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Beyond symptomatic support: Students’ emotional experiences with climate change and how universities can help [Author Accepted Manuscript]
No full textResearch suggests that many young people in the UK experience worry and negative emotions about climate change. University students may be particularly likely to experience such emotions if, for example, exposed to distressing climate change content in their studies. In a pre-registered online mixed-methods study, we investigated climate anxiety, climate change-related emotions, thoughts, and views about their university’s role in climate action among 869 students at a large UK university. Results showed that students experienced moderate climate anxiety intensity across different situations. Students reported high levels of negative emotions, including sadness, helplessness, and powerlessness, and low optimism and indifference. Students also experienced high levels of negative climate change-related thoughts, such as “The future is frightening”. Regarding their university’s role, many students favoured more climate change-related teaching and mental health support. On average, students moderately endorsed the thought that their university was “Dismissing people’s distress” about climate change, which correlated significantly with students’ climate anxiety intensity (r = .32, p < .01) and frequency of strong climate anxiety symptoms (r = .30, p < .01). These results demonstrate serious impacts of climate change on students’ mental wellbeing. They also highlight the importance of universities recognising their responsibilities in climate action and protecting students’ wellbeing.This research was supported by a Research Training Support Grant from the Scottish Graduate School for Social Science (Grant number: ES/P000681/1).reviewedacceptedVersio
Transdiagnostic network mapping of psychopathology in daily life: Rationale and research protocol [Author Accepted Manuscript]
No full textBackground: The burden of mental health problems and the need for more effective interventions is well established. One path towards treatment improvement involves more effective (evidence-based) tailoring, which requires a deeper understanding of differences in individual profiles of psychopathology. The network approach to mental disorders has emerged as a promising framework in this regard, as it sees and assesses psychopathology as individual networks of interacting symptoms and other variables and uses analysis methods that allow fine-grained analyses of (differences in) individual processes.
Method: We describe the protocol of a 6-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study in a broad clinical population, designed to capture various transdiagnostic psychopathology relevant states. Participants are Dutch adults (desired = 600) who are currently awaiting intake- or start of treatment for psychopathology. In addition to EMA self-reports, we collect digital phenotyping data, a broad range of baseline data on symptomatology and transdiagnostic traits, and diagnostic classifications after intake. The study’s primary aims are to estimate individual- and group networks of psychopathology (mapping), explore what factors can explain individual differences in networks (linking), and identify potential subgroups based on the networks (clustering). Finally, we plan to evaluate the measures and procedures to facilitate future transdiagnostic EMA (network) research.
Discussion: The prospective study findings have the potential to advance the description, prediction, and assessment of psychopathology and to evaluate the utility of the network framework in achieving these aims. The insights gained may facilitate the evaluation and refinement of current classifications of mental health conditions and alternative transdiagnostic approaches.This study is part of the project ‘New Science of Mental Disorders’ (www.nsmd.eu), supported by the Dutch Research Council and the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (NWO gravitation grant number 024.004.016).reviewedacceptedVersio
Dataset for: Advancing Transparency and Reproducibility: Criteria for Documenting Research Synthesis Processes and Data
No full textThis study addresses the adaptation of research synthesis standards in social, educational, and psychological sciences. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive documentation and adherence to reporting guidelines and FAIR principles to ensure transparency, reproducibility, and data reuse. Existing guidelines like PRISMA and FAIR guide documentation but lack specifics on making methodological data accessible. The study aims to develop a set of criteria to document review processes and data, enhancing reproducibility in psychology and education. Using a sample of 100 systematic reviews within these disciplines, it evaluates the adherence to these criteria. The results will reveal the extent of documentation rigor, identify missing elements, and inform recommendations for improving research synthesis documentation. The study's findings will contribute to standardizing synthesis documentation, promoting transparency and collaboration in the scientific community.unknow
Unconscious Elevated Bottom-Up Processing in Depression
No full textIntroduction: MRI compatible EEG systems enable simultaneous EEG-fMRI data assessment, which provides high spatial and high temporal resolution of neural signaling data. Functional connectivity analyses suggest altered fronto-limbic emotion regulation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).
Methods: Sixty patients with MDD an 66 healthy controls (HC) performed a priming task using unconsciously and consciously presented emotional facial expressions (happy, sad, neutral) performed a priming task using unconsciously and consciously presented emotional facial expressions. Effective connectivity of simultaneously recorded EEG-fMRI data between cortical (bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and fusiform gyrus) and subcortical regions (bilateral amygdala) was captured using dynamic causal modeling (DCM). Delineate stimulus- related changes in bottom-up and top-down neurophysiological networks across both EEG and fMRI data were estimated in models of unconscious and conscious processing, defined for both groups.
Results: Bayesian model selection favored a bottom-up processing model for both groups and input conditions (conscious and unconscious) in EEG-DCMs. Mixed top-down and bottom-up processing models best represented conscious and unconscious stimulus processing in HC fMRI-DCM, while bottom-up models were most representative for MDD fMRI data. Amygdala activity leads to higher DLPFC activity in conscious, and lower DLPFC activity in unconscious conditions in both groups.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the distinct capabilities of EEG and fMRI data through, showing that EEG captures early and fast processing (bottom-up) while fMRI reflect both, bottom-up and top-down regulation. Activity reduction of DLPFC through FFA bottom-up connectivity in early processing (EEG-DCM) might inhibit later top-down emotion regulation through the DLPFC in MDD (fMRI-DCM).notReviewedothe
Nostalgia for what and to what end? Multi-dimensional national nostalgia and its relationship with national identification and political preferences
No full textResearch on group-based nostalgia has begun exploring how different ways of representing the pasts shapes our group belonging and political preferences. So far, this body of work has focused on measuring levels of nostalgia, at the expense of considering what people are nostalgic for. The present paper develops a bottom-up approach to examining how the content of national nostalgia links with specific social and political attitudes. Across two studies, drawing on open-ended and close-ended survey data from the UK (Study 1, N = 3,005, and Study 2, N = 318), USA (Study 2, N = 305), and Sweden (Study 2, N = 234), we develop and test a multi-dimensional national nostalgia (MDNN) scale which captures nostalgia for communality, achievements, and power/status. Across the three countries we find persistent evidence that nostalgia for power/status is associated with stronger national identification, right-wing ideology, and right-wing party favorability, while nostalgia for communality and achievements vary in their associations with political preferences. Our findings reveal the various forms that national nostalgia can take, its implications for linking longing with belonging, as well as the variations that can occur in different national and political contexts.peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Measuring cultural capital using book collections. What are we missing by not asking about digital objects?
No full textEven though Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital is often criticized as poorly defined and vague, it remains a central and widely used concept in research on the reproduction of social inequality. In this regard, objectified cultural capital is most often captured by the prominent indicator of the number of books in the household. In times of advancing digitization, the question arises to what extent this indicator does neglect a crucial part of book collections—namely e-books. Using German survey data on cultural participation from 2018, we therefore assess whether a combined indicator of physical and digital book collections is more valid than the traditional indicator of number of printed books in the household. Our empirical findings indicate that, at the time of the survey, the information gains are marginal if digital collections are additionally considered.peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Ersterhebung der 2. Wiederholungsbefragung 1995/1996 (3. Welle der Berliner Altersstudie)
No full textIntake assessment of the 2nd follow-up survey 1995/1996 used during the third wave of the Berlin Aging Study. The multidisciplinary Berlin Aging Study (BASE) was conducted by the Research Group on Aging and Societal Development of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences in collaboration with institutes and research centers belonging to the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Max Planck Institute for Human Development. The study was initially directed by a steering committee consisting of the late Paul B. Baltes (chair), head of the BASE Psychology Unit, Karl Ulrich Mayer (vice-chair), head of the BASE Sociology and Social Policy Unit, Hanfried Helmchen, head of the BASE Psychiatry Unit, and Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, head of the BASE Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Unit. The project was supported financially by several organizations including the German Federal Ministry for Research and Technology (1989–1991, 13 TA 011 + 13 TA 011/A) and the German Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women, and Youth (1992–1998, 314-1722-102/9 + 314-1722-102/9a) as well as by the institutions involved. From 2008 to 2011, it was co-sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01UW0808). The Center for Lifespan Psychology at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development has led the project since 2008 and Ulman Lindenberger has meanwhile become the speaker of BASE (see also https://www.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/research/research-centers/lip/projects/aging/base).BASE was established in 1989 to investigate questions about old and very old age from the joint and collaborative perspectives of four disciplines: psychiatry, psychology, sociology, and geriatrics/internal medicine (see Baltes et al., 1993, 2001). The initial goal of BASE (1990–1993) was to obtain extensive baseline information about old and very old age using a 14-session multidisciplinary Intensive Protocol covering older people’s mental and physical health, psychological functioning, and social and economic situation. The study design called for an age-by-sex stratified heterogeneous (locally representative) sample of 70- to over-100-year-olds. The central goal of the longitudinal study was to follow-up the core sample of participants who completed this Intensive Protocol. Extensive information about the baseline sample selectivity, assessment procedures, and cross-sectional findings are reported in Mayer and Baltes (1996; Baltes & Mayer, 1999; Baltes & Smith, 1997; Lindenberger et al., 1999).Ersterhebung der 2. Wiederholungsbefragung 1995/1996 von der dritten Welle der Berliner Altersstudie. Die multidisziplinäre Berliner Altersstudie (BASE) wurde von der Forschungsgruppe Altern und gesellschaftliche Entwicklung der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Zusammenarbeit mit Instituten und Forschungszentren der Freien Universität Berlin, der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und dem Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung durchgeführt. Geleitet wurde die Studie zunächst von einem Lenkungsausschuss, bestehend aus dem verstorbenen Paul B. Baltes (Vorsitz), Leiter des BASE-Referats Psychologie, Karl Ulrich Mayer (stellvertretender Vorsitz), Leiter des BASE-Referats Soziologie und Sozialpolitik, Hanfried Helmchen, Leiter des BASE-Referats Psychiatrie, und Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, Leiterin des BASE-Referats Innere Medizin und Geriatrie. Das Projekt wurde u.a. durch das Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie (1989-1991, 13 TA 011 + 13 TA 011/A) und das Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (1992-1998, 314-1722-102/9 + 314-1722-102/9a) sowie durch die beteiligten Institutionen finanziell unterstützt. Von 2008 bis 2011 wurde es vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01UW0808) mitgefördert. Das Center for Lifespan Psychology am Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung leitet das Projekt seit 2008 und Ulman Lindenberger ist inzwischen Sprecher von BASE (siehe auch https://www.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/research/research-centers/lip/projects/aging/base).BASE wurde 1989 ins Leben gerufen, um Fragen zum Thema Alter und sehr hohes Alter aus der gemeinsamen und kooperativen Perspektive von vier Disziplinen zu untersuchen: Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Soziologie und Geriatrie/Innere Medizin (siehe Baltes et al., 1993, 2001). Ursprüngliches Ziel der BASE-Studie (1990-1993) war es, mit Hilfe eines multidisziplinären Intensivprotokolls, das 14 Sitzungen umfasste und die geistige und körperliche Gesundheit, das psychologische Funktionieren sowie die soziale und wirtschaftliche Situation älterer Menschen abdeckte, umfassende Basisinformationen über das Alter und das sehr hohe Alter zu erhalten. Das Studiendesign sah eine nach Alter und Geschlecht geschichtete, heterogene (lokal repräsentative) Stichprobe von 70- bis über 100-Jährigen vor. Das Hauptziel der Längsschnittstudie bestand darin, die Kernstichprobe der Teilnehmer, die das Intensivprotokoll absolviert haben, weiter zu verfolgen. Ausführliche Informationen über die Auswahl der Ausgangsstichprobe, die Beurteilungsverfahren und die Querschnittsergebnisse sind in Mayer und Baltes (1996; Baltes & Mayer, 1999; Baltes & Smith, 1997; Lindenberger et al., 1999) zu finden.notReviewedunknow
Psychiatric & psychological brief psychotherapy PKP for depression - an empirical outcome study
No full textThis paper reports on a field study comparing depression treatment with Psychiatric and Psychological Brief Psychotherapy (PKP) with a waiting list control group. The theoretical and research background of PKP is the assumption that psychological symptoms in general and depression in particular can be interpreted behaviourally as avoidance behaviour: In a very difficult interpersonal situation, people refrain from defensively asserting their own interests. In order for this avoidance to succeed, feelings such as anger, rage or sadness must be consistently suppressed. This is only possible with the help of symptom formation. The aim of therapy is therefore to make these feelings accessible again by carrying out emotion exposures. PKP is a modular psychotherapy in which the goal and approach are individually tailored to the personal problems of each patient. Work was carried out in 24 weekly sessions with consultation and therapy cards.The therapy culminated in 6 four-weekly maintenance therapy sessions. There were highly significant improvements with good to very good effect sizes. Only a few patients required conversion to long-term therapy. The catamnesis after a further 6 months showed stable therapeutic success.https://eupehs.org/haupt/european-psychotherapy/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
A practical guide to conducting dose-response meta-analyses in epidemiology
No full textDose-response relationships between continuous risk factors and disease outcomes are necessary for understanding the risks related to different levels of exposure. Dose-response risk curves can lead to more targeted public health messaging, prevention efforts, and policy implementation. Meta-analyses are often used to combine statistical results from different studies and can be used to model dose-response relationships. However, several challenges are encountered when performing dose-response meta-analysis, such as having heterogeneous reference categories, inconsistent measures of risk, and determining the most accurate shape of the curve. In this paper, we propose a three-step process for estimating dose-response relationships via meta-analysis, which involves: 1) harmonizing the measures of risk, 2) homogenizing the reference category, and 3) selecting meta-regression models. We use data obtained from a systematic review on the dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of chronic liver disease to provide an example of the proposed process.peerReviewedpublishedVersio