Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science / Вестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политология
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Новые горизонты теории общества начала XXI в.: от постиндустриализма к неокапитализму
Get PDFThe paper aims to trace the formation of new theories of society, of theories of basic social conflict and of theories of social inequality at the turn of the century. These theories are based on a theoretical scheme of “new” capitalism / neocapitalism. They also criticize the established theories of postindustrialim and knowledge society. The new theories focus on analysis of the nature of work in contemporary society, of the structures and dynamics of social inequality. The main point of the analysis carried out in the paper is that knowledge science and technology cannot be viewed as an indepentdent explanatory factor on which to base the research of the actual social relations and their transformation. The theories of postindustrialism and theories of knowledge society do precisely this and that is why they are the object of criticism in the new theories which view knowledge, science and technology as subordinate to the relations of ownership and power
Капиталистический класс современного Китая
Get PDFSince 1978 People’s Republic of China has been carrying out the policy of reforms. As the result of these reforms, the powerful capitalist class has emerged. This class has transformed into a junior partner of the party-state bureaucracy of China. The author analyzes the capitalist class of China from different perspectives - number, wealth, age, gender, style of life. The author compares the capitalist class of China with capitalist classes of other countries - the USA, Germany, Japan, Russia, and India and so on. The author highlights the importance of the branch specialization of the capitalist class of China. The development of this class generates causes the industrialization and modernization. By contrast, the formation of the capitalist class causes the deindustrialization of Russia. The author highlights the main contradictions of the development of modern China. The situation of the capitalist class of China is contradictory. On one side, it needs the strong socialist state, on the other side, it needs the dismantlement of socialism
Самопрезентация социологии в научном знании
Get PDFThe article considers some methodological foundations of social cognition, socio-cultural and theoretical foundations of social science; defines a clear position in the sociology of science, criticizes the positivist’s approach to the analysis of the methods of sociology; epistemologically analyze such theoretical constructs, which formed the basis of modern sociological knowledge. The article posits the importance of theoretical knowledge in sociology and its philosophical and methodological foundations. Author explains the integrity of the science of sociology, it differs from simple empiricism. Here we describe the theory of Comte and Spencer, the theory of the scientific revolution Koyre, Kuhn’s theory of sciense paradigm and influence of these theories on the development of sociology (and their limitations). The author examines the methodological principles of postpositivism in the social sciences and social cognition in general and describes fenomenology and essential theories.В статье рассматриваются методологические основы социального познания, социокультурные и теоретические основания социальной науки; определяется место социологии в системе наук, проводится критика позитивистского подхода к анализу методов социологии; осуществляется эпистемологический анализ теоретических конструктов, послуживших основой современного социологического знания. Постулируется необходимость теоретического знания в социологии, ее философских и методологических оснований. Обосновывается общность социологической науки, ее отличие от простой эмпирики. Раскрываются теоретические подходы О. Конта и Г. Спенсера, концепция научной революции А. Койре, теория парадигм Т. Куна и их влияние (и ограниченность) на развитие социологической науки. Исследуются методологические принципы постпозитивистского подхода к социальным наукам и социальному познанию в целом. Описываются феноменологистичные и сущностные теории
Механизм влияния групп интересов в Европейском союзе: политико-социологический анализ
Get PDFInteraction between interest groups and political institutions is one of the cornerstones of the European Union policy making process. Although majority of Russian and foreign works dedicated to lobbying and decision making in the EU, concentrate on a governmental stadial system and normative procedures that regulate interest groups access to policy making centers. Such institutional approach doesn’t clarify why the EU has concrete policies, why not all interest groups are able to win, who sets the agenda and in whose interests decisions are made. Current article, using contemporary theories and research, analyzes process of interaction between interest groups and governmental structures in the EU. It also proposes explanations of wins and losses in the policy making process, trying to answer how interest groups interacts with each other and what patterns can be identified in the process of interest aggregation by governmental structures
Перспективы применения структурных математических конструктов как основы инструментальной концептуализации предметных областей социологии (постановка проблемы)
Get PDFОсобенности формирования современного религиозного индивидуализма по Д. ЭрвьёЛеже
Get PDFThe proposed paper outlines concepts of the Religious individualism in modern Western society analyzed by the French sociologist Danièle Hervieu-Léger in “Religion in movement” (1999). Author proposes an assessment of the religious situation in the French society at the end of the XX century. Particular attention is given to crisis of secular regulation of the religious in the modern society. The weakening of the regulatory capacity of religious institutions leads to a weakening of the secular state. Religious institutions should be able to implement the regime of the truth of faith, which makes the institutional power of the superior guarantor of common faith principles shared by all believers of the denomination. Modern institutional disorganization in the religious field, contributing to the destabilization of the French model of secularism, weakened by political cultural and economic liberalization that undermine its principles values that historically based secular system itself. Institutional crisis of the truths of faith approval favors an increase in the number of belief systems of individual communities. The problem can not be solved a priori, legally separating the traditional, “recognized by law” and other religions. The changing religious situation the state must find a new model of interaction with religious groups and organizations. The material is useful for comparative studies of the religious situation in Russia and Western Europe
Политический “генотип” как структурный элемент политической культуры
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the issue of genetic foundations of political culture in the context of the socio-political system changes. The author elaborates the concept of “political genotype” as a sustainable structural element of political culture that determines its content and the possibility of permissible variation. In this paper the main forms of existence of political genotype and its functions are also investigated; and “genetic” mechanism of political culture succession is explored.Статья посвящена исследованию вопроса о генетических основаниях политической культуры в контексте развития социально-политической системы. Автором разрабатывается понятие “политического генотипа” как устойчивого структурного элемента политической культуры, определяющего ее содержание и допустимые возможности изменчивости. В работе также выделяются основные формы существования и проявления политического генотипа, его функции, раскрывается “генетический” механизм политико-культурной преемственности
Проблемы измерения современного менеджмента
Get PDFOne of the modern trends in quality management is the need to measure. Measure everything is possible, the main thing to choose the right criteria. However, the measurement is not always allows us to interpret the situation correctly. This article reviewed examples of when measurement is just not working, and, moreover, harm management processes. Today, the quality of management is the need to build indexes and characteristics. The main tool of comparison of various aspects of governance in the world is based on them, both on the state level and at the level of individual corporations. Today, the measurements are the most popular in modern trends of management. Measurement is a motivating element. The problem of adequate construction of the measuring instrument, which allows on the basis of the measurements to plan the necessary changes in accordance with the changing environment. The article describes the basics and the basic principles of such sciences as metrology and qualimetry that traditionally belongs to the field of engineering, but so necessary to modern management. On concrete examples the author considered the applicability of the measurement bases in everyday life, in business management and public administration level