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Supplementary Materials: result tables hypotheses 2 and 3_ISPO Study
No full textSupplementary Materials to the Stage 2 Registered Report: Impulsivity and online sports betting behavior: Untangling the causal relationshipThe rapid expansion of online sports betting has raised concerns about its potential impact on individual health and public health. In order to further develop etiological models for gambling disorder (GD) in sports betting, it is essential to unravel the underlying causal processes. Recent studies have identified risky online gambling behavior as an early indicator of GD. This study focuses on impulsivity as a well-documented risk factor for GD and investigated whether increased impulsivity leads to risky online gambling behavior and subsequently contributes to GD. Impulsivity, risky gambling behavior, and GD symptoms were assessed three times at three-month intervals using a longitudinal cross-lagged panel design. We recruited a final sample of n = 427 regular sports bettors from the online gambling provider Tipico. Impulsivity and GD were assessed using a combination of online experimental tasks and questionnaires. As a measure of risky gambling behavior, Tipico provided player tracking data for allparticipants. Random intercept cross‐lagged panel models were used to test the evidence for our hypotheses. Results showed partial support for the role of impulsivity in the development of GD, particularly through facets such as impulsive choice and certain impulsive personality traits. However, the findings suggest that impulsivity does not directly predict risky betting behavior, nor does such behavior mediate the relationship between impulsivity and GD severity. These results emphasize the complexity of pathways to GD, highlighting the need to explore multifactorial models incorporating emotional, cognitive, and environmental mediators.unknownunknow
R script for the analyses in the paper "Artificial social smarts"
No full textThis script performs the analyses to compare human and AI data in the SJT und creates the figures shown in the manuscript "Artificial social smarts".unknownunknow
The Impact of Language Control State on Cognate Facilitation: What Happens to the L1? (Part 2)
No full textCognates are translation-equivalent words that are similar or even identical across languages in phonological and orthographic form. Previous research has shown that pictures of cognates are more easily named by bilinguals than non-cognates. However, such cognate facilitation may depend on the exact task demands and language control state a bilingual is in. To investigate further the mechanisms of cognate facilitation, we conducted Experiment 1 (preregistration: https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.14636) where we manipulated the frequency of cognates versus non-cognates within blocks of a L2 picture naming task. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found larger cognate facilitation in blocks with more cognates. In a follow-up (Experiment 2, preregistration: https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.16058), it was our goal 1) to replicate the observed larger cognate facilitation in majority cognate blocks and 2) to better understand the underlying cognitive mechanism behind it. To do the latter, participants additionally engaged in a diagnostic task designed to measure L1 activation. This diagnostic task was a L1 fragment completion task between L2 naming blocks, which included “old” (translations of non-cognate words included in the L2 naming blocks) and “new” words, to measure how activation of L1 words may be adjusted during L2 naming in majority cognate vs. majority non-cognate blocks. In this experiment (Experiment 3), we use a similar approach with the exception that, as a diagnostic task, participants now complete a L1 picture naming task in-between the L2 ones. To-be-named pictures will again be of “old” and “new” non-cognate concepts. As before, we make predictions as to how L1 production of “old” and “new” words should differ, depending on the presumed underlying cognitive control processes (e.g., word-specific L1 inhibition or activation).unknownothe
Psychiatric brief psychotherapy PKP of depression in combined group and single-therapy for psychiatric departments - Looking back on 14 years PKP-Practice in hospital
No full textAs the length of stay of depressive patients in acute psychiatric inpatient treatment is usually only six weeks and individual treatments are not feasible for staffing reasons, it is necessary to use structured short-term treatments in a group setting on the hospital ward. Psychiatric Brief Psychotherapy PKP is a variant of Strategic Brief Therapy adapted for psychiatric clinics and practices (Sulz, 2007, 2017a, Sulz et al., 2011). Established evidence-based cognitive and emotive treatment techniques are integrated (Sulz & Hauke, 2009). In particular, PKP uses brief interventions to develop a treatment strategy, which makes PKP particularly suitable for creating a completed therapy step during a consultation or clinic visit. PKP can be implemented as a combined group and individual therapeutic treatment concept in general psychiatric and psychotherapeutically orientated wards of a care clinic (Algermissen & Rösser, 2019, 2021). Our large therapy study shows the results of a scientific evaluation (n= 1196) of this innovative therapy concept in the Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics at Braunschweig Hospital. PKP is effective and conserves resources - with high patient acceptance. In co-operation with a psychiatric outpatient clinic or psychotherapists in private practice, cross-sector treatment paths can be planned. A catamnestic examination shows a high level of consistency in the therapy results. This shows that far more systematic psychotherapies can be applied in psychiatric clinics without having more staff available. This could significantly increase the effectiveness of inpatient psychiatric treatment.https://eupehs.org/haupt/european-psychotherapy/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Dataset for: Exploring the Relationship Between Prosocial Tendencies and Ecologically Conscious Consumer Behavior
No full textThis research explores how prosocial behavior relates to environmentally responsible consumer choices. Prosocial behavior—actions aimed at supporting others—can extend to ecological concern, shaping decisions that prioritize sustainability. In this study, adult participants completed assessments measuring both tendencies, and their scores were compared to identify patterns of association. The analysis revealed that prosocial orientations of all types showed a positive relationship with environmentally conscious purchasing, with the strongest connections appearing among individuals motivated by empathy, urgency, and deeply held moral beliefs. Acts driven by social recognition, obligation, or altruism also demonstrated notable links, though the associations were somewhat weaker. These results highlight that sustainable consumption is more strongly influenced by internalized, emotionally grounded motivations than by external pressures or conformity. Overall, the findings align with theoretical perspectives that emphasize moral responsibility and personal values as key forces in shaping pro-environmental behavior.unknow
Thirty years of the Give-N task: A systematic review, reflections, and recommendations
No full textThe Give-N (give-a-number) task has become a popular assessment of children’s number words and counting knowledge since Wynn’s (1990, 1992) seminal work over 30 years ago. Using the Give-N task, numerous studies have shown that children learn the first few number words slowly, before they understand how counting represents number. This learning trajectory and children's associated behaviors on the Give-N task are represented by “knower-levels” and form the basis for a large body of research assessing children’s number learning. Recent research has started to critically analyze the theoretical conceptualisation and reliability of knower-levels. We added to this work by conducting a systematic review of studies using the Give-N task. This review provides an overview of methodological practices and variations in the task’s administration and scoring of knower-levels which have theoretical and methodological implications. We argue that advancing methodology and theory for research in children’s number learning requires (1) consideration of Give-N task administration and scoring in study design and reporting and (2) reflection on the assumptions and limitations of classifying children’s performance on the Give-N task in the knower-level framework.peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Ersterhebung der 7. Wiederholungsbefragung 2008 (8. Welle der Berliner Altersstudie)
No full textIntake assessment of the 7th follow-up survey 2008 used during the eigth wave of the Berlin Aging Study. The multidisciplinary Berlin Aging Study (BASE) was conducted by the Research Group on Aging and Societal Development of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences in collaboration with institutes and research centers belonging to the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Max Planck Institute for Human Development. The study was initially directed by a steering committee consisting of the late Paul B. Baltes (chair), head of the BASE Psychology Unit, Karl Ulrich Mayer (vice-chair), head of the BASE Sociology and Social Policy Unit, Hanfried Helmchen, head of the BASE Psychiatry Unit, and Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, head of the BASE Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Unit. The project was supported financially by several organizations including the German Federal Ministry for Research and Technology (1989–1991, 13 TA 011 + 13 TA 011/A) and the German Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women, and Youth (1992–1998, 314-1722-102/9 + 314-1722-102/9a) as well as by the institutions involved. From 2008 to 2011, it was co-sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01UW0808). The Center for Lifespan Psychology at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development has led the project since 2008 and Ulman Lindenberger has meanwhile become the speaker of BASE (see also https://www.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/research/research-centers/lip/projects/aging/base).BASE was established in 1989 to investigate questions about old and very old age from the joint and collaborative perspectives of four disciplines: psychiatry, psychology, sociology, and geriatrics/internal medicine (see Baltes et al., 1993, 2001). The initial goal of BASE (1990–1993) was to obtain extensive baseline information about old and very old age using a 14-session multidisciplinary Intensive Protocol covering older people’s mental and physical health, psychological functioning, and social and economic situation. The study design called for an age-by-sex stratified heterogeneous (locally representative) sample of 70- to over-100-year-olds. The central goal of the longitudinal study was to follow-up the core sample of participants who completed this Intensive Protocol. Extensive information about the baseline sample selectivity, assessment procedures, and cross-sectional findings are reported in Mayer and Baltes (1996; Baltes & Mayer, 1999; Baltes & Smith, 1997; Lindenberger et al., 1999).Ersterhebung der 7. Wiederholungsbefragung 2008 von der achten Welle der Berliner Altersstudie. Die multidisziplinäre Berliner Altersstudie (BASE) wurde von der Forschungsgruppe Altern und gesellschaftliche Entwicklung der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Zusammenarbeit mit Instituten und Forschungszentren der Freien Universität Berlin, der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und dem Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung durchgeführt. Geleitet wurde die Studie zunächst von einem Lenkungsausschuss, bestehend aus dem verstorbenen Paul B. Baltes (Vorsitz), Leiter des BASE-Referats Psychologie, Karl Ulrich Mayer (stellvertretender Vorsitz), Leiter des BASE-Referats Soziologie und Sozialpolitik, Hanfried Helmchen, Leiter des BASE-Referats Psychiatrie, und Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, Leiterin des BASE-Referats Innere Medizin und Geriatrie. Das Projekt wurde u.a. durch das Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie (1989-1991, 13 TA 011 + 13 TA 011/A) und das Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (1992-1998, 314-1722-102/9 + 314-1722-102/9a) sowie durch die beteiligten Institutionen finanziell unterstützt. Von 2008 bis 2011 wurde es vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01UW0808) mitgefördert. Das Center for Lifespan Psychology am Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung leitet das Projekt seit 2008 und Ulman Lindenberger ist inzwischen Sprecher von BASE (siehe auch https://www.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/research/research-centers/lip/projects/aging/base).BASE wurde 1989 ins Leben gerufen, um Fragen zum Thema Alter und sehr hohes Alter aus der gemeinsamen und kooperativen Perspektive von vier Disziplinen zu untersuchen: Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Soziologie und Geriatrie/Innere Medizin (siehe Baltes et al., 1993, 2001). Ursprüngliches Ziel der BASE-Studie (1990-1993) war es, mit Hilfe eines multidisziplinären Intensivprotokolls, das 14 Sitzungen umfasste und die geistige und körperliche Gesundheit, das psychologische Funktionieren sowie die soziale und wirtschaftliche Situation älterer Menschen abdeckte, umfassende Basisinformationen über das Alter und das sehr hohe Alter zu erhalten. Das Studiendesign sah eine nach Alter und Geschlecht geschichtete, heterogene (lokal repräsentative) Stichprobe von 70- bis über 100-Jährigen vor. Das Hauptziel der Längsschnittstudie bestand darin, die Kernstichprobe der Teilnehmer, die das Intensivprotokoll absolviert haben, weiter zu verfolgen. Ausführliche Informationen über die Auswahl der Ausgangsstichprobe, die Beurteilungsverfahren und die Querschnittsergebnisse sind in Mayer und Baltes (1996; Baltes & Mayer, 1999; Baltes & Smith, 1997; Lindenberger et al., 1999) zu finden.notReviewedunknow
PSYNDEX Tests Review für DRT - Deutsch- und Rechen-Test
No full textThis is a PSYNDEX Tests Review of DRT - Deutsch- und Rechen-Test. PSYNDEX Tests Reviews are written in German and describe and evaluate psychological and educational tests used in the German-speaking countries. PSYNDEX Tests is offered by the Leibniz Institute for Psychology as open access documentation.Das ist ein PSYNDEX Tests Review zu DRT - Deutsch- und Rechen-Test. PSYNDEX Tests Reviews beschreiben und bewerten zentrale psychologische und pädagogische Testverfahren, die in den deutschsprachigen Ländern eingesetzt werden, nach einem standardisierten Raster. PSYNDEX Tests wird durch das Leibniz-Institut für Psychologie als Open Access Dokumentation angeboten.Diagnostische Zielsetzung: Der Deutsch- und Rechentest erfasst spezifische schulische und berufliche Grundkompetenzen von schulleistungsschwächeren Jugendlichen mit dem Grundanspruch aus Real- und Oberschulen sowie Integrations- und Spezialklassen aus dem Bereich der Deutsch- und Rechenleistung in der Schweiz. Der DRT findet hierbei Anwendung in der Schul- und Berufsberatung oder optimiert in Kombination mit den Schulnoten die Vorhersage des Ausbildungs- und Berufserfolgs. Aufbau: Der DRT besteht aus 10 Untertests mit insgesamt 128 Items, wobei die Untertests folgenden Primärskalen zuordenbar sind: (1) Satztransformation, (2) Rechtschreibung, (3) Textverständnis, (4) Algebra, (5) Grundrechnen sowie (6) Dezimalbrüche, Masse, Bruchrechnen, Prozentrechnen und Dreisatz. Die verbalen Primärskalen (1) bis (3) beziehen sich auf die Sekundärskala (7) Deutschleistung und die numerischen Primärskalen (4) bis (6) auf die Sekundärskala (8) Rechenleistung. Grundlagen und Konstruktion: Dem auf Basis der Klassischen Testtheorie konstruierten DRT liegt keine spezielle Sprachtheorie zu Grunde. Er wurde in Anlehnung an vorhandene Verfahren wie den Allgemeinen Deutschen Sprachtest (ADST), den Rechtschreibtest - Neue Rechtschreibregelung (RST-NRR) und den Berufsbezogenen Rechentest (BRT) entwickelt, wobei Items in modifizierter Form aufgenommen wurden. Eine erste Auflage erschien 2005, 2010 folgte eine zweite und 2019 eine dritte überarbeitete Auflage, in der lediglich der Text des Subtests (3) Textverständnis erneuert und an die heutige Zeit angepasst wurde. Empirische Prüfung und Gütekriterien: Reliabilität: Die internen Konsistenzen (Cronbachs Alpha) liegen getrennt für die Stadt Zürich und die deutsche Schweiz sowie für Jugendliche der 8. und 9. Klasse wie ebenso für die Gesamtstichprobe (8. und 9. Klasse) vor. Die internen Konsistenzen der Primärskalen befinden sich im Bereich von .62 < = Alpha < = .94. Darüber hinaus weist die Sekundärskala (7) Deutschleistung interne Konsistenzen im Bereich von .90 < = Alpha < = .94 und die Sekundärskala (8) Rechenleistung interne Konsistenzen im Bereich von .85 < = Alpha < = .89 auf. Weitere Reliabilitätskennwerte wie die Profilreliabilität liegen nicht vor. Validität: Die Konstruktvalidität kann durch die Korrelationen der verbalen Primärskalen zur Sekundärskala (7) Deutschleistung sowie die Korrelationen der numerischen Primärskalen zur Sekundärskala (8) Rechenleistung gezeigt werden. Die Konstruktvalidität kann auch durch die durchgeführte Faktorenanalyse belegt werden, welche eine zweidimensionale Faktorstruktur ergab. Zur Beurteilung der konvergenten und diskriminanten internen sowie externen Kriteriumsvalidität wurden die Ergebnisse des DRT mit dem Intelligenztest B53, dem Schulniveau (Schultypen) und den Schulnoten in Deutsch und Mathematik sowie der Fremdsprachennote und der Note im Fach Detailhandelspraxis korreliert. Zur Überprüfung der Prognosevalidität ergaben sich signifikante Zusammenhänge der Deutschnote, einzelner verbaler Primärskalen und der Sekundärskala (7) Deutschleistung im 8. Schuljahr mit der Deutschnote. Ebenso korrelieren die Mathematiknote, einzelne numerische Primärskalen und die Sekundärskala (8)Rechenleistung" im 8. Schuljahr positiv mit der Rechennote. Einzelne Primärskalen und die beiden Sekundärskalen hängen positiv mit dem Berufsniveau der gewählten Lehre in der Folgebefragung zusammen. Normen: Es existieren Normwerte in Form von Prozenträngen, getrennt für Jugendliche des 8. und 9. Schuljahrs sowie getrennt für die Stadt Zürich und die deutsche Schweiz. Die Eichung von Jugendlichen der Stadt Zürich fand 2003 statt (n = 834 Jugendliche zwischen 13 und 18 Jahren). Die Eichung von Jugendlichen der deutschen Schweiz erfolgte 2004 anhand einer Stichprobe von n = 405 Schülern/Schülerinnen zwischen 14 und 18 Jahren. Weitere Normwerte in Form von Prozenträngen wurden 2006 und 2007 für die Sekundärskalen für Personen der ersten und zweiten Klasse in "Anlehr- und Attestausbildungen" (n = 114 Jugendliche zwischen 16 und 21 Jahren) erhoben. Aus den Prozenträngen aller Sekundärskalen können entsprechende Stanine-Werte abgeleitet werden.publishedVersio
Comprehensive Scientific Literature Review on Social and Psychological Factors Shaping Neurocosmetic Adoption
No full textBackground: The field of aesthetic medicine is undergoing a profound transformation, moving beyond its traditional focus on physical enhancement to encompass the complex interplay of cultural, social, and psychological factors. Global beauty standards, once dominated by a singular Western ideal, are giving way to a more nuanced, culturally specific approach that seeks to preserve ethnic identity rather than homogenize appearance. A critical analysis of social and psychological determinants reveals the pervasive influence of digital media, which, while democratizing access to information, simultaneously fosters unrealistic expectations and exacerbates psychological vulnerabilities such as Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). The report defines neurocosmetics as products that modulate the skin-brain axis to achieve both aesthetic and psychological benefits, marking a conceptual shift from simple beautification to affective intervention and holistic wellness. Methods: This comprehensive scientific literature review synthesizes recent academic research to explore the multifaceted drivers of aesthetic treatment adoption, with a particular emphasis on the emerging field of neurocosmetics. A systematic literature search was conducted across a range of academic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and ResearchGate. The search utilized key terms and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) such as "cultural variations," "aesthetic medicine," "social sciences," "psychological factors," "neurocosmetics," "body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)," and "social media influence." The collected research was then subjected to thematic analysis to identify key trends, points of scholarly consensus, contradictions, and critical gaps in the existing body of knowledge. Results: The review establishes that the decision to pursue aesthetic treatment is deeply rooted in a complex web of cultural, social, and psychological determinants. Contemporary research indicates significant regional variations in aesthetic preferences, with a shift toward culturally competent practices that preserve ethnic traits. Social media perpetuates unrealistic ideals, correlating with increased desire for procedures and BDD prevalence. Neurocosmetics leverage neuroactive ingredients like neuropeptides and botanical extracts to influence emotional responses, with the market projected to reach approximately $3.13 billion by 2030. However, evidence for efficacy in treating anxiety and depression remains limited, relying on small-scale studies. Conclusions: This review underscores the ethical imperative for practitioners to adopt a holistic, patient-centric model that integrates robust psychological screening, cultural competence, and transparent communication to safeguard patient well-being in an increasingly commercialized and digitally-driven landscape.notReviewedothe
The preservation of dignity at the end of life – a comparison of dignity-preserving methods
No full textDie würdezentrierte Therapie nach Chochinov sowie das Lebenspanorama samt Lebensbilanz nach Petzold bieten Klienten die Möglichkeit, am Ende ihres Lebensweges in ihrem Würdegefühl gestärkt zu werden, indem sie von ihrem Leben erzählen können. Während das Ziehen einer Lebensbilanz mit Hilfe des Lebenspanoramas therapeutisch kreativer sowie konfrontativer sein kann und der Klient Erlebtes neu zu bewerten vermag, erhalten die Klienten beim würdezentrierten Interview einen aufmerksamen Zuhörer und einen Weg, sich ihren Angehörigen mit Hilfe eines Schriftstücks mitzuteilen. In der Integrativen Therapie werden dazu sogenannte «Vermächtnisse» erarbeitet.The dignity-centered therapy according to Chochinov and the life panorama according to Petzold offer patients the opportunity to feel their dignity at the end of life by being able to talk about their life. While taking stock of life with the help of the life panorama is therapeutically more creative and confrontational and the client can re-evaluate what has been experienced, in the dignity-centered interview the patients receive an attentive listener and a way of remembering relatives with the help of a piece of writing. In Integrative Therapy, so-called “legacies” are developed.https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/08-2025-bucher-schneider-t-die-bewahrung-von-wuerde-am-ende-des-lebensweges-ein-vergleich-wuerdebewahrender-methoden/peerReviewedpublishedVersio