PsychArchives (ZPID Leibniz-Zentrum für Psychologische Information und Dokumentation)
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Dataset for: The Effects of Clinical Meditation Programs on Well-Being
No full textStandardized CAMA dataset based on: Seekircher, J., Burgard, T., & Bosnjak, M. (2023). The Effects of Clinical Meditation Programs on Stress and Well-Being. An Updated Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) With Active Comparison Groups. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 231(1), 16-29.unknow
Dataset for the construction of a questionnaire that measures couple identity
No full textAlthough couple identity has emerged as a relevant construct in clinical practice, there are few instruments to assess it, and none validated in Spanish. For this reason, we have designed and validated the EIPAR (Couple Identity Scale for its acronym in Spanish). It consists of 19 items scored on a 5-interval Likert-type scale. The items were developed from published theory in the field and were organised into two subscales: (a) Relational Interaction (RI), and (b) Relational Life Project (RLP). A sample of 205 participants was selected by non-probability snowball sampling, 69% of them were women. Participants completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and the EIPAR. The two subscales obtained in the EIPAR scale showed adequate internal consistency indices, as well as in the assessment of the total scale. Furthermore, all items showed adequate item-total corrected item-total correlations. The convergent validity of the EIPAR scale with the DAS determined a high level of compatibility between the DAS dimensions and the EIPAR subscales, reinforcing the design and coherence of the latter. The EIPAR is confirmed as a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of couple identity, both for research purposes and for intervention with couples.unknow
Verfahrensdokumentation für CASQ: Coping Across Situations Questionnaire
No full textDer CASQ erfasst das individuelle Bewältigungsverhalten von Jugendlichen in belastenden Situationen. 20 Bewältigungsstrategien in acht altersspezifischen Problembereichen werden den drei Subskalen "Aktive Bewältigung", "Internale Bewältigung" und "Rückzug" zugeordnet,. Reliabilität: Die interne Konsistenz nach Cronbachs Alpha lag bei Alpha = .73 bis Alpha = .88. Validität: Es konnten signifikante Unterschiede in der Problembewältigung in Bezug auf Geschlecht, Alter und Nationalität gefunden werden. Zudem beeinflussen Bindungsrepräsentationen die Problembewältigung von Jugendlichen. Bezüglich der Kriteriumsvalidität wurde nachgewiesen, dass "Aktive Bewältigung" positiv korreliert mit Selbstwert, elterlicher Wärme und der wahrgenommenen Effizienz des sozialen Netzwerks. Problemmeidendes Verhalten ist mit Internalisierung, Externalisierung, sowie psychologischem Druck und Ablehnung durch die Eltern verbunden.The CASQ measures the individual coping behavior of adolescents in stressful situations. 20 coping strategies in eight age-specific problem areas are assigned to the three subscales “Active coping”, “Internal coping” and “Withdrawal”. Reliability: The internal consistency according to Cronbach's alpha was alpha = .73 to alpha = .88. Validity: Significant differences in problem solving were found in relation to gender, age and nationality. In addition, attachment representations influence adolescents' problem solving. With regard to criterion validity, it was shown that “active coping” correlates positively with self-esteem, parental warmth and the perceived efficiency of the social network. Problem-avoidant behaviour is associated with internalization, externalization, psychological pressure and parental rejection.reviewedpublishedVersio
Dataset for: Investigating Inhibition in German-Turkish Multilinguals: The Role of Language Dominance and Language Context in Bilingual and Trilingual Language Switching
No full textLanguage production in multilinguals typically involves the simultaneous activation of multiple languages, leading to interference. The Inhibitory Control Model (ICM) posits that this interference is resolved through the inhibition of non-target languages, yet evidence of inhibition markers during language switching is often ambiguous. This study tested 24 balanced German-Turkish multilinguals (L1a German, L1b Turkish, L2 English) in cued picture naming and assessed n-2 language repetition costs as a marker of inhibition. These costs reflect persisting inhibition when switching back to a previously abandoned language (e.g., German-English-German) relative to a control condition (e.g., Turkish-English-German). We also asked participants to switch in all three pairwise language combinations in separate blocks, before and after the switching block with all three languages, to assess n-1 switch costs as a function of language pairing. Overall, we found n-2 language repetition costs, but these costs were not significantly stronger for the more dominant language(s). Moreover, all pairwise n-1 switch costs were symmetric, showing no evidence for differential control as a function of language dominance. Finally, we found that the intense switching experience with three languages produced a sustained relative downregulation of L1a German, suggesting proactive control of L1a German. Together, these findings provide support for inhibition being the main underlying mechanism of language control and question how language dominance relates to the strength of language control.unknow
Death Anxiety and its Relationship with Sensory Processing Sensitivity: A Quantitative Study using Online Survey Methodology
No full textPersonality factors have been shown to be associated with death anxiety, but sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), has yet to be examined in this context. Given the ubiquity of death-related media, it is proposed that SPS predisposes individuals to death anxiety in response to daily, death-related stimuli. As death and dying are ranked as prevalent stressors for caregivers, this study compared caregivers and non-caregivers in examining whether SPS and its subscales, low sensory threshold, ease of excitation and aesthetic sensitivity, are differentially associated with death anxiety across them. In the overall sample and in caregivers, SPS, low sensory threshold and excitation predicted death anxiety, after controlling for related variables. Only ease of excitation predicted death anxiety in non-caregivers. Future research may expand on these findings, by qualitatively examining the experience of death anxiety for those high in SPS, and in experimentally testing mechanisms linking SPS, and its subscales, with death anxiety.TC's research is supported by the National University of Ireland through a Travelling Doctoral Studentship.notReviewedothe
KLARpsy-Text: Trägt Musikhören zu einem besseren Umgang mit Stress bei?
No full textKLARpsy-Texte sind kurze, lai:innengerechte, allgemeinverständliche und richtlinienbasierte Zusammenfassungen psychologischer Übersichtsarbeiten. Dieser KLARpsy-Text hat den Titel “Trägt Musikhören zu einem besseren Umgang mit Stress bei?”. Er wurde von Mitarbeitenden des Leibniz-Instituts für Psychologie verfasst. Eine anonyme testlesende Person war beteiligt. Der KLARpsy-Text befasst sich mit folgenden Inhalten: Stress ist für viele Menschen ein Teil des Alltags. Studien zeigen, dass Musikhören dabei helfen kann, besser mit Stress umzugehen. Bisher wurde dies jedoch vor allem in klinischen Bereichen untersucht. Ob Musikhören auch in stressigen Alltagssituationen hilft, ist umstritten. Mit ihrer Übersichtsarbeit wollten die Forschenden herausfinden: 1) Hat das Hören von Musik einen Einfluss auf die Stressreaktion bei Erwachsenen? 2) Unterscheidet sich dieser Einfluss in Abhängigkeit von bestimmten Merkmalen, zum Beispiel der Art der Musik oder dem Tempo? Die Übersichtsarbeit findet keinen bedeutsamen Unterschied in den Stressreaktionen zwischen Erwachsenen, die Musik hören und Erwachsenen, die keine Musik hören.https://klarpsy.de/hintergrundunknownunknow
The gendered language (r)evolution: Introduction to the special topic
No full textNo abstract available.notReviewedpublishedVersio
Materialien der Forschungseinheit "Psychiatrie" (1. Welle der Berliner Altersstudie)
No full textMaterials from the "Psychiatry" research unit for the first wave of the Berlin Aging Study. The multidisciplinary Berlin Aging Study (BASE) was conducted by the Research Group on Aging and Societal Development of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences in collaboration with institutes and research centers belonging to the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Max Planck Institute for Human Development. The study was initially directed by a steering committee consisting of the late Paul B. Baltes (chair), head of the BASE Psychology Unit, Karl Ulrich Mayer (vice-chair), head of the BASE Sociology and Social Policy Unit, Hanfried Helmchen, head of the BASE Psychiatry Unit, and Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, head of the BASE Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Unit. The project was supported financially by several organizations including the German Federal Ministry for Research and Technology (1989–1991, 13 TA 011 + 13 TA 011/A) and the German Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women, and Youth (1992–1998, 314-1722-102/9 + 314-1722-102/9a) as well as by the institutions involved. From 2008 to 2011, it was co-sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01UW0808). The Center for Lifespan Psychology at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development has led the project since 2008 and Ulman Lindenberger has meanwhile become the speaker of BASE (see also https://www.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/research/research-centers/lip/projects/aging/base).BASE was established in 1989 to investigate questions about old and very old age from the joint and collaborative perspectives of four disciplines: psychiatry, psychology, sociology, and geriatrics/internal medicine (see Baltes et al., 1993, 2001). The initial goal of BASE (1990–1993) was to obtain extensive baseline information about old and very old age using a 14-session multidisciplinary Intensive Protocol covering older people’s mental and physical health, psychological functioning, and social and economic situation. The study design called for an age-by-sex stratified heterogeneous (locally representative) sample of 70- to over-100-year-olds. The central goal of the longitudinal study was to follow-up the core sample of participants who completed this Intensive Protocol. Extensive information about the baseline sample selectivity, assessment procedures, and cross-sectional findings are reported in Mayer and Baltes (1996; Baltes & Mayer, 1999; Baltes & Smith, 1997; Lindenberger et al., 1999).Materialien der Forschungseinheit "Psychiatrie" von der ersten Welle der Berliner Altersstudie. Die multidisziplinäre Berliner Altersstudie (BASE) wurde von der Forschungsgruppe Altern und gesellschaftliche Entwicklung der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Zusammenarbeit mit Instituten und Forschungszentren der Freien Universität Berlin, der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und dem Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung durchgeführt. Geleitet wurde die Studie zunächst von einem Lenkungsausschuss, bestehend aus dem verstorbenen Paul B. Baltes (Vorsitz), Leiter des BASE-Referats Psychologie, Karl Ulrich Mayer (stellvertretender Vorsitz), Leiter des BASE-Referats Soziologie und Sozialpolitik, Hanfried Helmchen, Leiter des BASE-Referats Psychiatrie, und Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, Leiterin des BASE-Referats Innere Medizin und Geriatrie. Das Projekt wurde u.a. durch das Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie (1989-1991, 13 TA 011 + 13 TA 011/A) und das Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (1992-1998, 314-1722-102/9 + 314-1722-102/9a) sowie durch die beteiligten Institutionen finanziell unterstützt. Von 2008 bis 2011 wurde es vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01UW0808) mitgefördert. Das Center for Lifespan Psychology am Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung leitet das Projekt seit 2008 und Ulman Lindenberger ist inzwischen Sprecher von BASE (siehe auch https://www.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/research/research-centers/lip/projects/aging/base).BASE wurde 1989 ins Leben gerufen, um Fragen zum Thema Alter und sehr hohes Alter aus der gemeinsamen und kooperativen Perspektive von vier Disziplinen zu untersuchen: Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Soziologie und Geriatrie/Innere Medizin (siehe Baltes et al., 1993, 2001). Ursprüngliches Ziel der BASE-Studie (1990-1993) war es, mit Hilfe eines multidisziplinären Intensivprotokolls, das 14 Sitzungen umfasste und die geistige und körperliche Gesundheit, das psychologische Funktionieren sowie die soziale und wirtschaftliche Situation älterer Menschen abdeckte, umfassende Basisinformationen über das Alter und das sehr hohe Alter zu erhalten. Das Studiendesign sah eine nach Alter und Geschlecht geschichtete, heterogene (lokal repräsentative) Stichprobe von 70- bis über 100-Jährigen vor. Das Hauptziel der Längsschnittstudie bestand darin, die Kernstichprobe der Teilnehmer, die das Intensivprotokoll absolviert haben, weiter zu verfolgen. Ausführliche Informationen über die Auswahl der Ausgangsstichprobe, die Beurteilungsverfahren und die Querschnittsergebnisse sind in Mayer und Baltes (1996; Baltes & Mayer, 1999; Baltes & Smith, 1997; Lindenberger et al., 1999) zu finden.notReviewedunknow
Do preschoolers use rules to represent their count list?
No full textWhen children first learn to count, what do they understand about the structure of the count system? The present study investigated English-speaking children’s ability to generalize the rules that structure their count list to novel contexts. A total of N = 86 children (3;0 – 6;11) completed a battery of tasks aimed at measuring their understanding of the English count list: they counted as high as they could, and were asked to generate successors to English numbers (e.g., “Fifty-seven: what comes next?”). Next, they were introduced to novel decade terms, and were asked to generate successors to numbers containing those terms (e.g., “Blicky-seven: what comes next?”). Children’s ability to generate successors was predicted by their counting ability, and a sizeable subset of children were able to generate successors both for novel numbers and for English numbers outside their productive count range. These data suggest that emerging counters can use their understanding of the structure of the English count list to generate successors to unfamiliar numbers.peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Social and ecological dominance orientations, climate change denial, and pro-environmental behaviour
No full textThis study was aimed at investigating the associations between social dominance orientation (SDO), ecological dominance orientation (EDO), climate change denial and past pro-environmental behaviour. A total of 348 individuals, aged between 18 and 61 years (M = 22.27; SD = 4.80), participated in this study. The results showed that SDO predicted all forms of climate change denial and past pro-environmental behaviour, although EDO only predicted denial of guilt. Additionally, the rationalisation of own involvement dimension of climate change denial, but no other dimensions of it, predicted past pro-environmental behaviour. Moreover, gender was a predictor of five dimensions of climate change denial and past pro-environmental behaviour.peerReviewedpublishedVersio