Ishikawa Prefectural University Academic Information Repository / 石川県立大学学術情報リポジトリ
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Comprehensive Biotechnology in Plant
Get PDFWe will be facing worldwide food shortage in near future by drastically increasing population. In order to decrease this food shortage problem in a short period of time,new plant breeding system must be developed and introduced to overcome these food shortages. In this lecture first we understand what are genetic material,genetic inheritance and genetic expression. Then we introduce the history of old plant breeding system and new biotechnology to create new valuable plants having new function such as herbicide resistance,insect resistance and food with new nutritional function using genetic modified technology. As described above,agriculture plays a very important role to production of food as well as to save our environment for future generations.departmental bulletin pape
Bioscience and Biotechnology of Micro-organisms
Get PDFMicroorganisms are so much tinny as they could not be recognized with human eyes. For example,an intestinal bacterium,Escherichia coli has a diameter of 1 micrometer. It will be seen at the one thousand times magnification with an optical microscope. The other microorganism familiar to human is so called yeast. The diameter of yeast cell is around the order of 10 micrometer. So yeast is very big in its cell volume in the comparison with E. coli and it has much complex cell structure which is close to higher animals and higher plants.
E. coli is the most well investigated one,of all living organisms. The most important knowledge obtained by the investigation of microorganisms is so called central dogma of life science. In which the structure and function of gene are clarified and shown those are commonly applicable to all the living organisms on the earth.
We human have been utilized micro organisms to make some kinds of fermented foods. For example,alcohol beverages,bread,cheese,miso,soy sauce etc. These have been produced from pre-historical period but at first they seem to be naturally occurred and developed by the continuous revise of technology based on experimental try and error by the people. In 19 century,Luis Pasteur has clarified scientifically that the fermentation takes place by the action of living micro organisms. After that science of micro organisms developed very rapidly and much contributed to construct the base of molecular cell biology and biotechnology.
One example which is a new fermentation biotechnology born in Japan and now developed allover the world is so called amino acid fermentation. In1908 Professor Kikunae Ikeda found that monosodium L-glutamic acid is the testing component of sea weed,Kelp,and he developed a method to produce it from plant protein by its hydrolysis. The L-glutamate has been used as the seasonings for foods. In 1957,Japanese fermentation company Kyowa Hakko Kogyo succeeded in the production of L-glutamate by a bacterium,Corynebacterium glutamicum. Since then,the amino acid was produced by many Japanese companies by the bacterial fermentation method. They also developed fermentative production of the other amino acids including L-lysine and L-threonine etc. These technologies contributed very much to construct reproducible and sustainable structure of industry involving agriculture and stock ferming.departmental bulletin pape
Intraspecific Variation in Leaf Life Span for the Semi-evergreen Liana Akebia trifoliata is Caused by Both Seasonal and Aseasonal Factors in a Temperate Forest
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Is Whole-Plant Photosynthetic Rate Proportional to Leaf Area? A Test of Scalings and a Logistic Equation by Leaf Demography Census
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Mental Health of Students through a Student Health Survey ：As a Material for Student Support in COVID-19 Coronavirus Peri
Get PDF本研究では、2016 年～ 2020 年度の春に石川県立大学の学部学生を対象として実施した「心と体の健康調査」の結果を分析した。最初に 1 年生を対象として、入学年度による違いの有無を検討したところ、身体的健康や精神的健康の不調、自己や性格についての悩み、生活・家族・将来についての悩みでは、一定の変動はあるものの、入学年度による違いは見られなかった。一方、対人関係に対する悩みでは、新型コロナウイルス感染症の感染拡大の影響を受けた 2020 年度入学生では、他の入学年度生に比べて、不安や悩みを感じていた。また、「自分の目標」「将来に対する不安」に関する項目でも、2020 年度入学生は他の入学年度生に比べ、同様に不安傾向が高いことが示された。次に、学年による傾向の有無について検討したところ、学年の上昇とともに悩みが変動する側面と学年に関わらず悩みを持つ者が一定数存在する側面が見られることが示唆された。This study analyzed the cumulative data of the annual "mental and physical health survey" conducted for undergraduate students of Ishikawa Prefectural University from 2016 to 2020. First,we examined whether there was a difference depending on the year of admission,using only the first-year students' data. As a result,although there were some fluctuations in terms of physical and mental health disorders,personal and personal worries,and lifestyle,family,and future worries,no differences were observed among these groups. On the other hand,in terms of interpersonal relationships,the result showed that first-year students in 2020,whose classes started late in the spring semester due to the spread of new coronavirus infection,were more worried than first-year students in the previous years. In addition,the scores related to "their goals" and "anxiety about the future" were higher for 2020 freshmen than freshmen in the other years. Next,we examined whether there is a tendency depending on what year of university they are in. The result shows that the degree of worries decreases as they stay as students longer and that there are a certain number of people who have concerns regardless of this factor. These results were discussed from the perspective of future student support and the screening function of this survey
Development of Effective Ladder Exercise Program in Childhood
Get PDF本研究は児童を対象に各種ラダー運動の成就率を調べるとともに、体力・運動能力との関係を検証することを目的とした。対象は 4 ～ 6 年生の児童 199 名であった。9 種のラダー課題を行わせるとともに体力・運動能力テストを実施した。成就率から歩行が最も易しく、次いでかけ足、グーパー、ジグザグ、スキップ、横ダッシュ、ツイスト、シャッフルの順で、サンバが最も難しい課題であることがわかった。ラダー課題間の関係より、中程度以上の相関が 4 年生に比べ 6 年生に多く認められ、特に難度の高い課題間に認められた。加齢に伴い運動を統括する神経系の連携が進んでいくと推察される。ラダー習熟別に体力・運動能力得点を比較した結果、習熟度によって体力・運動能力が異なることが示唆された。ラダー課題は体力・運動能力全般を高める上で有効な運動であることがわかった。これらを基にラダー DVD を制作し、県内の小学校、特別支援学校、および教育機関に配布した。This study aimed to verify the achievability of various motor tasks using an agility ladder accordıng to their age level in children and examine the relationship between motor tasks and physical fitness and motor abilities. The subjects were 199 elementary school children (99 boys and 100 girls) in the 4th to 6th grades. They performed nine kinds of ladder tasks and physical fitness and motor ability tests. From the achievement rates,most straightforward ladder task adopted in this study was "walk",followed by the "quick run","open-close","zigzag","skip","lateral dash","twist"," shuffle",and "samba". When examining the relationship between the ladder tasks,a moderate or higher correlation was found more frequently in 6th grades than in 4th grades. Because the nervous system functions coordinating movement develop markedly between the 4th grades and 6th grades,this relationship may increase with age. From the results of comparing the scores of physical fitness and motor skills test by level of ladder task (skilled group / unskilled group),it was suggested that the scores differ by the level. Therefore,it was concluded that these motor tasks are effective in improving the physical fitness and motor abilities of today's children. Based on these findıngs,a ladder exercise DVD material was created and distributed to all elementary schools,special support schools,and educational institutions
Market Competitiveness and the Sustainability of the Cultivation of Kaga Vegetables
Get PDF日本に数ある伝統野菜は、重要な食料としてだけでなく、地域の風習や文化的景観の基盤としても機能している。今日に至る研究系譜を散見すると、産地の後継者不足など、伝統野菜栽培が抱える問題についてより多くの研究蓄積が求められている。そこで本研究では、生産者の特性に基づいて、石川県金沢市を主産地とする伝統野菜の市場競争力や持続性との関係を評価するため、加賀野菜を栽培している農家対象のアンケートの結果と、公的機関から収集した栽培・販売データを分析した。そして、栽培・販売データから15種類の加賀野菜それぞれの近年の動向を算出し、その数値とアンケート調査データとの統計的関係を導き出した。有効サンプル数は278であった。市場競争力は、農家の年齢や世帯の農業収入への依存度と統計的に関係していた。産地の持続性と個々の農家の特徴との間には統計的な関係がみられなかった。Traditional vegetables in Japan serve not only as an important food source but also as the basis of local customs and cultural landscapes. There are few case studies on the problems faced by traditional vegetables cultivation, such as the lack of successors in the production areas. Therefore, this study evaluates the relationship between the characteristics of growers and the market competitiveness and sustainability of Kaga traditional vegetables. We analyzed the results of a questionnaire distributed to farm households who cultivate Kaga vegetables in Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture along with the cultivation and sales data collected from public organization. The recent trends of each of the 15 Kaga vegetables were calculated from the cultivation and sales data, and the statistical relationship between the numerical value and questionnaire survey data was derived. The total effective sample size was 278. Market competitiveness was statistically related to the age of the farmers and the dependence of the household on agricultural income. There was no relationship between the sustainability of cultivation and characteristics of the individual farmers
How “The Last Good Country” Could Change Nick Adams Stories? :From the Connection between Sisters and Sons in Hemingway’s Works
Get PDFNick Adams を主人公とした短編群の印象をどう変化させる可能性を秘めているかについて考察する。まずHemingway 作品における女きょうだいを概観し，Nick の女きょうだいを扱う事に対するHemingway の慎重さに目を向ける。次に，“Fathers and Sons”と“The Last”におけるNickの女きょうだいと息子との接点を確認しながら，“The Last” の女きょうだいLitteless の新規性を考える。更にNick 物語の女きょうだいと息子の幼さの考察から，Littless の果たすへの役割を指摘する。最後に，“The Last” がStanford White 射殺事件に触れている点に着目し，この物語がそれまでのNickの物語の印象を転換させる可能性を考察する。This study considers how “The Last Good Country” [“The Last”], one of Ernest Hemingway’s unfinished stories, can change the overall image of the finished Nick Adams stories. First, it focuses on the cautious attitude towards making Nick’s sisters appear in his stories. Second, the novelty of the character Littless, the protagonist’s younger sister in “The Last,” is examined by studying the connection between Nick’s sisters and son in “Fathers and Sons” and “The Last.” Then, by considering the childishness of sisters and sons in Nick’s stories, Littless’ distinctive role in restraining the protagonist from committing violent acts is highlighted. Finally, it is explored how “The Last” could change the image of Nick Adams stories based on its brief reference to the actual shooting incident of Stanford White
The phytosiderophore analogue proline-2'-deoxymugineic acid is more efficient than conventional chelators for improving iron nutrition in maize
Get PDFIron (Fe) is an essential nutrient but has poor bioavailability because of its low solubility under conditions of high pH,such as calcareous soils. Previously,we synthesized an analogue of the natural Fe(III) chelator 2′-deoxymugineic acid secreted by graminaceous plants for efficient Fe uptake,designated as proline-2′- deoxymugineic acid (PDMA). Soil application of Fe(III)-PDMA ameliorated symptoms of Fe deficiency in rice. In the present study,we explored the potential of PDMA as Fe nutrition supplement in maize,a major graminaceous crop,and rice for comparison. In calcareous soil pots,Fe deficiency chlorosis of maize was efficiently recovered by a single application of Fe(III)-PDMA. In contrast,maize plants treated with conventional Fe(III)-chelator complexes,such as Fe(III)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or Fe(III)-N,N′-di(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid monohydrochloride (HBED),showed little or no recovery. Similarly,rice Fe chlorosis in calcareous soil pots was efficiently recovered by a single application of Fe(III)-PDMA,but not by other conventional Fe(III)-chelator complexes. Application of Fe(III)-PDMA was also effective in ameliorating Fe deficiency chlorosis in hydroponically grown maize seedlings; other Fe(III)-chelator complexes showed minimal or no efficacy. Addition of low concentrations of metal-free PDMA recovered Fe chlorosis of maize or rice in the presence of Fe(III)-EDTA,suggesting possible ligand exchange from EDTA to PDMA for subsequent Fe(III)-PDMA uptake by ZmYS1 and OsYSL15 transporters. Similar effects were observed with Fe(III)-HBED,which has a higher stability constant,but to a lesser extent than Fe(III)-EDTA,suggesting that ligand exchange from HBED to PDMA might be less prone to occur than for chelators with moderate stability constants,such as EDTA. Ferric-chelate reductase assays of maize roots showed substantial reduction of Fe(III)-PDMA,but this reduction activity was not increased under Fe-deficient condition. These results suggested that PDMA is an efficient reagent for improvement of Fe nutrition in graminaceous crops,including maize,because of suitability of Fe(III)-PDMA as a substrate for chelation-based Fe uptake systems