format.Results: ssQ12 scores differed significantly between formats (p 0.9).Intraclass correlation (Icc) values showed excellent agreement for the speech (Icc = 0.88) and spatial(Icc = 0.84) subscales and good agreement for the Qualities (Icc = 0.66). the area under the receiveroperating characteristic curve (Auc) was 0.863, indicating good diagnostic accuracy.Conclusions: the administration method affects ssQ12 scores, but the difference is not clinicallysignificant. therefore, both methods can be interchangeable, allowing clinicians to choose the mostappropriate format based on patient needs. Additionally, the ssQ12 effectively distinguishes betweennormal and hearing-impaired listener
Todos los caminos llevan a San Bernardo: Observatorio Parque Arqueológico de Santiago
No full textTesis (Arquitecto y Magíster en Arquitectura)--Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2025San Bernardo se posiciona como un punto geográfico clave en Santiago, resaltando su ubicación estratégica tanto en tiempos precolombinos como contemporáneos. Su cercanía al río Maipo fortalece su rol como un subcentro vital entre el área Metropolitana y la zona centro-sur del país, albergando sistemas viales significativos, incluido el ferrocarril, que facilitó la construcción de la Maestranza Central en 1920, el mayor taller de reparación y manufactura de trenes de Chile. Esta ubicación geomorfológica ha influido en su ocupación desde los primeros asentamientos humanos, creando un verdadero palimpsesto arqueológico que narra la historia de la región. Hallazgos precolombinos, como el Pucará o Huaca de Chena, una fortaleza incaica, subrayan la relevancia histórica de San Bernardo, que fue un punto de encuentro y defensa en el contexto del valle. El cese de operaciones de la Maestranza a finales del siglo pasado dejó una de las mayores ruinas industriales del país, que aguarda un proyecto que rescate su valor como monumento histórico. En este sentido, la perspectiva arqueológica se convierte en una dimensión fundamental, abarcando no solo los hallazgos de civilizaciones pasadas, sino también el patrimonio industrial que representa la Maestranza. El proyecto propone revitalizar el complejo ferroviario como un Observatorio Parque Arqueológico, incorporando un programa de depósitos de colecciones arqueológicas que atienda la crisis de almacenamiento en los museos regionales. Además, busca crear un parque que reconecte a San Bernardo con su entorno geográfico y ofrezca una interfaz paisajística que permita comprender y dimensionar la ocupación de Santiago en relación con el valle, enfatizando así su condición de bisagra geográfica y cultural.2025-04-3
Short- and long-term increased risk of all-cause mortality in a tuberculosis cohort attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection: a time-dependent survival analysis in Chile
No full textBackground: Concurrent tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 increases the risk of mortality; however, most studies have focused primarily on short-term outcomes. We assessed the short and long-term impact of TB and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection on all-cause mortality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective nationwide cohort study in Chile, including adults diagnosed with active TB from January 1st, 2020, to December 31st, 2021, with follow-up until November 30th, 2022. SARS-CoV-2 coinfection was defined as occurring from 30 days before to six months after TB diagnosis. Short-term mortality was defined as death within 90 days of TB or TB/SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, and long-term mortality as death occurring after 90 days. We used a time-dependent Cox survival analysis, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and relevant comorbidities including HIV, diabetes and Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug-resistance status. Findings: The cohort included 3721 adults (median age: 47 years, interquartile range [IQR]: 32–61); of whom 63·4% were male, and 79·4% had pulmonary TB. The median follow-up was 586 days (IQR: 401–820), with 680 deaths (18·3%) recorded. A SARS-CoV-2 coinfection was identified in 393 individuals (10·5%); the mortality in this group was higher in short-term (≤90 days: 14·5% vs. 11·4%) and long-term (>90 days: 11·5% vs. 5·9%) compared to TB alone. Coinfection increased the risk of all-cause mortality during the entire follow-up (aHR [adjusted Hazard Ratio]: 2·8, 95% CI: 2·26–3·47), over three-fold in the short-term (aHR 3·4, 95% CI: 2·57–4·51) and nearly two-fold in the long-term (aHR: 1·72, 95% CI: 1·18–2·52). Excess mortality persisted beyond the first year (aHR: 2·04, 95% CI: 1·09–3·82). SARS-CoV-2 vaccination reduced mortality risk in the TB cohort by 35% (95% CI: 19–46%). Interpretation: Tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection was associated with significantly increased all-cause mortality in both the short and long-term, with elevated risk persisting beyond TB treatment completion. These findings highlight the need for continued post-treatment follow-up and prioritization of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among individuals with TB
Development of a robust FT-IR typing system for Salmonella enterica, enhancing performance through hierarchical classification
No full textSalmonella enterica is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses globally, with significant mortality rates, especially among vulnerable populations. Traditional serotyping methods for Salmonella are accurate but expensive, resource-intensive, and time-consuming, necessitating faster and more reliable alternatives. This study evaluates the IR Biotyper, a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy system, in differentiating Salmonella serovars. We assessed 458 isolates of nine Salmonella serovars (Infantis, Enteritidis, Typhimurium, I,4,[5],12:i:-, Montevideo, Agona, Thompson, Panama, and Abony) from diverse sources. The IR Biotyper was used to acquire spectra from these isolates. Machine learning algorithms, including support vector machines, were trained to classify the isolates. The accuracy of classifiers was validated using a validation set to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Initial classifiers showed high accuracy for Abony, Agona, Enteritidis, and Infantis serovars, with sensitivities close to 100%. However, classifiers for S. Typhimurium, S. Panama, and S. Montevideo exhibited lower performance. Implementing a hierarchical classification system enhanced the accuracy of serogroup O:4 serovars, demonstrating that this approach offers a robust framework for Salmonella serovar identification. The hierarchical system enables progressive refinement of classification, minimizing misclassifications by focusing on serogroup-specific features, making it adaptable to complex data sets and diverse serovars. The IR Biotyper demonstrates high potential for rapid and accurate Salmonella serovar identification. This study supports its implementation as a cost-effective, high-throughput tool for pathogen typing, enhancing real-time epidemiological surveillance, and guiding treatment strategies for salmonellosis. This method establishes a robust and scalable framework for advancing Salmonella serotyping practices across clinical, industrial, and public health domains by leveraging hierarchical classification.IMPORTANCEEarly and accurate identification of Salmonella serovars is extremely important for epidemiological surveillance, public health, and food safety. Traditional serotyping is very successful but is laborious and costly. In this study, we demonstrate the promise of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy together with machine learning as a means for Salmonella serotyping. Using hierarchical classification, we attain optimal serovar identification accuracy, particularly for challenging-to-type serogroups. Our findings recognize the IR Biotyper as a high-throughput, scalable pathogen typing solution that offers real-time data that can enable enhanced outbreak response and prevention of foodborne disease. The approach bridges the gap between traditional microbiological practice and sophisticated analytical technology, the path to more effective, cost-saving interventions in the clinical, industrial, and regulatory settings. Application of these technologies can significantly improve Salmonella surveillance-control and Public Health outcomes