Ishikawa Prefectural University Academic Information Repository / 石川県立大学学術情報リポジトリ
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Seven-year population fluctuation of the threatened tiger beetle Abroscelis anchoralis punctatissima on the beach in the Noto Peninsula in Japan
Get PDF絶滅危惧種イカリモンハンミョウは、日本では九州と本州だけに分布する。本州では能登半島の１カ所の海岸にのみ生息する。能登半島では一時絶滅したと考えられていたが、1994 年に現生息地の海岸で再発見された。2012 年から2018 年に行った成虫調査では、再発見当初1800 頭近い個体数が記録されていた海岸北部で最初の３年間はほとんど発見されない状態が続き、その後、緩やかに増え始め2018 年に急増したことが確認された。海岸南部と中央部では、最初の２年間は発見当初とほぼ同じ個体数が維持されており、2014 年から急速に増えたことが確認された。このように能登半島の個体群は、ここ数年は増加傾向にあるが、2010 年前後の著しい個体数低下がボトルネックとなり、遺伝的多様性が低下していることが示唆されている。The coastal tiger beetle Abroscelis anchoralis punctatissima is a threatened species in Japan and is distributed in Kyushu and Honshu. In Honshu, it is currently present only on a sandy beach approximately 3 km in length on the Noto Peninsula. In the 1980s, this species was thought to be extinct on the Noto Peninsula until it was rediscovered in its current habitat in 1994. To clarify the current situation of the species, we surveyed the abundance of adult beetles on the beach from 2012 to 2018. During the first three years, we found few adult beetles in the northern section of the beach where approximately 1800 beetles were counted in 1995. In the middle and the south sections of the beach, the adult numbers did not show a decrease, but the numbers were not large from the beginning, i.e . approximately 1/5 and 1/10 of those in the northern section in 1995. The adult numbers gradually increased from 2015 in the northern section, and rapidly increased from 2014 in the south and from 2015 in the middle. Thus, although this species has increased in last few years, it was confirmed that the adult numbers in the habitat significantly decreased in the early 2010s. Therefore, the genetic variation of the population, which may have been reduced by the bottleneck, requires further investigation.departmental bulletin pape
A suitable habitat for Ikarimon tiger beetle larvae
Get PDF石川県にはイカリモンハンミョウが生息する砂浜海岸がある。彼らが一生を過ごし、いのちをつなぐ、地域のお宝ともいえる砂浜である。成虫が見られるのは夏の2か月程度で、残りの期間の多くを幼虫で過ごす。幼虫は、砂浜に縦穴を掘り、そこに身を隠して頭上に獲物が来るのをじっと待つ。そこは餌生物が多いという利点があるものの、捕食するには巣穴入口が開いていることが必要で、その条件を満たすには地表水分という物理的要素が関わっている。砂が乾きすぎたり湿りすぎたりすれば、巣穴開口を維持することは難しい。さまざまな天候条件下で地表水分はどのように変動するのだろうか。本研究では、幼虫巣穴周りの地表水分が安定的であることを明らかにする。A sand beach in Hakui, Ishikawa is a habitat of a threatened coastal tiger beetle species: Ikarimon tiger beetle. The tiger beetles spend their lifetime there, sustaining their lives to the next generation. The adults appear on the beach for two months in summer, and the other period is mostly a larval stage. The larvae have individual burrows in the sand, hiding themselves there for hunting. When finding a prey approaching, the predator pounces it on the surface. This hunting style requires to keep the burrow mouth open; therefore, the water content of the surface layer can be an influential factor for the larval growth. This study reveals the change in the water content on the beach surface under different ground water levels and various weather conditions, considering a suitable habitat for the larval growth.departmental bulletin pape
Previous study review applying point visit optimization in agricultural rural planning field
Get PDF圃場分散に伴う圃場管理の難しさや移動時間のロス拡大等の影響に対し、逐次改善を進めていくことは極めて重要な課題である。本稿は、圃場分散の問題を念頭におき、農村の巡回サービス等まで含めた既往研究に焦点をあてた。そして圃場分散が与える影響やその評価法、巡回管理の最適化、巡回に作業条件を加えた作業計画の3領域に分類した。そのうえで圃場巡回の最適化に資する知見や課題を整理した。その結果、労働負担が特に大きい水管理等の圃場巡回にかかる移動時間のロス低減の改善可能性を模索する必要性を指摘した。また、今後の農地集積や借地錯綜化後の利用調整等の取組み支援として、巡回管理にかかる移動時間の圧縮限界をシミュレーションするツールの構築を提案した。圃場間移動の時間ロスを定量的に評価することは、農地集積の合理化や経営計画の策定・改善の論点として広範に活用できると考える。It is important to improve difficulties of paddy field management that accompany farm fragment. In this study, we explored past research on area visit services and other activities in rural areas, with a focus on farm fragment. Subsequently, the impact of farm fragment, its evaluation methods, optimization of management work, work plan with operating conditions, etc., were organized into three categories. The study revealed the need to explore the potential of improving loss reduction in travel time in the course of management work where the labor burden is particularly high. In addition, we propose the development of a tool to simulate the compression limit of travel time for management work to support future efforts in agricultural land acquisition and coordination following complex land leasing activities. Quantitative evaluation of time losses during movement across fields could be widely adopted in farmland acquisition and rationalization, in addition to the formulation and improvement of management plans.departmental bulletin pape
Changes on the attention toward region and life in Japanese curriculum
Get PDF本稿は、日本の教育課程において地域やそこでの生活がどのように扱われてきたのか、歴史的変遷を追い、その特徴について考察した。明治時代の教育課程は基本的に地域に開かれたものではなかった。1879 年に公布され1 年弱で改正された「自由教育令」以降は1930 年代になって郷土教育運動も提唱されたことはあったが、地域への働きかけは弱かったと考えられる。1947 年に発表された学習指導要領（試案）は戦前の方針から大きく転換して地域性を標榜したが、1958 年以降は法的拘束力が強まり、再び地域性は後退することになった。一方で、民間教育運動は地域を意識した教育課程を主張してきた。元文部官僚澤柳政太郎が1917 年に成城小学校で子どもの生活や自然活動を中心に教育課程を構築したのを皮切りに、近年では東日本大震災以降子どもたちの悲しみに寄り添いつつ、地域の復興に主体的に関われるような自主編成の教育課程が見られるようになった。こうした地域に根ざした教育課程が、子どもたちの学びを深めると考えられる。Since Meiji Era the curriculum in Japanese schools, which prescribes by the Ministry of Education, has not so much concerned with regional matters. It was often said that the curriculum was stereotyped and standardized. Some educators tried to connect their education to children’s daily life experience that cultivate children’s mind and ability in the beginning of 20th century, according to the world trend of new education. In 1947, the new government declared a new course of study, which considered that regional teachers and schools can decide the curriculum and educational contents. Although its character has been changed as regal regulation upon every school curriculum in 1958, some private education groups were eager to link their activities to regional concern. The big earthquake occurred in Tohoku area in 2011 and many children suffered from the miserable disaster. The teachers in Tohoku found that education should be rooted in the region because reflection of their daily life can heal the pain and they can consider independently the problems in the area as their subject. Coming curriculum should be considered to include the regional and daily matters to education contents. It should become more effective to cultivate children’s not only ability but also personality.departmental bulletin pape
米発酵食品の微生物叢・化学成分変化および抗酸化能に関する研究～山廃酒母製造時の細菌叢変遷と日本酒・甘酒のラジカル吸収能～
Get PDF石川県立大学博士（生物資源環境学）2019doctoral thesi
Effects of wearing Japanese-style sandals in middle-aged and elderly women
Get PDF高齢者では足部機能低下が転倒原因の一つとして報告されている。本研究は、日常生活における草履式鼻緒サンダル（草履）の着用が、中高齢女性の足部機能にどのような影響を及ぼすのか明らかにすることを目的とした。対象は、地域在住の40 歳から81 歳までの健常な中高齢女性22 名（平均年齢65.5 ± 9.9 歳）であった。6 ヶ月間、日常生活で草履を着用してもらった。草履導入前後に足趾把持力、足趾挟力、片足ステッピングおよび静止立位時の足圧分布等を測定した。結果、足趾把持力および片足ステッピングに有意な変化は認められなかったが、足趾挟力は有意に高まった。また、接地面積の減少および足圧中心位置の矢上（前方）偏位が認められた。足部形態（土踏まず等）に変化が認められる者も多く、草履着用による足部機能改善の可能性が示唆された。This study clarified the influences of wearing Japanese-style sandals （zori） on function of foot in middle-aged and elderly women. The participants were 22 healthy women, aged between 40 and 81 years. They wore sandals as indoor or outdoor shoes for six months. Toe-gap force, toe-grip strength, and one leg stepping test were evaluated. Additionally, the soles’ ground contact area, position of the center of foot pressure （COP）, and track length of center of pressure （T-COP） were measured before and after six months with a plantar pressure measurement device. There were no significant differences between baseline and six months regarding toe-grip strength and one leg stepping test. In zori group, means for toe-gap force improved significantly between baseline and six months. Two-way ANOVA （analysis of variance） revealed the mean differences between the groups as well as the before‒after ground contact area and COP. In zori group, the ground contact area became smaller due to the foot’s arch formation. As for COP, the zori group（ p < 0.05） showed significant change, becoming more forward to the toe, but the control group did not. The findings in our study indicate that zori can be useful in improving foot function through toe-gap force enhancement and adjustment of the pressure pattern.departmental bulletin pape
Ecology of endangered animals and their habitat conservation on coastal dune in Noto Peninsula：On making a special issue
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Ecology of Intertidal sand burrowing amphipod（ Haustorioides japanicus）in Western Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa, Japan
Get PDF日本海沿岸の潮間帯に高密度で生息する端脚類ナミノリソコエビ（Haustorioides japanicus）の生息環境を明らかにするため、石川県能登半島外浦沿岸で北から富来、甘田、千里浜、今浜、高松の5地点において、砂の粒径や潜砂行動、塩分濃度や生態系での役割について実験と解析を行った。個体数調査の結果、各海岸によって個体密度には大きな違いが見られ、特に千里浜から今浜にかけて2 ～3 万個体/㎡の高い密度が観察された。砂の粒径は場所によって大きく異なるが、今浜・千里浜では125 μ m が9 割を、富来では250 μ m 以上の粗砂が9 割以上を占めていた。潜砂実験から、富来から得られた粒径の粗い砂には潜砂をすることが難しいということが分かった。また淡水が流入する河口付近の生息密度は著しく低かった。また潮間帯に生息するカレイ稚魚は、ナミノリソコエビを餌としている可能性が胃内容物や安定同位体比測定結果から示唆された。以上の結果から、本種がこの地域の海浜生態系において重要な役割を果たしており、同時に潜砂できる細粒の砂浜海岸を保全することが重要であることがわかった。Intertidal sand burrowing amphipod （Haustorioides japanicus ） emerges at high density in the shoreline of the coast of the Japan Sea. We conducted ecological research of this species, and aimed to show the importance of conservation of beach environment inhabiting this species. Five beaches of Western Noto Peninsula were selected to measure the density of this species, and their environment such as sand particle size, salinity and food web were examined. As a result of population survey, remarkable difference in individual density was observed by each coast, and the highest density was observed from Chrihama to Imahama Beach. The grain size of beach sand varied greatly depending on the location, but at Chirihama Beach, around 125 μ m occupied for 90%, while at the Togi Beach, more than 250 μ m occupied 90% or more. Sand burrowing experiment demonstrated that H. japonicus could not burrow the coarser sand collected from Togi beach. Population density around river mouth was the lowest, which suggest that this species cannot survive in lower salinity environment. This result was supported by rearing experiment with different salinity condition. A number of H. japonicus were found in the gut of juvenile flounder dwelled intertidal zone. The stable isotope analysis demonstrates food web at the sandy beach and suggests that H.japonicus is major prey for juvenile fishes dwelling swash zone. Based on these results, it is revealed that this species plays an important role in the beach ecosystem, and at the same time it is important to preserve the sandy beach coast with fine grain size that H. japonicas can burrow.departmental bulletin pape
Influence of spatial and psychological distance as regulators of consciousness to preserve coastal evironment
Get PDF地域に残る希少価値が高い資源を、その周辺の環境を含めて、後世に伝えるべく如何にして維持保全していくかが、今日の農山漁村の大きな課題である。多くの地域では、資源に関心が高い一部の住民が率先して取り組みをすすめるも、多くの住民の参加が得られないという共通の問題を抱えている。本研究では、海にまつわる環境資源の保全活動を今以上に活性化させたい地域を事例として、地域住民が有する環境資源の保護意識を規定する要因を、空間的指標と心理的指標から検討した。分析の結果、環境保全活動への積極性は、年齢や性別ではなく、海が癒やしの場所であるという認識が共通して強く作用していたことが明らかとなった。その他では、寄付などの経済的な貢献は沿岸部に居住する住民ほど意欲的であり、直接的に環境保全活動に参加する意欲は、海が生業の場である（あった）ことや、自慢の地域資源であるという認識の有無が強く作用していた。The conservation of scarce local resources, including those of the local environment, for future generations is presently an important issue for villages. One common problem in many areas is that interested residents take the initiative to promote conservation activities but a majority of the residents do not participate. In this study, we focus on an area where a section of the local residents is interested in revitalizing the conservation activities to protect local oceanic resources. We investigated the factors that regulate local awareness of environmental conservation according to a spatial index and a psychological index. The findings of our investigation make it clear that positive attitudes regarding environmental conservation were not dependent on age or sex but on the recognition that the ocean is a healing place, which weighed heavily on both indices. Residents living in coastal areas were more actively in favor of economic contributions such as donations. The experience of working on the ocean and the recognition of the proud glory of the sea directly affected residents’ desire to participate in environmental conservation.departmental bulletin pape
