PsychArchives (ZPID Leibniz-Zentrum für Psychologische Information und Dokumentation)
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Klimasteuer mit Dividende: Wirtschaftlich stark, sozial gerecht, gut für das Klima
No full textEine konsumbasierte Steuer auf Treibhausgasemissionen ist ein marktwirtschaftliches Instrument, das die Kosten klimaschädlichen Konsums einpreist [1]. Eine solche Steuer auf Nahrungsmittel kann einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der deutschen Klimabilanz leisten. Die Einnahmen könnten über ein Klimageld pro Kopf an die Bevölkerung kostenneutral zurückverteilt werden, um Akzeptanz zu erhöhen und die Belastung einkommensschwächerer Haushalte abzufedern.peerReviewe
A Matter of Preparation: Investigating the Differential Effects of Disassembling and Cooking on Meat-Related Perceptions and Conflict
No full textFood preparation plays a key role in shaping how people perceive meat: It helps people to dissociate meat from its animal origin and allows them to eat meat without experiencing conflict. However, experimental research in this area mostly disregards or confounds two food preparation steps: disassembling and cooking. To test how disassembling and cooking affect perceptions about meat dishes, we conducted secondary analyses of a sample of omnivores from a U.S.-representative dataset (N = 1,189). In this study, participants indicated meat perceptions (self-report) in response to a picture of one meat dish that varied in the degree of disassembling (i.e., whole parts vs. chopped/minced) and cooking (i.e., raw vs. cooked). Leveraging this experimental setup, multi-level analyses revealed that disassembling and cooking reduced compassion elicited by meat dishes. Disassembling also decreased general emotional arousal, while cooking reduced negative evaluations, conflict experiences in felt ambivalence, and specific negative emotions such as disgust and anger, while increasing valence perceptions more generally and the desire to eat the dish. Moreover, psychological network analyses showed that the relations of meat-related perceptions with each other do not differ significantly between food preparation steps. By offering nuanced insights into how food preparation affects conflict experiences as well as other affective and attitudinal meat-related perceptions, this research offers various theoretical and practical implications. We therefore discuss key considerations for future research on meat-related perceptions and identify when and which interventions may be most necessary and effective in encouraging reduced meat consumption.Supplementary materials for: Buttlar, B., Hahn, L., & Chambon, M. (2025). A Matter of Preparation: Investigating the Differential Effects of Processing and Cooking on Meat-Related Perceptions and Conflict. Psychology of Human-Animal Intergroup Relations, 4, e17919. https://doi.org/10.5964/phair.17919unknownunknow
Posttraumatic Growth in Breast Cancer Patients Post-Mastectomy: Body Image Mediates Self-Actualization and Ego Strength
No full textObjective: The diagnosis, treatment, and side effects of breast cancer are often experienced as traumatic events that impact multiple aspects of a woman’s life. While many factors influence how individuals adapt to this trauma, the psychological variables contributing to post-traumatic growth (PTG) remain insufficiently explored. This study proposed a conceptual model in which self-actualization and ego strength predict PTG, with body image serving as a mediating factor.
Method: To evaluate this model, 182 Iranian women who had undergone mastectomy, were recruited through convenience sampling. Participants completed the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, Body Image Scale, Ego Strength Scale, Short Index of Self-Actualization, and a demographic questionnaire.
Results: Data analysis revealed that body image significantly mediated the relationship between self-actualization, ego strength, and PTG.
Conclusion: Structural equation modeling offered new insights into the mediating role of body image, providing a more nuanced understanding of the psychological processes underlying adaptation and growth, and contributing to the broader literature on PTG among breast cancer survivors.unknow
KLARpsy-Text: Sind Personen, die eher die Perspektiven anderer einnehmen, in ihren Beziehungen zufriedener?
No full textKLARpsy-Texte sind kurze, lai:innengerechte, allgemeinverständliche und richtlinienbasierte Zusammenfassungen psychologischer Übersichtsarbeiten. Dieser KLARpsy-Text hat den Titel “Sind Personen, die eher die Perspektiven anderer einnehmen, in ihren Beziehungen zufriedener?”. Er wurde von Mitarbeitenden des Leibniz-Instituts für Psychologie verfasst. Der KLARpsy-Text befasst sich mit folgenden Inhalten: Wie zufrieden man in seiner romantischen Beziehung ist, hat Auswirkungen auf das persönliche Wohlbefinden. Daher möchten Forschende mehr darüber herausfinden, was zu Zufriedenheit in romantischen Beziehungen beiträgt. Die Eigenschaft, sich häufig in andere Personen hineinzuversetzen und deren Perspektive zu sehen, könnte mit Zufriedenheit in romantischen Beziehungen zusammenhängen. Mit ihrer Übersichtsarbeit wollten die Forschenden herausfinden: Was ist der Zusammenhang zwischen der Eigenschaft, eher die Perspektiven anderer einzunehmen, und Zufriedenheit in romantischen Beziehungen? Die Eigenschaft, sich in andere hineinzuversetzen und deren Perspektive einzunehmen, hängt mit der Zufriedenheit in romantischen Beziehungen zusammen. Je eher Personen auch andere Perspektiven sehen, desto zufriedener sind sie in ihren romantischen Beziehungen.https://klarpsy.de/hintergrundunknownunknow
Akzeptanz von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen: Psychologische Strategien für erfolgreiche Maßnahmengestaltung und -kommunikation
No full textUm CO2-Emissionen zu reduzieren, braucht es neben Änderungen im individuellen Verhalten die Umsetzung staatlicher Maßnahmen (z.B. Gesetze, die erneuerbare Energien fördern oder Anreize wie den CO2-Preis). Je stärker solche Klimaschutzmaßnahmen gesellschaftlich akzeptiert werden, desto erfolgreicher können sie umgesetzt werden. Es ist daher wichtig zu verstehen, welche psychologischen Faktoren die Zustimmung zu Klimaschutzmaßnahmen beeinflussen – und wie diese Zustimmung durch wirksame Kommunikation gesteigert werden kann. Psychologische Forschung zeigt, dass die Berücksichtigung von Wirksamkeit und Fairness bei Gestaltung und Kommunikation der Maßnahmen deren Zustimmung erhöhen kann.peerReviewe
The Impact of Systematic Reading Intervention on Students with Disabilities and Intensive Early Literacy Needs
No full textStudents with disabilities who experience significant early literacy challenges need structured reading instruction. This study documents the initial efficacy of Friends on the Block (www.friendsontheblock.com), a comprehensive and flexible program designed for students with intensive early literacy needs. Elementary-aged students with disabilities and intensive early literacy needs, including those with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), were randomly assigned to either the Friends on the Block intervention group (n = 31) or the standard business-as-usual instruction group (n = 31). The analysis revealed statistically and educationally significant differences favoring Friends on the Block on two out of five measures of phonological awareness and all measures of decoding, word reading, reading fluency, and comprehension. Except for one measure of listening comprehension, no differences were found on measures of language or vocabulary. Findings support increased literacy expectations for students with disabilities who require intensive literacy support, including those with IDD.peerReviewedacceptedVersio
Acute exercise with and without music enhances interoceptive accuracy but differentially affects emotion and perceived exertion
No full textIntroduction: Interoceptive dysfunction represents a transdiagnostic feature in depression-anxiety comorbidity, yet acute interventions targeting this deficit remain understudied. Aim: This study explored the effects of music on interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) elicited during physical exercise in college students with depression and anxiety comorbidity. Methods: College students with depression and anxiety were recruited by psychological scales. IAcc was assessed via heartbeat counting task pre-and post-running, while arousal, valence, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated every 5 min during running. Results: Significant enhancement of IAcc following acute exercise was found, with no additive benefit from the inclusion of music. Conclusion: Music selectively modulates emotional responses without altering RPE during running. Physical exercise and music may affect distinct pathways in this population, with physical exercise improving interoceptive processing and music optimizing emotional responses.unknow
Des discussions imposantes, toutes sortes d’insuffisances et la question centrale restée sans réponse : La psychothérapie fonctionne-t-elle vraiment par la médecine textuelle ?
No full textNo abstract
available.reviewedpublishedVersio
Swedish version of the BFI-2
No full textThe file contains the final version of the Swedish BFI-2 inventory.unknownunknow
Differentiating Prodromal Psychosis from ASD Comorbidities Using Eye Movement Analysis
No full textAdolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) frequently experience comorbidities such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, and mood disturbances, which can present symptoms similar to prodromal psychosis, leading to diagnostic challenges. This narrative review synthesizes the potential of eye movement analysis as a non-invasive, objective tool to differentiate prodromal psychosis from these overlapping ASD comorbidities. We explore the prevalence and nature of ASD psychosis overlaps, shared and distinct clinical features, and various eye tracking paradigms, including free viewing, smooth pursuit, antisaccade tasks, and gaze perception exercises, that may reveal unique abnormalities in psychotic conditions compared to ASD alone or with comorbidities. Key findings indicate that metrics like reduced scanpath length, fewer fixations, impaired smooth pursuit gain, and atypical saccade latencies are often more pronounced in emerging psychosis, potentially aiding in early identification. The review also addresses methodological considerations, ethical implications, clinical integration challenges, and future research directions, emphasizing the role of eye tracking in improving diagnostic precision and facilitating timely interventions to enhance long-term outcomes for vulnerable youth.notReviewedothe