e-Journal of Hamzanwadi University
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What Solvent is Actually the Best for Extracting Andrographolide? – Computational Evaluation of the Atomic Behavior in Different Solvent Models
No full textAndrographolide, a bioactive diterpenoid lactone from Andrographis paniculata, exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, making solvent selection critical for optimizing extraction efficiency while preserving bioactivity. This study aimed to identify the optimal solvent for andrographolide extraction through computational evaluation of solvation thermodynamics and electronic properties using density functional theory. Geometry optimization and solvation calculations were performed at the B3LYP/def2-SVP level using the Conductor-like Polarizable Continuum Model (CPCM) in ORCA version 6.0.1 across twelve solvent systems including water, alcohols, aprotic solvents, and non-polar media. Molecular properties including solvation free energy, frontier molecular orbitals, global chemical reactivity descriptors, dipole moment, atomic charge distribution, molecular electrostatic potential, and infrared spectra were systematically analyzed. Results demonstrated that water exhibited the most favorable solvation free energy at -76.64 kJ/mol, superior to all other examined solvents including acetonitrile (-75.30 kJ/mol), methanol (-75.05 kJ/mol), and significantly better than hexane (-33.52 kJ/mol). Water induces optimal dipole moment enhancement to 1.253 Debye while maintaining stable HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 5.009 eV and consistent global reactivity descriptors, confirming preservation of intrinsic chemical properties and bioactivity. Infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed complete structural integrity in aqueous environment. This computational study establishes water as the superior extraction medium for andrographolide based on exceptional thermodynamic favorability, optimal electronic stabilization, maintained molecular stability, and practical advantages including non-toxicity and environmental sustainability
Pengaruh Permainan Tradisional Engrang Batok Kelapa Terhadap Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak
No full textThe main problem in this study was the low gross motor skills of children in Group B2 at Cendekia Tadulako Kindergarten, particularly in terms of leg muscle strength, balance, and walking speed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of playing the traditional coconut shell game on improving children's gross motor skills in these three aspects. The study used a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 10 children selected through saturation sampling. Data were collected through observation using validated instruments and analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed a significant improvement. The percentage of children in the Very Good Development (VGD) category increased from 0% to 90% for leg muscle strength, from 0% to 50% for balance, and from 0% to 40% for walking speed. The average gross motor score rose from 5.70 to 10.20. Statistical tests produced a significance value of 0.005 (p < 0.05). The conclusion of this study proves that the traditional coconut shell engrang game is effective and significant in improving the gross motor skills of early childhood, so it is recommended as a contextual learning medium in the PAUD curriculum.Masalah dalam penelitian ini terletak pada kemampuan motorik kasar anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui permainan tradisional engrang batok kelapa terhadap kemampuan motorik kasar anak di kelompok B2 TK Cendekia Tadulako. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Adapun subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 10 anak, terdiri dari 4 anak laki-laki dan 6 anak perempuan pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2024/2025. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentas. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus persentase. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dari sebelum maupun sesudah diberikan perlakuan, kemampuan motorik kasar anak dalam aspek kekuatan otot kaki berdiri diatas bataok kelapa BSB dari 0% menjadi 90%, kategori BSH dari 6% menjadi 10%, kategori MB dari 40% menjadi 0%, dan kategori BB tetap sama 0%. Sedangkan, aspek kedua, yaitu aspek keseimbangan berjalan dengan batok kelapa tanpa terjatuh untuk kategori BSB dari 0% menjadi 50%, kategori BSH dari 10% menjadi 50%, kategori MB dan kategori BB sama dari 0%. Aspek terakhir adalah kecepatan berjalan dengan batok kelapa, kategori BSB dari 0% menjadi 60%, kategori BSH dari 0% menjadi 30%, kategori MB dari 40% menjadi 30%, dan kategori BB dari 60% menjadi 0%. Selain itu, nilai t hitung sebesar 6.548 dengan singnifikan 0,000 karena <0,05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima, berarti terdapat pengaruh permaianan tradisional engrang batok kelapa terhadap kemampuan motorik kasar anak di kelompok B2 TK Cendekia Tadulako
Analisa Komparatif Klasifikasi Citra Sayuran dengan Algoritma Support Vector Machine dan Convolutional Neural Network
Get PDFThis study presents a comparative analysis between the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, representing machine learning techniques, and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm, representing deep learning techniques, for vegetable image classification. The research adopts a quantitative approach by conducting multiple experimental schemes involving various SVM feature extraction methods and CNN architectures. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the performance, effectiveness, and computational efficiency of SVM and CNN algorithms. The dataset used in this study is a publicly available vegetable image dataset obtained from the Kaggle platform, consisting of 21.000 images categorized into 15 classes. The experimental results indicate that CNN significantly outperforms SVM in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Moreover, CNN demonstrates superior generalization capability in predicting unseen image data. The best performance of the SVM algorithm was achieved using the Color Histogram feature extraction method, yielding an accuracy of 93%. In contrast, CNN models employing pre-trained architectures achieved higher accuracy, with VGG16 and MobileNetV2 obtaining accuracies of 98% and 100%, respectively. Based on the comparative results, CNN provides higher classification accuracy than SVM; therefore, this study can serve as a scientific reference for the development of image classification systems in digital agriculture and other applications requiring high accuracy and efficient computational performance
Sistem Rekomendasi Beasiswa Prestasi Akademik Berdasarkan Nilai Rata-Rata Dan Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif Menggunakan Logika Fuzz
Get PDFScholarships play a crucial role in enhancing student motivation and academic achievement. However, the selection process often faces challenges in objectively determining eligibility. This study aims to develop an Artificial Intelligence-based scholarship recommendation system using a fuzzy logic approach to address uncertainty and variation in academic grades. The main contribution of this research is improving the objectivity and adaptability of the scholarship selection system through a fuzzy logic approach capable of assessing eligibility in a gradual and proportional manner. Data were collected from various publicly published scholarship agencies, including GPA, grade point average, and other academic requirements. The method used involves fuzzification to convert numerical data into fuzzy sets, applying fuzzy rules in the inference process, and defuzzification to generate consistently interpretable recommendation scores. The system was built using Python on the Google Colab platform and evaluated through white-box testing to ensure all internal logic flows work as designed. The results show that the fuzzy approach can provide more adaptive and objective recommendations compared to fixed threshold-based selection methods. The practical benefit of this system is to provide scholarship institutions with a transparent, efficient decision support tool that reduces subjectivity in the selection process
Analisis Kondisi Lingkungan Pesisir dan Permasalahan Sampah di Pantai Mangunharjo Kota Semarang
Get PDFPermasalahan sampah laut di wilayah pesisir sering kali dipandang secara simplistis sebagai akibat dari rendahnya etika lingkungan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi lingkungan pesisir dan permasalahan sampah di Pantai Mangunharjo dengan mengintegrasikan perspektif Blue Economy dan Blue Justice. Dengan menerapkan metode campuran (mixed-methods), data dikumpulkan melalui survei terhadap 38 responden, pemetaan partisipatif, photovoice, dan wawancara mendalam yang diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak Atlas.ti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kontradiksi yang signifikan; kesadaran lingkungan responden tergolong tinggi (2.01), namun perilaku pengelolaan sampah tetap berada pada kategori sedang cenderung rendah. Dokumentasi visual melalui photovoice mengonfirmasi terjadinya fenomena "jebakan sampah" pada akar mangrove akibat ketiadaan sistem drainase. Analisis diagram jaringan mengungkapkan bahwa keterbatasan anggaran pemerintah memicu pengabaian infrastruktur secara kronis, yang kemudian memaksa warga melakukan praktik pembuangan sampah berbahaya sebagai pilihan rasional untuk bertahan hidup. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa krisis di Mangunharjo adalah bentuk ketidakadilan sistemik di mana kerentanan ekonomi masyarakat pesisir diperparah oleh absennya dukungan fasilitas negara. Rekomendasi utama riset ini menekankan perlunya intervensi infrastruktur pengelolaan limbah yang inklusif dan integratif untuk memutus rantai jebakan sistemik tersebut
Transformations of students’ cognitive processes when solving PISA-like problems: A commognitive analysis
No full textThe mathematical literacy of Indonesian students in PISA 2022 was categorized as low, highlighting the importance of understanding students’ cognitive processes in mathematical problem solving. This study examines transformations in the cognitive processes of a 15-year-old Indonesian student when solving PISA-like problems using Sfard’s commognitive framework. A qualitative approach was employed to capture detailed learning dynamics. The participant was a 15-year-old student from a randomly selected junior high school in Rembang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia, purposefully selected based on the mathematics teacher’s nomination for strong mathematical ability and clear evidence of cognitive shifts during problem solving. The tasks were developed by the researcher and adapted to relevant Indonesian contexts. Qualitative data—including written work, observations, and semi-structured interviews—were analyzed using mathematical literacy processes (formulating, employing, interpreting, and evaluating) and mapped onto four commognitive components: Word Use (WU), Visual Mediators (VM), Routines (R), and Narratives (N). Findings show that reflective self-evaluation supports cognitive restructuring, enabling movement from procedural errors toward coherent reasoning through shifts in WU, VM, and R. The study underscores the need for instructional designs that foster meta-level discourse, reflective thinking, and flexible visual re-representation to strengthen students’ mathematical reasoning
Pengaruh Permainan Egrang Batok Kelapa Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Anak SD
No full textThe low level of gross motor skills among elementary school students, particularly balance skills, poses a challenge in physical education. This is often caused by a lack of varied, interesting physical activities that are appropriate for children's developmental characteristics. This study aims to examine the effect of the traditional coconut shell stilts game on improving the gross motor skills of upper grade students (grades V-VI). The method used was quantitative with a pre-experimental approach using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample consisted of 23 students from SDN Kliteh who were selected purposively. Data were collected through the Balance Test instrument (Pasarribu, 2020) and analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired sample t-tests. The results showed a significant increase in students' balance scores, from a pretest average of 18.03 to 26.38 on the posttest (p < 0.001). Effect size analysis (Cohen's d = 0.95) indicated a large effect. The conclusion of this study proves that the traditional coconut shell stilts game is effective in improving students' gross motor skills and can be recommended as a simple, contextual, and effective alternative model for physical education learning.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh permainan tradisional egrang batok kelapa terhadap peningkatan keterampilan motorik kasar siswa sekolah dasar kelas atas. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksperimen dan desain pre-eksperimen jenis one-group pretest–posttest. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 23 siswa kelas V–VI SDN Kliteh. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan Balance Test yang mengukur kemampuan keseimbangan statis dan dinamis siswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan uji t berpasangan (paired sample t-test). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata pretest sebesar 18,03 meningkat menjadi 26,38 pada posttest. Uji hipotesis menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai pretest dan posttest dengan nilai p < 0,001. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa permainan tradisional egrang batok kelapa memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan keterampilan motorik kasar siswa, khususnya kemampuan keseimbangan. Dengan demikian, permainan egrang batok kelapa dapat dijadikan alternatif pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani yang efektif, sederhana, dan sesuai dengan karakteristik perkembangan siswa sekolah dasar kelas atas
hubungan antara otot lengan, otot tungkai, dan otot perut terhadap smash bola voli pada club bina voli sepanjang masa
No full textThis study was motivated by the phenomenon observed in the field, where approximately 35% of athletes still experience difficulties in executing smashes, presumably due to suboptimal specific physical training programs. The study aims to analyze the relationship between arm, leg, and abdominal muscle strength and volleyball smash ability, as well as to identify the relative contribution of each variable. The method use is quantitative correlational with a population of 30 athletes from the Bina Voli Sepanjang Masa Club (total sampling). Data were collected through physical tests (push-ups, vertical jumps, sit-ups) and smash skill tests, analyzed for using multiple linear regression. The results showed a very strong relationship with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.965, meaning that 96.5% of the variation in smash ability could be explained by these three variables. Partially, leg muscle strength contributed the most (31.0%), followed by arm muscles (26.3%), and abdominal muscles (5.5%). The study concluded that smash ability is greatly influenced by the athlete's physical condition, with the recommendation that training programs prioritize strengthening leg explosive power, supported by increased arm strength and abdominal muscle stability.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kekuatan otot lengan, otot tungkai, dan otot perut untuk kemampuan smash bola voli pada atlet Club Bina Voli Sepanjang Masa. Penelitian menggunakan desain korelasional menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui analisis regresi linier berganda. Populasi dari penelitian berjumlah 30 atlet bola voli yang seluruhnya dijadikan sampel yang bisa menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Untuk Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan tes fisik dan keterampilan, meliputi tes push-up guna mengukur kekuatan otot lengan, vertical jump test guna mengukur kekuatan otot tungkai, sit-up test guna mengukur kekuatan otot perut, serta tes keterampilan smash bola voli. Sebelum pengujian hipotesis, data dianalisis menggunakan uji normalitas dan uji linearitas. Hasil analisis regresi linier berganda menunjukkan nilai koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 0,982 dengan koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,965, yang berarti bahwa 96,5% variasi kemampuan smash dapat dijelaskan secara simultan oleh kekuatan otot lengan, otot tungkai, dan otot perut. Secara parsial, kekuatan otot tungkai memberikan kontribusi terbesar terhadap kemampuan smash 31,0%, diikuti oleh kekuatan otot lengan 26,3%, sedangkan kekuatan otot perut berperan sebagai faktor pendukung yang tetap signifikan secara statistik 5,5%. Temuan ini bisa menunjukkan dalam kemampuan smash bola voli sangat dipengaruhi kondisi fisik atlet, fokusnya kekuatan otot tungkai dan otot lengan yang didukung oleh stabilitas otot perut
PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN BELAJAR DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK IDHATA PONTIANAK SELATAN
No full textPengelolaan lingkungan belajar merupakan hal terpenting yang harus dipersiapkan oleh suatu lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini. Hal ini dikarenakan lingkungan tempat belajar sangat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan anak. Penyediaan lingkungan belajar bagi anak merupakan salah satu sumber belajar yang dapat dioptimalkan untuk pencapaian proses dan hasil pendidikan yang berkualitas bagi anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengelolaan lingkungan belajar di Taman Kanak-kanak Idahta Pontianak Selatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian dilaksanakan di Taman Kanak-kanak Idahta Pontianak Selatan. Jumlah subjek kepala sekolah dan guru kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengelolaan lingkungan belajar di Taman Kanak-kanak Idahta Pontianak Selatan masuk pada kriteria baik. dilihat dari: 1) Perencanaan pengelolaan lingkungan belajar yang terencana dengan baik. 2) Pelaksanaan pengelolaan lingkungan belajar disesuaikan dengan tema pembelajaran dan model pembelajaran yang digunakan. Lingkungan belajar anak didesain semenarik mungkin, dalam pembelajarannya menggunakan sarana, prasarana, dan sumber belajar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pembelajaran anak
Skrining Fitokimia dan Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Biji Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) asal Lampung Barat
No full textRobusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is one of Indonesia’s leading agricultural commodities, with West Lampung serving as a major production center. Besides its economic significance, robusta coffee has garnered scientific attention due to its potential as a source of bioactive compounds. Among these, flavonoids stand out for their well-documented antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties, making them highly relevant for applications in cosmetic and personal care products, particularly in hair care formulations. Flavonoids are known to play a crucial role in maintaining scalp health, preventing oxidative damage to hair follicles, and promoting overall hair vitality. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile and quantify the total flavonoid content in Coffea canephora bean extract originating from West Lampung. Phytochemical screening was conducted qualitatively to detect the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids. For the quantification of total flavonoid content, a UV-Visible spectrophotometric method was employed, using quercetin as the standard reference compound. The extract was first macerated with 96% ethanol, followed by filtration and evaporation to obtain a concentrated sample. The results revealed the presence of key bioactive compounds, including tannins, saponins, and notably, flavonoids. The total flavonoid content was found to be 784 mg QE/g extract. These findings support the potential utilization of Coffea canephora from West Lampung as a functional raw material in cosmetic formulations, particularly for hair care products aimed at protecting against oxidative stress and enhancing scalp and hair health. Further studies are recommended to explore the extract’s mechanism of action and its compatibility in cosmetic bases