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KLARpsy-Text: Welchen Einfluss haben Anwendungen mit kaltem Wasser auf die Gesundheit?
No full textKLARpsy-Texte sind kurze, lai:innengerechte, allgemeinverständliche und richtlinienbasierte Zusammenfassungen psychologischer Übersichtsarbeiten. Dieser KLARpsy-Text hat den Titel “Welchen Einfluss haben Anwendungen mit kaltem Wasser auf die Gesundheit?”. Er wurde von Mitarbeitenden des Leibniz-Instituts für Psychologie verfasst. Der KLARpsy-Text befasst sich mit folgenden Inhalten: In den letzten Jahren wurde Eisbaden immer beliebter. Wer sich kurzzeitig kaltem Wasser aussetzt, hofft, dass es gut für die Gesundheit ist und zum Beispiel die Abwehrkräfte stärkt. Manche berichten auch, dass sie sich durch Eisbaden weniger gestresst oder ängstlich fühlen. Ob es wirklich so positive Folgen hat, sich kurzzeitig kaltem Wasser auszusetzen, konnte die Forschung bisher aber noch nicht eindeutig zeigen. Mit ihrer Übersichtsarbeit wollten die Forschenden herausfinden: Unterscheiden sich Personen, nachdem sie sich kurzzeitig kaltem Wasser ausgesetzt haben, in Bezug auf bestimmte gesundheitliche Merkmale von anderen? Menschen, die sich kaltem Wasser aussetzen, zum Beispiel beim Eisbaden, haben danach kurzzeitig höhere Entzündungswerte im Körper. Das könnte darauf hinweisen, dass die Abwehrkräfte trainiert werden. Sie fühlen sich auch weniger gestresst als andere.https://klarpsy.de/hintergrundunknownunknow
R Code for: Psychometric evaluation of the German Version of the Motivations to Eat Meat Inventory (MEMI)
No full textR Code for "Psychometric evaluation of the German Version of the Motivations to Eat Meat Inventory (MEMI)". This Code can be used to replicate the analyses and results of this paper.
The Motivations to Eat Meat Inventory (MEMI) assesses four motives for eating meat: Natural, Necessary, Normal, and Nice. The aim of this study is a psychometric evaluation of the German MEMI. Two German-speaking samples (N=389; N=1,498) completed the MEMI online, one with an importance-based (sample 1), one with an agreement-based (sample 2) response format. We ran confirmatory factor analyses, tested measurement invariance, and examined validity. Across both samples, bifactor models showed the best model fit, with slightly better fit in sample 1 but acceptable fit in both formats. Measurement invariance across gender, age, and education largely supported factorial validity. Results suggested acceptable convergent validity. Regarding discriminant validity, a strong general factor underpinned responses, with Normal and Nice explaining meaningful additional variance. Nice meaningfully predicted meat consumption. The German MEMI is a valid tool to assess motivations to eat meat and best modeled with a bifactor structure.unknownunknow
Risk Reconsidered: Insights from a Data Saturation Analysis of sexual health research amongst gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men
No full textObjectives: This study explored how risk in the context of sexual health is conceptualised in research related to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM), during a period of major biomedical change, including the scale-up of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and the Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U) campaign, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic search across Medline (OVID), CINAHL, and Scopus identified studies published and/or with data collected between 2015 and 2020, from high-income countries in the Global North. A novel saturation-based approach, adapted from qualitative research, was used to determine when no new implicit or explicit conceptualisations of risk were emerging. Ten initial papers were reviewed, followed by sets of three, stopping after saturation was reached at 24 papers. Results: The word "risk" appeared 722 times across included studies. Hundreds of distinct implicit and explicit conceptualisations were identified and grouped into five interconnected dimensions: health outcome, biomedical, behavioural, interpersonal, and individual. Conclusions: Findings highlight the pervasive yet fragmented use of "risk" in sexual health literature, which may hinder clear communication between researchers, clinicians, and gbMSM. This study supports calls for more precise language.notReviewedothe
Elterliche Berufswahlbegleitungskompetenz – Validierung eines Erhebungsinstruments zur Erfassung elterlicher Kompetenzen zur Begleitung ihrer Kinder bei der Berufswahl
No full textEltern nehmen eine zentrale Unterstützungsfunktion im Berufsorientierungsprozess im Jugendalter ein. Auf der Basis existierender Forschung werden als wesentliche Aspekte elterlicher Unterstützung in einem Kompetenzmodell zur elterlichen Begleitung der Berufswahl vier Kompetenzdimensionen vorgeschlagen: emotionale, sachorientierte und instrumentelle Unterstützungskompetenz sowie die Fähigkeit zur Dezentrierung. Sie sind mit 30 Items operationalisiert. Die Studie stellt die Entwicklung eines Befragungsinstruments vor, das an einer Stichprobe von N = 305 Eltern (n = 259 Mütter, n = 46 Väter) validiert wurde. Die Ergebnisse konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalysen liefern erste Validitätsbelege und zeigen, dass es mit dem Instrument gelingt, die vier Dimensionen abzubilden. Weiterer Entwicklungsbedarf hinsichtlich der Messung der Dimension Dezentrierung wird diskutiert.reviewedothe
对躯体动力分析精巧组合的反思
No full textThe uniqueness of bioenergetic analysis lies in the wide variety of facets that it incorporates. While advanced bioenergetic therapists and trainers may have a clear understanding of the many aspects of bioenergetic analysis, this article introduces several new concepts and outlines seven distinct facets that together make up the exquisite amalgam of the bioenergetic approach to psychotherapy. These include psychodynamic theory, character analysis, the physical dynamics of character structure, transference and countertransference, the therapist’s use of self with an available heart, resonating with the patient, and the new concept of the pendulum illustrating both regression to progress and progression to regress. Throughout the article, we explain these areas and offer references for further understanding. We include case examples to illuminate some of these principles, such as regression to progress and progression to regress.La particularité de l’analyse bioénergétique réside dans la grande variété de facettes qu’elle intègre. Bien que les thérapeutes et les formateurs bioénergétiques avancés puissent avoir une compréhension claire des nombreux aspects de l’analyse bioénergétique, cet article introduit plusieurs nouveaux concepts et décrit sept facettes distinctes qui, ensemble, constituent l’amalgame exquis de l’approche bioénergétique à la psychothérapie. Il s’agit notamment de la théorie psychodynamique, de l’analyse du caractère, de la dynamique physique de la structure du caractère, du transfert et du contre-transfert, de l’utilisation du soi par le thérapeute avec un cœur volontaire, de la résonance avec le patient et du nouveau concept de pendule qui illustre à la fois la régression vers le progrès et la progression vers la régression. Tout au long de l’article, nous expliquons ces domaines et proposons des références pour une meilleure compréhension. Nous incluons des exemples de cas pour clarifier certains de ces principes, tels que la régression vers le progrès et la progression vers la régression.L’unicità dell’Analisi Bioenergetica risiede nell’ampia varietà di sfaccettature che incorpora. Mentre i terapeuti e i formatori bioenergetici avanzati possono avere una chiara comprensione dei numerosi aspetti dell’Analisi Bioenergetica, questo articolo introduce diversi nuovi concetti e delinea sette sfaccettature distinte che insieme costituiscono lo squisito amalgama dell’approccio bioenergetico alla psicoterapia. Questi includono la teoria psicodinamica, l’analisi del carattere, le dinamiche fisiche della struttura del carattere, il transfert e il controtransfert, l’uso del sé da parte del terapeuta con un cuore disponibile, la risonanza con il paziente e il nuovo concetto del pendolo che illustra sia la regressione al progresso che la progressione alla regressione. In tutto l’articolo spieghiamo queste aree e offriamo riferimenti per una maggiore comprensione. Includiamo esempi di casi per chiarire alcuni di questi principi, come la regressione al progresso e la progressione alla regressione.Das Einzigartige der bioenergetischen Analyse liegt in der Vielfalt ihrer Facetten. Während erfahrene bioenergetische Therapeuten und Trainer sicher ein klares Bewusstsein dieser mannigfachen Aspekte der bioenergetischen Analyse haben, führt dieser Beitrag verschiedene neue Konzepte ein und beschreibt sieben unterschiedliche Aspekte, welche zusammengenommen das exquisite Amalgam des bioenergetischen Ansatzes in der Psychotherapie ausmachen. Dieses Amalgam beinhaltet psychodynamische Theorie, Charakteranalyse, die körperliche Dynamik der Charakterstrukturen, Übertragung und Gegenübertragung, Gebrauch des Selbst seitens des Therapeuten mit einem offenen Herzen, die Resonanz mit dem Patienten sowie ein neues Pendelkonzept, welches sowohl die Regression zum Fortschritt als auch die Progression zum Rückschritt erläutert. Im Laufe des Beitrags erklären wir diese Bereiche und bieten Hinweise für ein vertieftes Verständnis. Wir führen auch klinische Beispiele an, um einige dieser Begriffe wie z.B. die Regression zum Fortschritt und die Progression zum Rückschritt zu erklären.La singularidad del análisis bioenergético radica en la diversidad de facetas que integra. Aunque los terapeutas y formadores bioenergéticos con más experiencia suelen tener una comprensión clara de los diversos aspectos del enfoque, este artículo introduce varios conceptos nuevos y describe siete facetas distintas que, en conjunto, conforman la exquisita amalgama del análisis bioenergético en psicoterapia. Estas facetas incluyen la teoría psicodinámica, el análisis del carácter, las dinámicas físicas de la estructura del carácter, la transferencia y contratransferencia, el uso del terapeuta de sí mismo con un corazón abierto, la resonancia con el paciente y el nuevo concepto del péndulo, que ilustra tanto la regresión hacia el progreso como la progresión hacia la regresión. A lo largo del artículo, se explican estos aspectos y se ofrecen referencias para profundizar en su comprensión. Además, se incluyen ejemplos clínicos que ilustran algunos de estos principios, como la regresión hacia el progreso y la progresión hacia la regresión.A singularidade da Análise Bioenergética está na enorme variedade de facetas que ela incorpora., embora terapeutas bioenergéticos experientes e trainers possam ter uma compreensão clara dos seus muitos aspectos, estre artigo apresenta vários conceitos novos e salienta sete facetas distintas que, juntas, configuram a extraordinária amálgama da abordagem bioenergética na psicoterapia. Elas incluem: teoria psicodinâmica, análise do caráter, a dinâmica física da estrutura de caráter, transferência e contra-transferência, o uso, pelo terapeuta, de si mesmo, mas com o coração aberto, ressoando com o paciente, e o novo conceito do pêndulo – ilustrando tanto a regressão para o progresso como o progresso para a regressão. Ester artigo explica aquelas áreas e oferece referências para uma melhor compreensão do assunto. Incluímos exemplos de casos, para ilustrar alguns desses princípios, tais como regressão para o progresso e progresso para a regressão.Уникальность биоэнергетического анализа заключается в широком разнообразии аспектов, которые он включает в себя. В то время как продвинутые биоэнергетические терапевты и тренеры могут иметь четкое представление о многих аспектах биоэнергетического анализа, эта статья вводит несколько новых концепций и очерчивает семь различных аспектов, которые вместе составляют изысканную смесь биоэнергетического подхода к психотерапии. К ним относятся психодинамическая теория, анализ характера, физическая динамика структуры характера, перенос и контрперенос, открытость сердца терапевта как инструмент, резонанс с пациентом, и новая концепция маятника, иллюстрирующая как регресс к прогрессу, так и прогресс к регрессу. На протяжении всей статьи мы объясняем эти вещи и предлагаем ссылки для дальнейшего понимания. Мы приводим конкретные примеры, чтобы проиллюстрировать некоторые из этих принципов, такие как регресс к прогрессу и прогрессирование к регрессу.摘要：躯体动力分析的独特之处在于它所包含的方方面面。虽然高级躯体动力分析治疗师和培训师可能对躯体动力分析的许多方面都有清晰的了解，但本文介绍了几个新概念，并概述了躯体动力分析心理治疗方法的七个不同方面，这些方面共同构成了躯体动力分析心理治疗方法的精巧组合。其中包括心理动力学理论、人格分析、人格结构的物理动力、移情和反移情、治疗师带着一颗心的使用自我、与患者共鸣，以及说明从退行到进步和从进步到退行的钟摆新概念。在整篇文章中，我们对这些领域进行了解释，并提供了进一步理解的参考资料。我们还列举了一些案例来说明其中的一些原则，如从退行到进步和从进步到退行。peerReviewedpublishedVersio
From Core Knowledge Representations to Linguistic Numbers: An Universal Base for Counting
No full textLinguistic structure is an important window for the study of core knowledge systems (CK) and their relation to vision. Core Knowledge Systems are viewed as building blocks of the C/I domain. Taking as a starting point Mundurucu, a language with few numerals (up to 5), we suggest that the language faculty satisfies external constraints in a minimal way.unknownunknow
Supplementary Materials: Accuracy-directed Climate Reasoning: How Self-efficacy, Interest, Confidence and Judgments Relate to Knowledge and Reasoning Outcomes
No full textThis study examined how cognitive and motivational factors relate to individuals’ reasoning about climate change and sustainable behaviors. Specifically, we investigated whether self-efficacy, interest, and confidence in performing environmental sustainability tasks are associated with plausibility judgments, climate change knowledge, and motivated reasoning. A sample of 503 U.S. adults completed measures assessing these constructs. Structural equation modeling showed that interest, self-efficacy, and confidence were positively associated with plausibility judgments, which in turn related to higher levels of climate change knowledge and motivated reasoning. Participants demonstrating accuracy-directed reasoning exhibited enhanced self-efficacy, greater interest, higher knowledge, and stronger plausibility judgments compared to those engaging in desired outcome-directed reasoning. These findings suggest that fostering self-efficacy, interest, and critical evaluation skills may enhance epistemic engagement, promote scientifically grounded reasoning, and support the development of sustainability-oriented action and decision-making.unknownunknow
Code for: Re‐Examination of the Reciprocal Relation Between Intrinsic Motivation and Competence Beliefs in Math Using the Random‐Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Framework
No full textPrevious studies employing cross‐lagged panel models (CLPMs) found mixed results regarding reciprocal relations between competence beliefs and intrinsic motivation. CLPMs have been criticized for leading to erroneous causal inference in certain situations. Two datasets were analyzed regarding reciprocal relations between competence beliefs and intrinsic motivation with the alternative random‐intercept cross‐laged panel models (RI‐CLPMs). One dataset contained 670 2nd to 3rd grade students (M = 8.80 years old, 98% white, 55.7% female) and the second dataset contained 542 2nd to 4th grade students (M = 7.96 years old, 76.7% native German speakers, no information on ethnicity, 50.2% female) in Germany. The results revealed little to no evidence for reciprocal relations between the constructs.Paschke, P., Steinmayr, R., Mertens, A., Neubauer, A. B., & Spinath, B. (accepted). Re‐Examination of the Reciprocal Relation Between Intrinsic Motivation and Competence Beliefs in Math Using the Random‐Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Framework. Child Development.Calculating McDonald's Omega: Four Mplus files for computing McDonald's Omega in the two Datasets (Dataset 1 and Dataset 2) X the two scales (competence beliefs and intrinsic motivation); Models: Twelve Mplus files for the three Datasets (Dataset 1, Dataset 2 with three measurement points, Dataset 2 with seven measurement points) X the two model types (RI-CLPM, CLPM) X two different model constraints (cross-lagged, autoregressive); Testing Measurement Invariance: Four folders for testing configural, metric, residual, and scalar measurement invariance containing four Mplus files each for the two Datasets (Dataset 1, Dataset 2) X the two scales (competence beliefs, intrinsic motivation)peerReviewedacceptedVersio
Stage 2 Registered Report: Restriction of researcher degrees of freedom through the Psychological Research Preregistration-Quantitative (PRP-QUANT) Template
No full textPreregistration can help to restrict researcher degrees of freedom and thereby ensure the integrity of research findings. However, its ability to restrict such flexibility depends on whether researchers specify their study plan in sufficient detail and adhere to this plan. Previous research indicates higher restrictiveness when preregistrations are based on structured versus unstructured template formats, although there is room for further improvement. This study built on these findings and investigated the restrictiveness of preregistrations based on the PRP-QUANT Template, an extensive template that aids the preregistration of quantitative studies in psychology. Preregistrations were sampled from PsychArchives and coded for their level of restrictiveness using the coding scheme of Bakker et al. (2020) and Heirene et al. (2024). We predicted that preregistrations based on the PRP-QUANT Template (N = 103) are more restrictive than preregistrations based on the OSF Preregistration Template (N = 52, Bakker et al., 2020, hypothesis 1). We also inspected whether peer review can contribute further to restricting flexibility and predicted higher restrictiveness for peer-reviewed (n = 29) than non-peer-reviewed preregistrations (n = 74, hypothesis 2), using nested Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests. Additionally, we examined adherence to the preregistered plans in the associated publications (N = 19). In line with hypothesis 1, PRP-QUANT preregistrations had significantly higher restrictiveness scores than OSF Preregistrations. Moreover, consistent with hypothesis 2, peer-reviewed preregistrations had significantly higher restrictiveness than non-peer-reviewed ones. 73.68% of the associated articles included undeclared deviations. We discuss the implications of our findings for the PRP-QUANT Template and structured templates in general.notReviewedothe
The impact of within-speaker acoustic variability on statistical word learning in second language learners of English
No full textThe current study investigates the role of within-speaker acoustic variability on statistical word learning in adult second language learners of English. The purpose of this study is to understand if within-speaker variability in novel word input impacts people’s word learning and creation of word representations. During the learning task, participants will complete a cross-situational word learning task in which they view four objects and hear one target word in either the multiple or single exemplar condition. This task is unsupervised to understand how word learning occurs in ambiguous contexts. In a subsequent recognition task, participants will hear four words: the target word that was also included in the word learning task and three distractors, which are minimal pairs of the target. They are asked to identify the target word. During this task, accuracy will be measured. Based on a previous experiment (Exp. 1), we expect participants to have higher learning and recognition accuracy for words learned in the single exemplar condition.unknownothe