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Analysis script and data for: Food-related inhibitory control and transcranial direct current stimulation: Bilateral prefrontal or excitatory right-hemispheric stimulation?
No full textAnalysis script and data for: Food-related inhibitory control and transcranial direct current stimulation: Bilateral prefrontal or excitatory right-hemispheric stimulation?
Contains subjective data before and after tDCS, and behavioral data collected during a stop-signal task. Participants were randomized to receive tDCS to the prefrontal cortex, with unilateral (left/right), bilateral, and sham tDCS configurations.This work was supported by the German Research Foundation / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG: SCHR1628/1-1).The ZIP files has the following structure and contents:
Codebook.txt: Codebook;
data\map\demo_mapped_share.csv: Demographic and subjective data;
data\task\02 Aggr_SST.csv: Behavioral data;
plots: Empty folder for dynamic plot saving;
script\01_Bip-tDCS_Behavior.R: Analyse and plot behavioral data;
script\02_Bip-tDCS_Demographics_Blinding.R: Analyse demographic data and tDCS blinding efficacy;
script\03_Bip-tDCS_FoodCraving.R: Analyse subjective food craving.
Please keep the structure to run R scripts directly. Alternatively, paths and working directories have to be adjusted individually.unknow
Behavioral and psychological predictors of multiple-perpetrator rape proclivity: A community sample study of men
No full textMost of the sexual violence research focuses on incidents involving a single offender, yet one-fourth to one-third of rapes involved multiple offenders (Horvath & Kelly, 2009). The present study aimed to build upon the multiple-perpetrator rape (MPR) literature by investigating potential correlates associated with a proclivity for MPR and reconfirming prior findings. Community men completed a series of questionnaires that included the Multiple-Perpetrator Rape Interest Scale, the UCLA Loneliness Scale: Short-Form, the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire: Short Form, the Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire, the Anger Rumination Scale, the Measure for Assessing Subtle Rape Myths, and the Self-Report Psychopathy-III: Short Form. The strongest relationship for M-PRIS was SFQ Sado-Masochistic (r = .79, p < .001). In a multiple linear regression, results showed a significant model, F(6, 108) = 28.6, p < .05, which explained 61.4% of the variance in a proclivity for MPR. Specifically, BPAQ Total, SFQ Total, and ARS Total were significant (sr2 = .0543, 0.0499, 0.0488, respectively). One implication is for clinicians to target various types of aggression, deviant sexual fantasies, and anger rumination in therapy among those with an interest to commit MPR to potentially reduce the urge to commit the action. Educational and preventive initiatives aimed at addressing sexual violence behaviors may also gain insights into individuals prone to engaging in such behaviors, where these programs seek to diminish the likelihood of MPR occurrences.peerReviewedpublishedVersio
The interaction of gender, occupation, and fine phonetic detail
No full textDoes a woman working as a soldier speak in a more masculine manner? And does being told a man is a kindergarten teacher make him ‘sound’ more feminine to the listener? We explore these questions in two studies examining the production of speech by 36 participants in three gender-(a)typical occupations (soldiers, kindergarten teachers, individuals in leading positions) (Study 1), and the perception of identical speech framed as that of kindergarten teachers or soldiers (Study 2). In addition, the influence of self-ascribed femininity on variation in fine phonetic details is investigated. Results of Study 1 show no differences in mean fundamental frequency between the three occupational groups, but do show a higher second formant (reflecting a more fronted articulation) in kindergarten teachers than in soldiers and leaders, potentially associated with a clearer, friendlier speaking style. Independent of occupation, men who rated themselves high on femininity were found to have higher mean f0 and more dispersed vowels than men who rated themselves low on femininity. In addition, intra-speaker variation in f0 patterns was found between same gender and different gender dialogues. Results of Study 2 corroborate stereotypical attributions of warmth depending on the assumed occupation of the speaker. Stimuli assumed to come from kindergarten teachers were rated significantly more friendly and more emotional than the same stimuli assumed to come from soldiers by younger listeners, while older listeners rated the assumed kindergarten teachers as less warm than the assumed soldiers pointing to a change in attitude towards these occupations. Findings are relevant in the light of changing gender roles, occupational stereotypes and the expression of gender through voice.peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Replication Data & Materials for PRS Study (Iraq)
No full textThis archive contains the anonymised raw dataset (N = 400), data dictionary, SPSS analysis script, and bilingual (Arabic / English) versions of the Personal‐Reputation Scale (PRS) used in the study “Personal Reputation as Social Capital among Fine‐Arts Undergraduates at a Public University in Iraq.” The dataset is released under CC-BY 4.0 to enable full replication and reuse.unknow
The Effects of Prior Knowledge on Episodic Memory Depend on Retrieval Goals and Orientation
No full textPrior knowledge can enhance memory for both schema-congruent and schema-incongruent events. According to the SLIMM framework, memory performance follows a U-shaped pattern, with both highly expected and highly surprising events being better remembered than neutral ones. We tested this prediction across six experiments in which participants viewed scenes containing congruent or incongruent objects, rating each as expected or surprising using a four-level scale. Memory was assessed through three tests: (1) item memory (old/new) recognition categorized by recollection and familiarity; (2) "congruency memory," where participants recalled whether objects had been expected or surprising; and (3) forced-choice associative memory, where participants selected the scene associated with an object. Results showed that schema effects on memory varied by test type and retrieval orientation. Item memory consistently favored expected over surprising objects, primarily via recollection - contrary to SLIMM predictions. We propose that semantic association generation during testing enhanced recollection of expected objects. After controlling for semantic retrieval, associative memory revealed a benefit for surprising events, attributed to greater distinctiveness. Congruency memory was the only test producing a reliable U-shaped pattern. We suggest participants tagged events as "expected" or "surprising" during study and could later recall the tag, even without recalling the associated scene. However, this U-shaped pattern depended on retrieval orientation: when participants focused on surprise, the U-shape emerged; when focusing on expectedness, only surprising events showed advantage. These findings reinforce the complex factors modulating prior knowledge effects on episodic memory.notReviewedothe
Do flexibility and stability trade off? Manipulating the proportion of switch and bivalent trials in the same blocks
No full textCognitive flexibility has been widely investigated using the task switching paradigm. In this context, it is common to observe that switching between tasks comes with a performance cost compared to repeating the same task. The resulting switch cost is therefore taken as a measure of cognitive flexibility. At the same time, performance costs are also observed when comparing performance in bivalent congruent trials compared to univalent trials, indicating that stimuli are capable of eliciting conflict at the task level. The resulting valency effect will be our measure of cognitive stability.
Importantly, previous studies have reported that both the switch cost decreases in blocks where switches are frequent, and that the valency effect decreases in blocks where bivalent trials are frequent. These findings suggest that participants can upregulate the control mechanisms allowing for both flexibility and stability depending on the circumstances. In this regard, theories proposing that flexibility necessarily trades off with stability predict that increased flexibility should come with the cost of increased stimulus-based task conflict. At the same time, they also predict that increasing stability should come with increased switch cost. In order to test this theory, the current study will investigate whether manipulating the proportion of switches affects the valency effect, and whether manipulating the proportion of bivalent trials affects the switch cost. If there is a trade-off between stability and flexibility, we should observe a larger valency effect in majority-switch blocks. At the same time, increasing the proportion of bivalent trials should increase the switch cost. The present experiment extends two other experiments pre-registered at: https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.14614 and https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.15558unknownothe
Multiverse analysis for dynamic network models: Investigating the influence of plausible alternative modeling choices
No full textSpecifying complex time series models typically allows for a wide range of plausible analysis strategies. However, researchers typically perform and report only a single, preferred analysis while ignoring alternatives that could yield different conclusions. As a remedy, we propose multiverse analysis to investigate the robustness of dynamic network analysis to arbitrary modeling choices. We focus on group iterative multiple model estimation (GIMME), a highly data-driven approach, and re-analyze two datasets (combined n = 199). We vary seven modeling parameters, resulting in 3,888 fitted models. Group-level and to a lesser extent subgroup-level results were mostly stable. Individual-level estimates were more heterogeneous, with some decisions strongly influencing results and conclusions. The robustness of GIMME to alternative modeling choices depends on the level of analysis. For some individuals, results may differ strongly even when changing the algorithm only slightly. Multiverse analysis is a valuable tool for checking the robustness of results from time series models.peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Assessing early math skills in preschoolers by using digital games
No full textImproving early mathematical competence is a major priority worldwide; thus, assessing early math abilities is critical. Although various international standardized instruments serve this purpose, their usage in underdeveloped countries is prohibitive due to their resource-intensive requirements. In this report, we explore the development of the “Test de Pensamiento Matemático" (TPM, Test of Preschool Mathematics), which is an automated, game-based, digital instrument for assessing early math abilities in 4-to-6-year-old children in accordance with international curricular standards. A confirmatory factor analysis shows an optimal fit for two dimensions: numerical thinking and visuospatial reasoning. By drawing on technology, the TPM can be applied to large groups of children, so it becomes an efficient tool for assessing performance, monitoring learning improvements, and screening children who need additional support to develop their math abilities at the same pace with their peers.peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Emotions in Integrative Supervision and Therapy
No full textEs wird in die Thematik eingeführt und für das Thema Emotionen im Hinblick auf die Integrative Supervision sensibilisiert. Es folgt eine Beschreibung der Begrifflichkeit in der Antike und in der Stoa im Zusammenhang mit Vorläufern der Supervision. Die Rolle der Emotionen bei der Entwicklung des Menschen am Beispiel des Babyalters sowie Schlussfolgerungen für die Supervision werden umrissen. Zusammenhänge zwischen Emotionen, physiologischen Reaktionen, neuronalen Prozessen und kollektiven mentalen Repräsentationen werden dargelegt, um dann überzugehen zu den Themen Introspektion und Selbstwahrnehmung aus sozialpsychologischer Sicht. Es folgt die Charakterisierung der Bedeutung von Emotionen bei der Motivation und Selbstregulation. Gesellschaftliche Implikationen der Emotionen werden herausgearbeitet. Zum Schluss wird auf das Thema Gefühle im integrativen Ansatz und in der integrativen Supervision bis hin zu praktischen Konsequenzen eingegangen.The topic is introduced and awareness is raised of the topic of emotions in relation to integrative supervision. This is followed by a description of the terminology in antiquity and in Stoicism in connection with precursors of supervision. The role of emotions in human development using the example of infancy and conclusions for supervision are outlined. Relationships between emotions, physiological reactions, neuronal processes and collective mental representations are explained, before moving on to the topics of introspection and self-perception from a social psychological perspective. This is followed by a characterization of the importance of emotions in motivation and self-regulation. Social implications of emotions are worked out. Finally, the topic of feelings in the integrative approach and in integrative supervision is discussed, including practical consequences.https://www.fpi-publikation.de/supervision/02-2025-henze-o-emotionen-in-der-integrativen-supervision-und-therapie/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
How can psychological research support movements for socio-ecological change? A qualitative study on psychological challenges and questions of activists
No full textResearch on collective climate action has been increasing in the past years. Yet, as scholars base their ideas on previous research and discussions in the scientific community, research may pass by the most pressing challenges that people working for socio-ecological change currently experience. To address this problem, we conducted 22 semi-structured qualitative interviews with participants from Europe and beyond to gain a better understanding of the psychological challenges and questions within socio-ecological movements. Inductive content analysis revealed eight key questions: How can movements and their members, (1) handle specific emotions, (2) become resilient, (3) deal with structural barriers, (4) create a (shared) identity, (5) work together constructively, (6) motivate others and themselves, (7) strengthen efficacy perceptions, and (8) how does societal change work? While a few of the raised themes have already received some attention in environmental psychology, most questions have not been sufficiently addressed. We therefore present a transdisciplinary research agenda for environmental psychology.peerReviewedpublishedVersio