Ishikawa Prefectural University Academic Information Repository / 石川県立大学学術情報リポジトリ
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Disasters Caused by Heavy Rainfall in August 2022 in the Upper Reaches of the Kasukami River Basin in Komatsu City, Central Japan : Focusing on the Sediment Movement in Forested Areas
Get PDF2022年8月3日～8月5日の豪雨による，石川県小松市中ノ峠町を含む滓上川上流部の被害実態の概要について，現地調査と航空レーザー測量データの解析によって明らかにした。渓畔域では，氾濫原に植栽されたスギによる砂礫・流木のせき止めや，スギの根系が侵食を緩和する現象がみられる一方で，渓岸崩壊による倒木の発生も見られた。また，滓上川本流では河道沿いの立木の流出や堰堤における流木の堆積が認められた。これらのことから，河川流量や地形条件によって，森林が土砂移動の抑制にはたらくか，倒木や流木を発生させるかといった，災害時の森林の影響に差異が認められ，この二つの可能性を正しく評価することが森林流域の防災計画において重要であると考えられた。We surveyed the damages in the upper reaches of the Kasukami River, including Nakanoge town in Komatsu City, caused by heavy rainfall in August 3-5, 2022. We analyzed airborne LiDAR data and conducted field surveys to detect the geomorphic changes due to the disaster and examined effects of the forest on the damages. In the riparian area, the cedar trees planted on the floodplain have trapped fluvial deposits and debris, including driftwood. Additionally, the root system of cedar trees seemed to mitigated lateral erosion. On the other hand, on steep slopes along stream channels, fallen trees were found due to the collapses of stream banks. Along the main channel of the Kasukamigawa River, the riparian forest was partially destroyed to generate driftwood. These results suggested that the effects of riparian forests, such as whether they control sediment transport or generate driftwood, vary with river discharge and topographical conditions. It will be important to evaluate these two possibilities in disaster management planning for forested watersheds
Examination of Generic Skills in First-Year University Students and Changes Through the Third Year : Analysis Based on the 2017 to 2024 PROG Survey at Ishikawa Prefectural University
Get PDF本研究では，石川県立大学において2017年度から2024年度に実施されたPROGの結果を用いて，同大学1年生の汎用的技能の習得度ならびに1年次から3年次にかけての成長度の様相を分析した。その結果，1年前期終了時のリテラシーおよびコンピテンシーのスコアは，入学年度にかかわらず概ね安定しており，リテラシーは男性よりも女性の方が，コンピテンシーは女性よりも男性の方が高かった。1年次から3年次への変化では，コロナ禍の影響も示され，大学生活のどの時期にコロナ禍での制約を経験したかによって，1年次から3年次におけるスコアの伸長度に違いが認められた。今後は，本調査結果を踏まえ，初年次教育プログラムの内容の見直しと汎用的技能育成プログラムの設計，マネジメントが求められる。This study analyzed the acquisition levels of generic skills among first-year students and the patterns of growth from the first to the third year at Ishikawa Prefectural University, using the results of the PROG (Progress Report On Generic Skills) assessments conducted from 2017 to 2024 academic years. The results showed that the literacy and competency scores at the end of the first semester remained generally stable, regardless of the year of enrollment. Literacy scores tended to be higher for female students than for male students, while competency scores were higher for male students than for female students. Changes from the first to the third year revealed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, with differences in score growth observed depending on when students experienced pandemic-related restrictions during their university life. Based on these findings, it is essential to revise the content of first-year education programs and to redesign and manage generic skills development programs moving forward
Development of a Moodle Module for Web Application
Get PDF本研究は、学内向けに開発した Web アプリを学外から使用できるようにするため、moodle モジュールを開発した。開発したモジュールは、出席管理システム・無線 LAN 用 WiFi (MAC)アドレス登録システム・動画アップロードシステム用の moodle モジュールである。開発した moodle モジュールは、教員の負担を軽減しその有効性が確認できた。In this research, we developed a moodle module so that the web application developed for the campus can be used from off-campus. The developed module is a moodle module for the attendance management system, WiFi (MAC) address registration system for wireless LAN, and the video upload system. The moodle module reduced the burden on teachers and checked its effectiveness
A Study on the U.S Federal Crop Insurance Programme’s Structure and Role
Get PDF米国の連邦農作物保険は自然や価格状況に起因する農業損害を補填する公的保険として，自然災害等による農作物の収量減少を補償する収量保険と，収量または価格変動による収入減少を補償する収入保険を中心に，多様な保険商品を提供する。加入農家には保険料の一部が助成され，提携民間保険会社への支援装置も組み込まれている。農産物プログラムと共に農業セーフティネットの要として位置づけられている米国の農業保険は，農産物プログラムとの連携，先物価格利用による価格変動リスクの緩和など特徴的かつ複雑な仕組みを備えている。本稿では米国農作物保険制度の仕組みと機能，個別経営収入への影響を検討しその特徴と課題をまとめる。The Federal Crop Insurance Programme (FCIP) in the United States is a public insurance that compensates for agricultural damage caused by nature and price conditions. It offers a variety of insurance products including Yield-Based Policies that compensates for a crop yield loss due to natural disasters,etc.,and Revenue-Based Policies that compensates for an income loss due to yield or price fluctuations. Part of the insurance premium is subsidized for subscribing farmers,and a support system for affiliated private insurance companies (approved insurance providers) is also incorporated. FCIP in the United States,which is positioned as a centerpiece of the farm safety net along with the farm commodity support programs,has a rather complicated and distinctive system,such as cooperation with the farm commodity support programs and the mitigation of price fluctuation risk by the use of futures prices. This paper examines the mechanism and functions of the FCIP and its impact on individual farm income,and summarizes its characteristics and issues
Comparison of Characteristics in Peer Evaluation and Classroom Assessment Between Face-to-Face and Online Classes Using Gallery Walks
Get PDFポスターツアーは協調学習の手法のひとつであり，学生はグループワークでポスターを作成したのち，ジグソー法の要領でグループを再編成し，口頭発表と質疑応答をおこなう。本研究では，ポスターツアーを導入した演習科目を対面とオンラインの両方の形態で実施し，学生による相互評価および授業評価を集計した。それらを比較した結果，学生同士の相互評価において対面授業ではオンライン授業よりも甘い評価をする傾向にある，学生は対面授業のほうがオンライン授業よりも難易度が高いと感じている，授業の総合的な満足度では両授業形態の差が無い，ことがわかった。The gallery walk is one of the methods of collaborative education in which students create posters in groups. Then the groups are reorganized using the jigsaw method to make oral presentations and questions. In this study,I conducted face-to-face and online classes using gallery walks and compared the learning characteristics of the two learning styles. From the analysis of the students’ peer evaluation and class assessment,it was found that the students tended to give more severe evaluations to the students and felt less reached the goal in the online class than in the face-to-face class
Consideration on the Influence of Gender on School Choice at the Secondary School Level in the Czech Republic
Get PDFチェコの後期中等教育段階における学校種・専攻間の男女生徒数偏りの実態，進路選択へのジェンダーの影響を明らかにした。生徒と教師は，女子生徒と男子生徒間に学習姿勢，得意分野，関心の相違があるととらえており，このジェンダー・ステレオタイプが偏りの要因であると考えられる。すなわち，専門職のジェンダー・バランス，初等・中等教育学校教師の価値観，進路選択以前の基礎学校での価値観育成に問題がある。ジェンダー・ステレオタイプは，男女の相違を前提とした男女間秩序，異性に対するポジティブな関係，敬意，教養ある行動を育むことに重きが置かれている基礎学校カリキュラムにも見出されることを明らかにした。This study clarifies the gender bias among school types and majors at the later secondary school level in the Czech Republic and identifies factors that influence students’ choices. Students and teachers in each school perceived differences in learning attitudes,strengths,and interests between girls and boys,and this gender stereotyping may have contributed to the bias. In other words,there are problems not only in the gender balance of professionals,but in the values of primary and secondary school teachers,and the development of values of basic school students prior to their career choices. Gender stereotypes were also found in the basic school curriculum,which emphasizes the existence of binary opposites,a gender order based on gender differences,and the development of positive relationships,respect,and educated behavior toward the opposite sex
Paradoxical Relationship between Self and Language in Ernest Hemingway From the Sense of Selflessness in For Whom the Bell Tolls
Get PDF本論は，Ernest Hemingwayが言及する忘我の感覚に着目する。まず，対（つい）なる相手との一体化で生じる忘我の感覚というモチーフが広い地域において古くから用いられてきた事を示すと同時に，Hemingwayもこれに強い興味を持ち続けていた事を例証する。次に，一体化への憧れを語るのは大半において主人公ではないという傾向を持つHemingway 作品において，For Whom the Bell Tolls がその傾向から唯一外れる結末場面を持つ背景について詳細に分析する。その際，この作品には主人公にとっての対なる相手が二重に存在する構造によってHemingwayの自我と言語に対する逆説的な姿勢が現れる特徴的な作品である事を指摘する。This study focuses on the sense of selflessness often mentioned by Ernest Hemingway. Firstly,it is shown that “the sense of selflessness” arising from the union with one’s double has historically been one of the favorite motifs depicted worldwide,and Hemingway was one of the writers who was intensely interested in it. Then,after showing that Hemingway tends to let characters besides the protagonists talk about that sense,For Whom the Bell Tolls is closely analyzed to consider why its protagonist exceptionally tells the sense at the end of the story. After that,it is suggested that the exceptionality might be connected with the fact that Hemingway is obviously conscious of the relationship between self and language in this work
Changes in Carbohydrate Content of Japanese Chestnuts (Castanea crenata) during Cold Storage
Get PDF低温貯蔵によるクリに含まれる糖質の変化を検討するために、クリに含まれる遊離糖組成、澱粉含量、澱粉の糊化特性、およびアミロペクチンの鎖長分布を分析した。クリの可食部に含まれる遊離糖の 9 割はスクロースであり、低温貯蔵後に顕著な増加が見られるとともに、澱粉含量も低温貯蔵後に減少した。クリに含まれる澱粉の糊化開始温度（Tp）は低温貯蔵後に約 2 ℃上昇し、糊化エンタルピー変化（ΔH）は 1.6-3.8 J/g減少した。また、クリに含まれるアミロペクチンの鎖長分布を分析したところ、低温貯蔵後にグルコース重合度 6-12 の糖鎖（fa）が減少した。得られた分析値から相関関係を解析したところ、遊離糖含量と fa、Δ Hおよび澱粉含量との間に負の相関が見られた。以上の結果から、低温貯蔵時にクリは耐凍性を獲得するための適合溶質としてアミロペクチン短鎖から遊離糖を生成し、結果としてクリの甘味が増加する事が考えられた。We investigated the changes in chestnuts' carbohydrate content (Tanzawa,Tsukuba,and Ishizuchi) after cold storage (-1 C,45 days) treatment. Free sugar contents (Glucose,Fructose,Sucrose,and Maltose) in raw chestnuts after the treatment were higher than those in raw chestnuts without the treatment. Starch contents in the chestnuts were decreased after the treatment. The onset temperature in starch gelatinization (Tp) of raw chestnuts were increased by approximately 2 C after the treatment. The treatment also decreased enthalpy change (AH) of starch gelatinization in raw chestnuts. Short chains (DP,degree of polymerization: 6-12) of amylopectin in the chestnuts were increased by the treatment,resulting in a decrease of middle chains (DP 13-24). Spearman's rank correlation coefficients indicated that the free sugar contents were negatively correlated to DP 6-12,AH,and starch contents. The principal component analysis suggested that the cold storage treatment affected the enhancement of sweetness in the chestnuts and the change of its starch gelatinization properties. We concluded that chestnuts produce free sugar from amylopectin (low DP) to protect freezing as a compatible solute,increasing the chestnuts' sweetness
The basic leucine zipper transcription factor OsbZIP83 and the glutaredoxins OsGRX6 and OsGRX9 facilitate rice iron utilization under the control of OsHRZ ubiquitin ligases
Get PDFUnder low iron availability,plants induce the expression of various genes for iron uptake and translocation. Function of the rice ubiquitin ligases OsHRZ1 and OsHRZ2 causes overall repression of these iron-related genes at the transcript level,but their protein-level regulation is unclear. We conducted a proteome analysis to identify key regulators whose abundance was regulated by OsHRZs at the protein level. In response to iron deficiency or OsHRZ knockdown,many genes showed differential regulation between the transcript and protein levels,including the TGA-type basic leucine zipper transcription factor OsbZIP83. We also identified two glutaredoxins,OsGRX6 and OsGRX9, as OsHRZ-interacting proteins in yeast and plant cells. OsGRX6 also interacted with OsbZIP83. In vitro degradation assay suggested that OsbZIP83,OsGRX6 and OsGRX9 proteins are subjected to 26S proteasome- and OsHRZ-dependent degradation. Proteome analysis and in vitro degradation assay also suggested that OsbZIP83 protein was preferentially degraded under iron-deficient conditions in rice roots. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsGRX9 and OsbZIP83 showed improved tolerance to iron deficiency. Expression of iron-related genes was affected in the OsGRX9 and OsGRX6 knockdown lines,suggesting disturbed iron utilization and signaling. OsbZIP83 overexpression lines showed enhanced expression of OsYSL2 and OsNAS3,which are involved in internal iron translocation, in addition to OsGRX9 and genes related to phytoalexin biosynthesis and the salicylic acid pathway. The results suggest that OsbZIP83,OsGRX6,and OsGRX9 facilitate iron utilization downstream of the OsHRZ pathway