Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science / Вестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политология
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СУПРУЖЕСКОЕ НАСИЛИЕ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ВИКТИМИЗАЦИИ ЖЕНЩИН
Get PDFThe article deals with spousal violence against women. Criminal and everyday aspects of conjugal violence highlighted. Criminal violence is reflected in the crime statistics. Everyday aspect includes impostored and indifference violence. The author distinguishes four contexts in which spousal violence is unfolding: sociocultural (class structure of society, settings and attitudes towards violence, etc.); family (the modern family structure, family relationships and their dynamics, and others); individual (prescribed cultural understanding of the strengths and weaknesses, self-esteem and self-control, etc.); crisis (means and opportunities to establish and maintain non-conflict situation in the family, reduced resistance to the couple in crisis situations, etc.). The article presents the results of empirical research of problem of spousal violence youth too. The study found gender differences in the perception and evaluation of the problem of conjugal violence, the differences in the assessment methods of spousal violence, etc.
ОТ ПОВЕДЕНЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА К ПОСТ-БИХЕВИОРАЛИЗМУ: ИСТОРИЯ ПАРАДИГМЫ
Get PDFArticle is devoted to the review of formation and decline of behavioralism paradigm in political science. The author begins the analysis with critical consideration of the scientific concepts preceding emergence of modernist empiricism within which there is a behavioral analysis. Further the researcher traces formation behaviorism in the social disciplines: formation model in psychology, release of the theory out of limits of pure psychology and transferring ideas in sociology and political science. The author analyzes inquiries to the scientific theory by behavioralism. He opens the principles of behavioralism as paradigm in political science. The author presents the conceptual and contextual factors promoting recession of popularity behavioralism in political science and submits methodological restrictions approach. The author states the main claims of critics to this research approach and explains the reasons decline this paradigm. At the same time the methodological reflection of behavioralism which has followed recession of his popularity is reflected in work. The author opens the principles of the new methodological direction – post-behavioralism and the position of modern representatives of the behavioral analysis
ОБЗОР ТЕМАТИКИ И СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ДИССЕРТАЦИЙ ПО СОЦИОЛОГИИ, РАССМОТРЕННЫХ ДИССЕРТАЦИОННЫМ СОВЕТОМ Д 501.001.01 НА БАЗЕ МГУ ИМЕНИ М.В. ЛОМОНОСОВА с 2005 по 2015 г.
Get PDFThis article analyzes the main subjects and contents of candidate and doctoral dissertations on sociology, which have been defended in dissertation council D 501.001.01 based on the Lomonosov Moscow State University starting from year 2005 until 2015. The subjects of the defended dissertations fully comply with the priority research areas of the Sociological faculty of MSU and is dedicated to solving modern sociological issues. While analyzing the subject and the content of the dissertations, a major priority was given to overview the scientific novelty, as a complex of new scientific results and provisions, which contain the solution to the actual issue, which is important for the future development of sociology, and which witness the author’s personal impact in this particular area. The doctoral dissertations are based on the analysis of social equality and it’s role in the consolidation of the modern Russian society, analysis of the genesis of social rights, sociocultural processes in organizations, and the socialization of young people in the transition society. The candidate’s dissertations (PhD) based on specialty 22.00.01, rely on a serious analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches of the classics of sociology, modern concepts of domestic and foreign authors. The candidate’s dissertations (PhD) on the specialty 22.00.04 are devoted to the study of related structures of society, transformation processes in the social structure, social stratification, the study of the new elements of the social structure, changes in social institutions. The candidate’s dissertations (PhD) on the specialty 22.00.06 explore the sociological problems of culture — its structure, social functions, forms, levels, cultural dynamics, tradition and innovation, global and local trends in the development of culture, cultural socialization of youth.
Социологические доминанты в исследовательских проектах теории и практики государственного управления
Get PDFThe article provides an overview of the theoretical relationships of public administration with the scientific bases of social disciplines. The author defines the relationship between the theory of public administration with the methodological principles and structure of general sociology, and a range of sectoral sociological theories. The principles of the study of public administration are represented in the structure of interactions with the basic elements of macrosociology, empirical sociological studies, and interdisciplinary areas of knowledge. Special attention is paid to the causes and consequences of underestimating of the relationship between sociology and economics. The author approves the need for their synthesis in the development of theoretical models and practical recommendations to the authorities. Concerning the large scale of financial resources from public budgets and the simultaneous crisis of the welfare state in modern Russia, the task to solve the problem of “government failures” becomes really urgent. The multifactor model of the sociological measurement of public administration’s quality is presented as a result of author’s analysis. The basic directions of sociological research of public administration and social policy are proved and connected with the administrative reforms and elaboration of development strategy for Russian society
Основные факторы продолжительности жизни жителей мегаполиса (на примере Москвы)
Get PDFThis article analyzes mortality rate, life expectancy and self-preservation behavior of the Russian population. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of these indicators in Moscow. The author analyzes and explains the differences in life expectancy between Muscovites and residents of other regions. The article shows that despite the environmental problems, levels of noise and stress, chaotic rhythm of life, life expectancy in Moscow is the highest in the country. The analysis also demonstrates indicators of life expectancy in different administrative districts of the capital. The correlation is discovered between education, material wealth, social status and life expectancy. The statistical data is given which characterizes the mortality rate and life expectancy of the population of Moscow and underlines the main trends. Author considers that one of the key factors influencing the life expectancy is the positive side of self-preservation behavior of the population, focus on a healthy lifestyle. The article examines the impact on mortality and life expectancy indicators such as the percentage of smokers among the population and the level of alcohol consumption
Социальный конфликт “врач - пациент” в современном российском обществе: объективные причины и субъективные факторы
Get PDFThe article is devoted to one of the most actual and complex problems of the modern Russian society - the conflict of the doctor and the patient. It analyzes the causes of the objective and subjective factors of the conflict in the modernization of health and medical care. Among the objective reasons are the imperfections of the regulatory framework in the field of health care, poor quality education of future health workers, expanding the range of paid medical services, the destructive activities of the media, “warming up” conflicting confrontation. In it the objective reasons and subjective factors of occurrence of this conflict in the conditions of modernization of public health services and population health services are analyzed. Among the objective reasons the special attention is given to imperfection of standard base in the field of public health services, to poor quality of formation at the future medical workers, to expansion of a spectrum of paid medical services, destructive activity of the mass-media, “warming up” disputed opposition. The author connects subjective factors of the conflict with specificity of the medical profession and the characteristics of its implementation in recent years. First of all, they are - the deformation of professional consciousness of doctors, low motivation for their work and a lack of interest physician in treating the patient. The problem of the conflict is exacerbated by the imbalance of the system management of personnel potential of the industry, weakening the control of the medical organizations. “Medical errors” and poor development of evidence-based medicine in recent years have caused a great resonance in society. In conclusion the author proposes preventive measures to reduce social conflict of “doctor and patient” and the scientific development of social harmonization in the relationship
Эмпирические модели структуры личностных качеств руководителей: аффективный тип социального действия М. Вебера (результаты прикладных исследований)
Get PDFThe article is devoted to methodological foundations of research of leader’s personal qualities. In difference from the previous work, which was devoted to a research of personal qualities of heads, including civil officers, at works of Plato, Aristotle and M. Weber, where were shown empirical models of structure of personal qualities of heads: instrumental-rational and value-rational social actions. This publication presents the empirical models of structure of personal qualities of heads of affective type of M. Weber’s social action. Thanks to it, M. Weber’s concept about social action receives one more approach to verification in practice. The following directions of social researches are allocated. The first direction. When in structure of personal qualities the emotional component is a dominant (“emotional unbalance”), in comparison with intellectual, moral, strong-willed and other personal qualities (diplomacy, social experience, and so forth). Those people, whose indicators of emotional unbalance are in extreme, in maximum borders - carry to psychopaths and they are an object of clinical psychology and medicine. The second direction. When in structure of personal qualities emotional unbalance competes on equal terms (equally has bright difference, a deviation from average values) to intellectual, moral and strong-willed qualities. The third direction. When in structure of personal qualities intellectual, moral and strong-willed and others personal qualities dominate over affective lines
Исследовательская культура социолога в условиях междисциплинарного развития наук
Get PDFThe article focuses on the responsibility of the researcher in the study. From the side of philosophy and sociology of science have often found the attention to the culture of research and the communal culture of the scientist. However, consideration has become a particular area of learning. It has established its own specific research culture. This specificity depends on many circumstances. These include, for example, include the scientist, his belonging to a scientific school or scientific staff, etc. The culture of research has become an integral part of scientific activity, and its level was influenced by the heuristic, the results of scientific research. As you know, the consistent development of science in modern times have discovered a definite trend towards interdisciplinary interaction of knowledge from different subject areas. A special place in the cooperation of Sciences is sociology. In the article the features of formation and strengthen the culture of research activities of the sociologist in terms of such interdisciplinary interaction. Determined by objective and subjective factors influencing the progress of research within sociological knowledge, developing in the context of interdisciplinarity. Attention to the analysis of methodical competence of a sociologist
Имидж руководителя органа внутренних дел на микроуровне (опыт эмпирического исследования)
Get PDFThe article determines image of the head of law-enforcement body. Subjects and objects of image are described. Inhomogenuity of image is cleared up. Method of examination is shortly micro level described. It is talking about image, which is formed in mind of members of team of law-enforcement body, who are subordinated to object of image. State-of-the-art is illustrated, according to received data. Hypothesis about negative image of the head in mind of subordinates is disproved. It is shown contradiction of images in collective mind and social mind.В статье дается определение имиджа руководителя ОВД. Описываются субъекты и объекты имиджа, раскрывается его неоднородность. Кратко описывается методика исследования имиджа на микроуровне. Речь идет об имидже, который формируется в сознании членов коллектива органа внутренних дел, непосредственно подчиненного объекту имиджа. С опорой на полученные данные, иллюстрируется его современное состояние. Опровергается гипотеза о негативном имидже руководителя в глазах подчиненных. Указывается на расхождение имиджей в коллективном и общественном сознаниях
“Умные” города: перспективы появления и развития в России
Get PDFThe article deals with the transformation of the socio-economic systems at the global and national levels, the associated changes of urban communities life. Urban development trends in the modern world are studied in terms of industrial revolution, involving the introduction of intelligent information technology in everyday practice. We analyze the “smart” city as one of the most common concepts, offering the solution of environmental and socio-economic problems, the opportunities for sustainable development. The main features of the “smart” cities are examined on examples. The possibilities of innovation development of Russian cities are inquired, Moscow’s and Russia’s places in the international rankings are examined. The most attractive for investment regions and cities of Russia are considered.В статье рассматриваются трансформации социально-экономических систем на глобальном и национальном уровнях, связанные с ними изменения жизни городских сообществ. Выделяются тенденции развития городов в современном мире в условиях промышленных революций, предполагающие внедрение интеллектуальных информационных технологий в повседневные практики. Анализируется “умный” город как один из наиболее распространенных концептов, предлагающих решение экологических и социально-экономических проблем, возможности для устойчивого развития. Выделяются основные черты “умных” городов, приводятся их примеры. Анализируются возможности инновационного развития российских городов, место России и Москвы в международных рейтингах. Рассматриваются наиболее привлекательные для инвестиций регионы и города России