PsychArchives (ZPID Leibniz-Zentrum für Psychologische Information und Dokumentation)
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The Impact of Gender Factor on the Formation of Career Aspirations of Military Personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
No full textThe article examines the prevalence of a discrepancy in career aspirations among students attending military academies, with a particular focus on differences based on gender. The study uses the psycholinguistic research method, specifically a free association experiment. Two stimulus words were selected for the psycholinguistic experiment: ‘career’ and ‘family’. The word ‘family’ serves as an auxiliary stimulus in the experiment. A total of 102 students, all of whom were currently ranked as lieutenants and in their fifth year of studies at the Military Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology, participated in the experiment. The sample consisted of 74 male (n 72,5%) and 28 female (n 27,5%) participants. The study findings show that primary career motivation for both male and female respondents is the acquisition of social prestige, demonstrated through high status and rank identification, as well as a stable financial situation. Gender differences in career orientation lead to variations in conflict behavior strategies. Both men and women may use cooperation and competition strategies equally. However, in situations of conflicting interests, women tend to orient their social interaction towards confrontation and antagonism. The majority of both male and female respondents view the family as a potential for career advancement. However, some male respondents may experience high inter-role conflict between work and family. Women have various methods of resolving the role conflict between work and family. These include remaining childless, delegating child-rearing duties to their parents, and minimizing work responsibilities to allocate their physical and psychological resources to their family. To create more opportunities for women’s career success, it is recommended that military organizations provide training in integrative career approaches that can help service women approach career development in terms of their professional competencies rather than gender role stereotypes.reviewedacceptedVersio
Code for: Athlete Burnout and Health: Testing Longitudinal Mediation via Biomarkers
No full textAbstract (prior to peer review): Athletes often face pressure in competitive sports, which can cause physical and mental health problems including athlete burnout. Burnout is becoming increasingly prevalent in athletes and not only affects mental health but heightens the risk for further physical and mental health consequences. While studies have supported this link, few of these examinations have assessed the possible explanatory mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to test whether biomarkers of key physiological systems may mediate the relationship between athlete burnout and mental and physical health outcomes over time. We recruited 64 competitive athletes who completed measures of athlete burnout, physical symptoms, depressive symptoms, and insomnia as well as provided saliva samples for the analysis of biomarkers (testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate [DHEA-S], secretory Immunoglobulin A [sIgA]) at three timepoints over six months. At the between level, burnout was associated with all questionnaire measures, while testosterone was associated with physical symptoms. At the within level, burnout predicted depressive symptoms and sIgA predicted insomnia. Exploratory analyses with a Bayesian approach further showed burnout to predict reductions in testosterone, DHEA-S and sIgA. In contrast to our hypotheses, we found no indirect effects linking burnout with potential health consequences via changes in biomarkers. Thus, burnout appears to affect physical and mental health through predominantly direct links.This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council for Sport Science (P2023-0139).notReviewedunknow
Verzeichnis Testverfahren: Kurznamen. Langnamen. Autoren. Testrezensionen [Gesamtverzeichnis] (31., aktualisierte Auflage 2025)
No full textThe PSYNDEX database contains descriptions of tests, rating scales, questionnaires, interview methods, observation methods, test apparatus, computer-assisted diagnosis measures, and other diagnostic instruments used in German-speaking countries, covering all areas of psychology and education, as well as related disciplines such as medicine, psychiatry, and business. It also contains descriptions of German-language adaptations of American and English tests, as well as tests in other languages. In addition to published tests, unpublished research instruments are also documented. The German-language Verzeichnis Testverfahren (Test Directory) provides test abbreviations, test names, test authors, year of publication, and record number of test description in the PSYNDEX database for 8,826 psychological and educational tests in use in the German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg). It is structured in five sections. Part 1 organizes tests according to the test categories used in the PSYNDEX database, part 2 lists test abbreviations alphabetically, part 3 lists test names alphabetically, part 4 lists tests by test author(s), part 5 lists test reviews by test abbreviations alphabetically. (M.E. - ZPID)unknownunknow
A Pilot Study For Experimental Manipulations of Author Expertise and Quality of Evidence in Research Summaries
No full textIn previous studies, Rosman & Grösser (2024) demonstrated that the quality of evidence in short descriptions of scientific studies interacted with trust in science to influence belief updating and that the positive relationship between trust in science and subjective ratings of quality of evidence is higher for studies with high quality of evidence. Additionally, a recent study by Jonas and Rosman (2024) extended findings originally related to the scientificness effect (Bromme et al., 2015; Thomm & Bromme, 2012) to an author level and suggested that a higher author scientificness encourages higher ratings of author expertise, integrity and benevolence among laypeople.
Based on this research, a follow-up project aims to investigate main and interaction effects of the influence of author expertise and evidence quality on belief updating. The present pilot study will test new experimental materials for the manipulation of author expertise and evidence quality. To this end, an online experiment with a German general population sample recruited via a panel provider will be carried out. A 2*4 and a 3*4 between-subject ANOVA design will be employed to test for differences in laypeople’s evaluations of author scientificness and evidence quality. The analysis of the experimental results will enable inferences about the validity of the experimental manipulations and a possible revision of experimental materials.unknownothe
Verzeichnis Testverfahren: Teil (5) Verzeichnis der Testrezensionen (31., aktualisierte Auflage 2025)
No full textThe PSYNDEX database contains descriptions of tests, rating scales, questionnaires, interview methods, observation methods, test apparatus, computer-assisted diagnosis measures, and other diagnostic instruments used in German-speaking countries, covering all areas of psychology and education, as well as related disciplines such as medicine, psychiatry, and business. It also contains descriptions of German-language adaptations of American and English tests, as well as tests in other languages. In addition to published tests, unpublished research instruments are also documented. The German-language Verzeichnis Testverfahren (Test Directory) provides test abbreviations, test names, test authors, year of publication, and record number of test description in the PSYNDEX database for 8,826 psychological and educational tests in use in the German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg). It is structured in five sections. Part 1 organizes tests according to the test categories used in the PSYNDEX database, part 2 lists test abbreviations alphabetically, part 3 lists test names alphabetically, part 4 lists tests by test author(s), part 5 lists test reviews by test abbreviations alphabetically. (M.E. - ZPID)unknownunknow
Dataset for: A "front-row seat" to catastrophe: Testing the effect of immersive technologies on sympathy and pro-environmental behavior in the context of rising sea levels
No full textFor 63% of the world's population living farther than 100km (60 miles) from the coast, rising sea levels due to climate change represent a distal, abstract problem that might not appear to require urgent action. This poses a challenge to environmental educators seeking to foster pro-environmental responses. We tested if and how using immersive digital technologies like virtual reality (VR) can aid educators in overcoming this challenge.
Participants in our experiment (N = 146) viewed a report on how rising sea levels affect contemporary Fijians either in high immersive VR (360° video in a head-mounted display) or in low immersive VR (360° video on a traditional computer screen). Pro-environmental intentions did not differ between the experimental conditions. However, perceived presence, a sense of "being there", was higher in the high immersion condition than in the low immersion condition. Presence, in turn, correlated positively with pro-environmental intentions and sympathy but not problem awareness. This suggests that environmental education on rising sea levels aimed at promoting pro-environmental intentions might benefit from creating a heightened perception of presence.unknow
Supplemental Material for: The Acquisition of Tonal Hierarchies in Western Music During School Years: A Re-analysis of 40 Years of Research
No full textUnderstanding the relationships between different pitches as a form of tonality is a key element of listening skills in Western tonal music. Tonal hierarchies (i.e., the genre-dependent differing prominence of tones) are reflected in internal representations of tonal hierarchies (IRTH) in long-term memory. Over the past 40 years, research on how students aged 6 to 20 acquire IRTH has yielded varied and sometimes contradictory conclusions about this process’ timeline and underlying mechanisms. This paper aims to synthesize the evidence and critically examine potential reasons for the heterogeneity in findings. To this end, three approaches were applied. First, a Bayesian meta-analysis of 60 effect sizes from 16 studies, reported in 13 articles, revealed a medium difference in IRTH sensitivity between younger and older participants (d = 0.57,95% CrI [0.37,0.77]). Second, a Bayesian network analysis indicated that tonal understanding continues to develop throughout school years into adulthood, challenging models suggesting that tonal development concludes by age 7 or 9. Third, a model comparison analysis based on cross-sectional data from a single study revealed a non-linear growth dynamic with a larger increase during adolescence as the best model solution to describe the relationship between sensitivity and age. We also examined the considerable heterogeneity observed within and between studies, particularly how task-specific features of the operationalizations might account for these differences. These findings contribute to the development of theoretical models about music-related skill acquisition and suggest directions for future research.unknownunknow
Dataset for 'The ‘healthy=sustainable’ heuristic: Effects of health and sustainability labels on perceived sustainability and healthiness of foods'
No full textDataset for 'The ‘healthy=sustainable’ heuristic: Effects of health and sustainability labels on perceived sustainability and healthiness of foods'unknow
Coping with Child Loss at Work – A Systematic Review, a Future Research Agenda, and Practice Recommendation
No full textDer Tod eines Kindes ist allgegenwärtig und hat erhebliche Folgen für Eltern und Unternehmen. Daher ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung zu verstehen, wie organisatorische Faktoren die verlust- und wiederherstellungsorientierte Bewältigung des Todes eines Kindes ihrer Mitarbeitenden beeinflussen. Auf der Grundlage eines systematic Reviews (k = 51 Studien) haben wir rollenbezogene und soziale Spannungen und Komplementaritäten identifiziert, durch die die Arbeit diesen Bewältigungsprozess beeinflusst. Diese Spannungen führen zu Anforderungen, die die Bewältigung durch die Beschäftigten erschweren. Rollenbezogene Spannungen stellen Anforderungen an das Boundary Management, die Entscheidungsfindung und die Emotionsregulierung. Soziale Spannungen stellen Anforderungen an das Impression Management und die Normkonformität. Umgekehrt helfen Komplementaritäten im Bewältigungsprozess. Rollenbezogene Komplementaritäten bieten Ablenkung und Ressourcen. Soziale Komplementaritäten sorgen für Zugehörigkeit und soziale Unterstützung. Auf der Grundlage unserer Untersuchung entwickeln wir Empfehlungen für Organisationen, Vorgesetzte und Mitarbeitende sowie für die künftige Forschung.Am 11. Dezember 2024 sprach Dr. Nina M. Junker, Associate Professor in Work & Organizational Psychology an der University of Oslo, Norwegen im ZPID-Kolloquium.Child loss is pervasive and has important consequences for individuals and organizations. Consequently, it is crucial to understand how organizational factors affect employees’ loss-oriented and restoration-oriented coping with child loss. Adopting an identity lens and based on a systematic review (k = 51 studies), we identified role-related and social tensions and complementarities through which work affects that coping process. These tensions add requirements that hamper employees’ coping. Role-related tensions add boundary-management, decision-making, and emotion-regulation requirements. Social tensions add impression-management and norm-conformity requirements. Conversely, complementarities help in the coping process. Role-related complementarities provide distraction and resources. Social complementarities provide belongingness and social support. We develop recommendations for organizations, supervisors, and co-workers and for future research based on our review.On December 11th, 2024 Nina M. Junker, Associate Professor in Work & Organizational Psychology from the University of Oslo, Norway spoke at the ZPID Colloquium.unknow
Partial Overlap Costs Across Procedural versus Declarative Working Memory
No full textThis study aims to investigate whether declarative working memory (WM) is affected by code occupation. Code occupation consists in worse performance when representations held in WM share some features compared to no features at all or when features fully overlap. Code occupation is consistently observed for procedural WM representations of action plans, when when maintaining plans that overlap only partially, so calle dpartial overlap costs. Declarative WM does not typically exhibit similar partial overlap costs. In two experiments, we will assess whether partial feature overlap leads to performance costs in both systems. In Experiment 1, participants will perform an action while holding another action plan in procedural WM, expecting to replicate the partial overlap cost observed in previous studies. In Experiment 2, participants will memorize a target and discriminate it from a lure while holding another stimulus in declarative WM. In both experiments, the competing representation held in WM can fully overlap, share no features or partially overlap with the currently relevant action or target. Assessing the presence of partial overlap costs in declarative WM allows to furthe rour understanding of the processes underling the crucial ability to maintain and manipulate information in WM, while shedding light on the similarities and differences between procedural and declarative WM systems.unknownothe