Ishikawa Prefectural University Academic Information Repository / 石川県立大学学術情報リポジトリ
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Decomposition of evergreen leaves in a stream and coast along Tsukumo Bay, Noto Peninsula, Japan
Get PDF常緑広葉樹林から生産される生葉の河川中、海中における分解過程と摂食生物を明らかにする実験を行った。実験地点は能登町九十九湾に流入する小河川内と岩礁海岸を選定した。研究材料はこの地域の代表的な常緑広葉樹であるタブノキ（ Machilus thunbergii ）とヤブツバキ（ Camellia japonica ）の生葉を用いた。この葉をメッシュサイズの異なる（粗、細）リターバッグに詰めて設置した結果、河川においては細メッシュより粗メッシュの分解率が有意に大きく、粗メッシュバック内に平均50個体のヨコエビ類が侵入しており、これらが分解者として重要な役割を果たしていた。一方、海中では粗メッシュと細メッシュの分解率の差が小さく、大型の破砕食者は見られなかった。また海中に設置したリター表面の細菌の個体数は河川中よりも多いことから、その分解には細菌が大きく寄与することが示唆された。In order to clarify the influence of evergreen broad-leaved trees on coastal ecosystem, a field experiment using a litter bag was conducted in Tsukumo Bay, Noto Peninsula. We clarified the elution of chemical components from fresh leaves in water, the effects on litter decomposition by bacteria, and the use of litter by aquatic macro-invertebrates. A small stream that flow into Tsukumo Bay, and slope facing directly the same bay were selected as the experimental points. The research materials were fresh leaves of Tabu（ Machilus thunbergii ） and Tsubaki（ Camellia japonica ）, which are typical evergreen broad-leaved trees growing in this area. As a field experiment, a leaf litter decomposition experiment was conducted using litter bags with different mesh sizes（ coarse and fine）. As a result, the degradation rate of the coarse mesh was significantly larger than that of the fine mesh（ p <0.01）.An average of 50 amphipods colonized inside the coarse mesh, and these played an important role as shredders in the stream. On the other hand, the difference between the coarse mesh and the fine mesh was slight in the sea, and there were no large shredders. Number of colonized bacteria in the sea is larger than that in stream, suggesting that bacteria contributed significantly to the decomposition of fallen leaves in the sea. Based on these results, it would be favorable for the litter to flow into the coastal waters after the litter was sufficiently decomposed in the stream.departmental bulletin pape
Individual differences in generic skills of third-year students at a university before job hunting : relationship with career consciousness, acquisition of self-regulated learning strategies, and internship experience
Get PDF本研究では、「キャリア教育」の法制化に関する一連の施策や各大学での教育改善の動向を踏まえ、地方 A 大学の 3 年次生を対象として、就職活動前の汎用的技能（PROG）の個人差を規定する要因について、キャリア意識および自己調整学習方略の習得度、インターンシップ経験の有無との関連から検討を行った。その結果、PROG のリテラシーは、全国国公立大学理系の傾向と同様、1 年生よりも3 年次生で高かったが、コンピテンシーでは違いは認められず、国公立大学理系の全国平均と同等もしくは低い傾向にあることが示された。また、3 年時の夏休みまでにインターンシップや教育実習に参加したか否かによっては、コンピテンシーの高低に違いは認められず、自身の将来について展望と設計をもっている者、インターンシップを通じて課題の意図ややり方を考え、計画的に取り組むメタ認知的な自己調整学習方略を習得した者ほど、コンピテンシーが高いことが示唆された。本結果は、キャリア教育の設計の観点から議論された。Based on a brief review on the legalization of “career education” and trends in education improvement at universities, the present study examined the relationship of generic skills of students before job hunting with career consciousness, strategies of self-regulated learning, andtheir internship experience. At the end of the spring semester, 117 students were asked to answer a self-reported questionnaire and to complete the PROG.Findings revealed that the literacy score on the PROG was higher for third-year students as compared to first-year students, similar to the general tendency observed in public university students. However, there was no difference in their competency scores, such that, both tended to be at the same or lower level than the general trend observed in public university students.Further, competency scores were not related to the students’ internship experiences, includingteaching practice at junior high schools. Students who had a vision and plan about their future liferegardless of their internship experiences had higher competency scores. Students who had acquired the strategy of self-regulated learning, including behaving systematically and thinking about their intentions or mission, also had higher competency scores. The results were discussed in terms of design of future career education programs at A university.departmental bulletin pape
The violence and religious covenant in Machiavelli: Reconsideration
Get PDF従来マキアヴェッリにとり宗教は政治的道具に過ぎないと目されてきた。本稿はこの通説に反駁し、宗教が彼の政治思想に果たす決定的役割を提示する。元来国家の創設とは法の付与に基づく。かかる行為が政治的と共に宗教的行為であるのは明白だ。武力の独占がマキアヴェッリの政治論の核心だと見られてきたにもかかわらず、ローマ宗教を素材に国家の始原を論じる『ディスコルスィ』I-11 において彼が、武力の独占者ロムルス以上に、宗教の創始者ヌマの貢献を評価している点に注目しよう。君主は、神の勢威と己れが独占する暴力との相互作用を通じ、神と人民の〈誓約〉の仲介となる。この〈誓約〉に由来する依存的心理の呪縛による超越的倫理の内面化を媒介に、国家の永続が保障される。マキアヴェッリにおける国家確立の過程のかかる分析において、宗教とりわけ神に対する依存心理産出の傾向の強いキリスト教は、政治の道具ではなくその核心を担う要素と見なされる。Traditionally, Machiavelli’s religion was regarded as a political tool. This paper refutes this popular theory and suggests the decisive role that religion plays in his political ideas. The creation of a state is originally based on the grant of law. It is clear that such acts are both political and religious. Note that, in his Discorsi I -11, which discusses the origin of the state making reference to Roman religion, he appreciates the contribution of the founder of religion, Numa, more than the military monopolizer Romulus, even though military monopoly has been seen as the core of Machiavelli’s political theory. A prince mediates the “covenant” between God and his people through the interaction of his power and the violence that he monopolizes. The perpetuation of the nation is guaranteed through the internalization of transcendental ethics by the spell of dependent psychology derived from this “covenant”. In such an analysis of the process of establishing the state in Machiavelli, religion, especially Christianity which has a strong tendency to produce a psychological dependence on the God, is regarded not as a political tool but as a core element.departmental bulletin pape
The relationship between occupational and organizational commitment and subjective well-being among female elementary and junior high school teachers
Get PDF本研究では、地方 A 県内の公立小学校および中学校に勤務する女性教員 362 名を対象として、教師という職業や勤務する学校に対する自己関与の意識や態度を示すコミットメント、ストレス反応としてのバーンアウト傾向の程度、仕事役割が家庭役割に及ぼす肯定的・否定的影響の認識が、女性自身の主観的幸福感（人生の満足度）にどのような影響を及ぼすのかについてパス解析を用いて検討した。その結果、教職や勤務校に対する情緒的コミットメントは、職場の長期的ストレス反応であるバーンアウト傾向（情緒的消耗感・個人的達成感）に影響していた。また、コミットメントの各側面あるいはバーンアウト傾向の各側面は、職業場面のみならず家庭生活に対しても肯定的・否定的な影響を示すとともに、最終的には個人の主観的幸福感である人生の満足度に影響することが明らかとなった。なかでも、勤務校に対する内在化意識の高さは、個人的達成感につながるとともに、情緒的消耗感も高め、両者は仕事から家庭への両価的な影響をもたらすことで、主観的幸福感に相克的に影響することが示された。This study examined the relationship between occupational and organizational commitment, especially affective commitment, burnout tendencies (i.e., a reaction to stress), work - family spillover, and subjective well-being. Female public elementary and junior high school teachers were requested to respond to a series of questionnaires, which were mailed to them. The mean age of the participants (N=362) was 42.5 ± 5.7 years, and the mean duration for which they had been working as teachers was 19.4 ± 6.3 years. The results of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that each occupational and organizational variable independently predicted subjective well-being and burnout tendencies. In addition, the results of path analysis showed that affective commitments to both one’s occupation and organization had direct effects on burnout tendencies and work - family spillover. Further, burnout tendencies had direct effects on subjective well-being and indirect effects on subjective well-being through work - family spillover. Finally, one dimension of organizational commitment, namely, “internalization,” (i.e., internalizing goal and value) had both positive and negative effects on burnout tendencies and subjective well-being. The theoretical and practical implications of the present findings are discussed.departmental bulletin pape
The contribution of physical fitness to pitch speed and bat swing speed in elementary school baseball players
Get PDF少年野球において投球速度とバットスイング速度を高めることは、野球の競技力を向上させる上で重要なテーマの一つである。本研究は少年野球選手の投球速度およびスイング速度に関わる体力要因について検討することを目的とした。被験者は石川県内の少年野球チームに所属する小学 1 年生から6 年生までの児童計 77 名であった。マイクロ波式スピード測定器による投球速度とスイング速度を計測するとともに、体力測定項目として 10m ダッシュ、立ち幅跳び、メディシンボール投げ、反復左右跳び、握力、背筋力、足趾挟力、および足趾把持力の測定を行った。体格とスイング速度とは有意な関係（学年考慮の偏相関）が認められたが、投球速度とは認められなかった。投球速度は立ち幅跳び、反復左右跳び、メディシンボール投げ、背筋力と中程度（r=0.4）以上の相関が認められた。一方、スイング速度と中程度以上の相関が認められたのは握力のみであった。重回帰分析の結果、投球速度を高めるには反復左右跳びとメディシンボール投げが、スイング速度には 10m ダッシュとメディシンボール投げが有効であることが示唆された。The present study aimed to examine the contribution of physical fitness to pitch speed and batswing speed （bat speed） in elementary school baseball players. The subjects were 77 children whobelong to a little league team in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Pitch speed and bat swing speed （bat speed） exerted by full effort were measured with a microwave-type speed measuring instrument.Additionally, the subjects performed fundamental motor ability tests （10-meter sprint, standing broad jump, medicine ball throw, repeated sideways jumps, grip strength, back strength, toe gap force, and toe-grip strength）. The relationships between the above pitch and bat speed and each measurement values were examined. The bat speed showed significant partial correlations（regressing out participant age） with the physique （height and weight） but the pitch speed did not. The pitch speed showed significant and middle partial correlations with the standing broad jump, medicine ball throw, repeated sideways jumps, and back strength. However, the bat speed showed significant and middle partial correlations only with grip strength. From the results of multiple regression analysis, to improve the pitch speed of elementary school baseball players, developing repeated sideways jumps in addition to medicine ball throw may be important. On the other hand, as for bat speed, developing their 10-meter sprint and medicine ball throw ability may also be necessary.departmental bulletin pape
Consideration on the gender bias in the department of technology in Czech universities
Get PDF本稿では、チェコの大学における学術分野・大学間の女子学生の偏りの現状と要因を明らかにした。女子高等教育と女性に対する理数教育の歴史あるチェコにおいては、自然科学や技術系の特定の分野で女子学生の割合が高い。一方、地域総合大学の技術系学部、とりわけ社会主義に起源をもつ電子工学・機械工学部では女子学生の割合が低い。卒業後の職業への接続が具体化している学部であるが、男性ヘゲモニーが確立している分野であり、また女子に与えられる保守的な文化とかけ離れた分野であるために、中等教育段階の女子生徒の関心が低いと考えられる。それらの大学学部が中等教育段階での専門に対する関心を評価する入試を行っている点、メンターや女性研究者などエンカレッジ・ファクターが欠如している点などが、女子学生の進路選択の回避をさらに強固にしていると言える。This paper clarifies the current state and the factors of the bias of female students among the academic fields and universities in Czech Republic. In Czech Republic, where there is rich history of the higher education for women and the science and mathematics education for women, the percentage of female students is high in certain fields of natural science and technology. The ratio of female students is low in the technical science department of regional university, especially the department of electronical engineering and mechanical engineering whose roots are in the socialist technical colleges. The connections to the specific professions after graduation are embodied in those departments, which are the remnants of the socialist technical colleges. Those professions are the areas established by the male hegemony, and are far from the conservative girl’s culture. It is a reason why the concern of schoolgirls in the secondary education stage is not brought up to those fields of study. The technical departments of regional universities tend to appreciate students’interest in the specialization in the secondary education stage in their entrance examinations. There had lacked the encourage factors for schoolgirls such as mentors and female researchers in those fields. Those are also the factors to further strengthen the avoidance of the career selection of female students to those fields of study.departmental bulletin pape
Relative evaluation of Laotian students’ awareness of environmental issues
Get PDFThis paper analyzed differences in the awareness of environmental issues and environmental educational experience among Laotian students who received positive environmental education and Japanese students who did not. Despite Laos having rich natural resources, there are scarce water resources, and there has been much deforestation due to plantations and slash and burn agriculture. Young people’s awareness of environmental issues is important to solve these issues. We performeda questionnaire survey, and the analysis revealed that Laotian students had good experiences inenvironmental education and a good awareness of environmental issues but did not have positive knowledge concerning environmentally considerate behavior, implying that environmental education in Laos must change to include this behavior.ラオスは豊かな天然資源を保有しているにもかかわらず、プランテーションや焼畑による森林減少や水 資源問題を引き起こしている。他方で、日本においても SDGs に関する教育が萌芽し、その成果の国内評 価や国際的な相対評価が望まれている。本稿では、ラオス人学生と積極的に環境教育を受けている日本人 学生、積極的に環境教育を受けていない日本人学生の、環境意識と環境教育受講経験の違いを分析した。 これらの課題を解決するためには、若い世代の環境意識が重要である。そこで、アンケート調査を実施し、 クロス集計によって各属性にみられる環境意識の差違を評価した。その結果、ラオスの学生の環境意識は 総じて高く、環境教育の受講経験の差違でみた日本の学生にも差が確認された。departmental bulletin pape
Fatherhood and France: Fathering Schatz in Hemingway’s stories
Get PDFThis study examines Ernest Hemingway’s conception and construction of fatherhood by examining several stories in which the protagonists present the fathers’ perspective. By focusing in particular on the contexts surrounding the boy characters “Schatz,” who appear as protagonists’sons in several works and all grew up in France, Hemingway’s attitude towards the one-to-one father-son relationship from the father’s perspective can be clarified. Focusing on Hemingway’s depictions of fatherhood, rather than “sonhood,” through the character Schatz could show us a new aspect of Hemingway’s attitude towards the father-son relationship.20世紀のアメリカ人作家 Ernest Hemingway にとって、父息子関係は活動期間を通じた大きなテーマであった。しかし、その大部分が息子視点からの描写である。そこで本稿では、Hemingway が描く父性について、主人公が父親として登場する幾つかの作品に着目する事で考察する。特に Hemingway の執筆作品に点在して登場する Schatz という少年の描写をたどり、この作家の扱う父息子関係をあえて父親の視点から照射し直し、Hemingway の描く父息子関係の新しい側面を導き出す。複数の作品に登場する Schatz という少年は同一人物ではない。しかし全てがフランス育ちのアメリカ人少年で父親と共に物語に登場し、フランスとアメリカの価値観を比較するという共通点がある。この少年の描写を比較検討する事で、フランスというモチーフが Hemingway の考える父性に大きく、しかも複雑に関わっている事が明らかになった。departmental bulletin pape