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A cultural-historical shift in Denmark in views on childhood sexuality and practices in childcare institutions, influenced by fears of child sexual abuse
Full text linkSince the 1980s, the fear of child sexual abuse (CSA) has become a major cultural feature of the West. Internationally, the unintended consequences of this fear are rarely investigated, and doing so is often controversial. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate these consequences. The dissertation has two key focuses: 1) the influence of the fear of CSA on staff practices, male childcare-staff working conditions, and teacher–child relationships at childcare institutions; 2) the influence of the fear of CSA on the view of childhood sexuality and childcare institutions’ practices surrounding children’s sexual behavior. The dissertation is based on two major empirical studies. One was a mixed methods survey regarding guidelines for protecting children against CSA, and staff against wrongful allegations of this, in which approximately one-quarter of Danish childcare facilities participated. This study also addressed these institutions’ rules regarding children’s nudity and sexual games. The other study investigated the changes in the view of childhood sexuality and nudity in the Danish education and care journal, Børn&Unge (Children&Youth), over 50 years: 1970–2019, in particular the emergence of the “child perpetrator of sexual abuse” in the late 1990s. The main method used in the dissertation is discourse analysis. The conceptual framework includes discourse theory, Foucault’s theory of discipline, and literature on fear. This dissertation, which presents one of the most substantial empirical research projects conducted to investigate the multiple effects and unintended consequences of the widespread fear of CSA, documents an important cultural shift at Danish childcare facilities. It shows that the fear of CSA has had a significant impact on practices and relationships at Danish childcare institutions, enforcing self-defense strategies among staff and resulting in a general disciplining of bodies, and the behavior of both staff and children, which has reduced trust, care, intimacy, learning opportunities, and children’s sexual play. In particular, this dissertation reveals how this development has created social outcasts, even among the children it aimed to protect; it has stigmatized male childcare professionals and influenced the panic surrounding childhood sexuality that identifies some children as perpetrators of sexual abuse
Mathematical reasoning competency and digital tools
No full textI de seneste årtier er to fokusområder løbende blevet diskuteret inden for forskningen i matematikdidaktik. Det første fokusområde italesætter at mestre og lære matematik som besiddelse og udvikling af matematisk kompetence i stedet for viden og læring af matematiske fakta og færdigheder (Niss, 2016). Det andet område udforsker brugen af digitale teknologier i undervisning og læring af matematik (Artigue & Trouche, 2021).
Den danske KOM-rapport skitserer otte matematiske kompetencer, der beskriver aktiviteter relateret til at udøve og håndtere matematik (Niss & Højgaard, 2019). Blandt de otte kompetencer er matematisk ræsonnementskompetence, som er omdrejningspunkt for dette studie. Ræsonnementskompetence indebærer at analysere eller producere argumenter for at begrunde matematiske påstande (Niss & Højgaard, 2019). Kompetencerne, sammen med brugen af digitale værktøjer, er en del af de danske matematiklæreplaner på både grundskole- og gymnasieniveau (Danmarks Evalueringsinstitut [EVA], 2009).
Moderne digitale matematikværktøjer, såsom dynamiske geometri programmer og computer algebra systemer (CAS), integrerer i stigende grad funktionalitet fra hinanden (Freiman, 2014; Sutherland & Rojano, 2014), hvilket giver nye muligheder men også øger programmernes kompleksitet. Dette studie, rapporteret i denne afhandling, har både praktiske og teoretiske formål. Praktisk undersøges, hvordan integrationen af geometri og algebra i digitale matematikværktøjer kan støtte elevers ræsonnementsprocesser i udskolingens matematikundervisning. Studiet lægger vægt på at gøre det muligt for eleverne at udøve deres matematiske ræsonnementskompetence snarere end som sådan at udvikle elevernes kompetence. Teoretisk søger studiet at fremme bæredygtig teoretisk udvikling ved at forbinde KOM med international matematikdidaktiskforskning. Dette opnås ved at anvende et netværksperspektiv (Prediger, Bikner-Ahsbahs et al., 2008) på teoriudvikling.
Projektets metodiske udgangspunkt er designbaseret forskning (Bakker, 2018; Cobb et al., 2003; Gravemeijer & Prediger, 2019; McKenney & Reeves, 2014). Det har guidet indsamling og analyse af data samt design af opgaver, der fordrer elevers udøvelse af matematiske ræsonnementskompetence i brugen af digitale teknologier med fokus på variable som et generaliseret tal. I den henseende er der udviklet og designet en ”microworld” (Hoyles, 1993) med variable punkter med tilhørende opgavesekvenser. Den er udviklet med henblik på at lade eleverne udøve matematiske ræsonnementskompetencer gennem deres undersøgelse af grundlæggende algebraiske udtryk og strukturelle implikationer i de variable punkters dynamiske egenskaber.
Udover KOM anvender projektet andre teoretiske perspektiver, såsom den instrumentelle tilgang til matematikundervisning (IAME) (Guin & Trouche, 1998) og dens opfattelse af kognitive skemaer (Vergnaud, 1998b) i relation til skema-teknik-dualiteten (Drijvers et al., 2013), samt Toulmins (2003) argumentationsmodel. Disse perspektiver bruges til at analysere, beskrive og forklare empiriske data, særligt i forhold til elevernes brug af digitale værktøjer og deres matematiske ræsonnementskompetence.
Afhandlingen består af seks forskningsartikler og denne tilhørende rapport, der beskriver den teoretiske baggrund, metodologi samt bidrager med yderligere analyser og resultater. Paper 1 er et litteraturstudie, der identificerer potentielle værktøjer i GeoGebra, et dynamisk geometri- og algebraprogram, til elevers ræsonnementer af variablen som et generaliseret tal. Paper 1 har informeret studiets efterfølgende designprocesser og produkter. Papers 2 til 5 analyserer empiriske data fra elever, der arbejder med forskellige opgaver, og udviklingen af et analytisk værktøj til instrumented justification. Artikel 2 introducerer den indledende teoretiske udvikling i at forbinde KOM og IAME, som genfortolkes gennem Toulmins model, hvilket fører til udviklingen af et analytisk værktøj. Artikel 3 forfiner dette værktøj, instrumented justification, og beskriver elevers ræsonnementsprocesser ved brug af digitale værktøjer. Artikel 4 fokuserer på elevers mål i brugen af digitale værktøjer i deres undersøgelser og løsning af en opgave. Opgaven videreudvikles på baggrund heraf, og opgavens potentiale og udfordringer for udøvelse af ræsonnementskompetence undersøges. Artikel 5 fokuserer på kognitive skemaer i det analytiske værktøj i analyser af Vergnauds (1998) skema-bestanddele og uddyber, hvordan elevers konceptuelle viden integreres i deres instrumenterede ræsonnementsprocesser. Artikel 6 behandler begrebet forgrunds- og baggrundsteori i et netværksperspektiv på teoriudvikling.
Afhandlingen bidrager med tre designprincipper for opgavedesign, der understøtter elevers udøvelse af ræsonnementskompetence, en ”microworld” til at udforske og begrunde variable punkters dynamiske bevægelse og tilhørende opgaver. Den uddyber også ræsonnementskompetence i elevers instrumenterede ræsonnementsprocesser og skema-teknik-dualiteten og giver forslag til at understøtte disse processer i klasseværelset gennem opgavedesigns. Derudover identificerer den en hybridopfattelse mellem kontinuerlige og diskrete forståelser af variable i forudsigelsen af variable punkters bevægelsesmønstre i dynamiske geometri- og algebraprogrammer og foreslår teoretiske forbindelser mellem KOM og IAME som potentialer for yderligere teoretisk udvikling.In recent decades, among others, two areas of focus have emerged in mathematics education research. The first emphasizes mastering mathematics as competencies, proficiency, or literacy, as opposed to merely knowing mathematical facts and skills (Niss, 2016). The second area explores the use of digital technologies in teaching and learning mathematics (Artigue & Trouche, 2021).
The Danish competency framework, known as the KOM-framework, outlines eight mathematical competencies that describe activities related to doing and dealing with mathematics (Niss & Højgaard, 2019). Among the eight competencies, mathematical reasoning competency, which involves analyzing or producing arguments to justify mathematical claims, is the focus of this project (Niss & Højgaard, 2019). The KOM-framework, along with the use of digital tools, is featured in the Danish mathematics curricula across primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary education (Danmarks Evalueringsinstitut [EVA] 2009). In addition, digital mathematics tools, such as dynamic geometry environments and computer algebra systems, increasingly integrate functionalities from both geometry and algebra (Freiman, 2014; Sutherland & Rojano, 2014), offering new possibilities and complexities that often surpass the understanding of laypersons. This study reported in this dissertation has both practical and theoretical aims. Practically, it investigates how the integration of digital tools in geometry and algebra can support students’ reasoning processes in lower secondary mathematics education and emphasizes enabling students to exercise their mathematical reasoning competency rather than developing the competency as such. Theoretically, the study seeks to promote sustainable theoretical development by linking the KOM-framework with international mathematics education research. This is achieved by adopting a networking perspective (Prediger, Bikner-Ahsbahs, et al., 2008) on theory development.
Design research (Bakker, 2018; Cobb et al., 2003; Gravemeijer & Prediger, 2019; McKenney & Reeves, 2014). as the methodological framework for this project, guiding the collection and analysis of data, as well as the establishment of learning situations that incorporate mathematical reasoning competency, digital technologies, and the variable as a generalized number. A microworlds (Hoyles, 1993) of variable points along with task sequences were developed, aiming for students to exercise mathematical reasoning competency by investigating basic algebraic expressions and their structural implications in the dynamic behavior of variable points.
In addition to the KOM-framework, the project employs other theoretical perspectives, such as the instrumental approach to mathematics education (IAME) (Guin & Trouche, 1998) and the elaborated notion of a scheme (Vergnaud, 1998b) in relation to the scheme-technique duality (Drijvers et al., 2013), and Toulmin’s (2003) argumentation model. These perspectives are used for analyzing, describing, and explaining empirical data, particularly regarding students’ use of digital tools and their mathematical reasoning competency.
The dissertation comprises six research papers and an accompanying kappa that provides the theoretical background, methodology, additional analysis, and results. Paper 1 is a literature review that identifies potential tools within GeoGebra, a dynamic geometry and algebra environment, for student justifications of the variable as a generalized number, which informed the task design. Papers 2 through 5 analyze empirical data from students working with different tasks and the development of an analytical tool for instrumented justification. Paper 2 introduces the initial connection between the KOM and IAME frameworks, interpreted through Toulmin’s model, leading to the creation of an analytical tool. Paper 3 refines this tool, defines instrumented justification, and describes students’ justification processes using artifacts. Paper 4 focuses on the goal of student tool use within a task that is further developed, examining its potential and challenges for exercising reasoning competency. Paper 5 emphasizes the scheme aspect of the analytical tool, analyzing Vergnaud’s (1998) scheme components and elaborating on how students’ conceptual knowledge integrates into their instrumented justification processes. Paper 6 addresses the notion of foreground and background theory within the networking of theories perspective.
The dissertation contributes three design principles for task design that support students’ exercise of reasoning competency, a microworld for exploring and justifying the dynamic behavior of variable points, and associated tasks. It also elaborates on reasoning competency in students’ instrumented justification processes and the scheme-technique duality and provides suggestions for supporting these processes in the classroom and through task design. Additionally, it identifies a hybrid conception between continuous and discrete understandings of variables in predicting variable behavior within the dynamic geometry and algebra environment and suggests theoretical links between the KOM and IAME frameworks as potentials for further theoretical networking
Livet i og omkring ældreboliger: En antropologisk undersøgelse fra København
No full textDen antropologiske undersøgelse viser, hvordan ældreboligerne i Guldbergs Have opleves som en understøttende, passende og vigtig boform blandt de deltagende beboere.
Ældreboligen beskrives som en yderst vigtig ramme om hverdagslivet, og arbejdet anskueliggør, hvordan såvel individuelle boliger og organiseringen af ældreboligområdet er med til at fremme denne oplevelse. Lejlighedernes generelt gode stand gør dem eftertragtede, da de i udgangspunktet stemmer overens med de interviewede ældre menneskers forventninger til en passende bolig. Det er et sted, disse mennesker ønsker at bo i deres alderdom. Men undersøgelsen viser også, hvordan stemning og forskellige former for indtryk fra både det nære boligområde og det omkringværende lokalområde i bydelen Nørrebro i København er med til at fremme trivsel og værdsættelse af boformen. Tæthed til naboer og sundhedsprofessionelle modvirker oplevelser af isolation, ensomhed og utryghed. Når mange af deltagerne udtrykker, at ældreboligen ”betyder alt”, dækker det derfor over en taknemmelighed, der er resultat af en bolig i god stand, der er godt placeret i by og lokalområde, og som derfor opfylder deres behov, men også en taknemmelighed over i det hele taget at have et godt sted at være, bo og leve som ældre. Lejlighederne udgør hjem, der sikrer plads til såvel det fysiske, men også det følelsesmæssige og åndelige liv
Towards realization of Digital Twins for systems with coupled behavior
Full text linkManufacturing has undergone a number of revolutions, and automation including robotics and digital transformation are the core of these revolutions. Digital Twin (DT) is one of the enabling technologies to achieve digitalized optimizations. Although DT is a promising technology, it poses several challenges for its theory-to-practice transition and settlement. To this end, this PhD thesis addresses some of these existing challenges in four major areas with the aim of advancing this field and providing methods and insights for its easier adoption by practitioners.To do so, this PhD thesis combines different research methods, including descriptive, exploratory, conceptual, and applied research. It explores current challenges and proposes methods that conceptualize those challenges; as a result, it brings solutions that address existing needs. To face such needs, applied research and case study research are used to ground the conceptualizations in close-to-real-life settings.This PhD thesis focuses on four major areas. In the first area, related to tooling and considerations for realizing DTs, a systematic survey on open-source frameworks is conducted and a systematic reporting framework for DT case studies is proposed. In the second area, related to integrating simulation as a fundamental aspect of DTs, an architectural approach that bridges existing frameworks and black-box simulation is proposed. In the third area, regarding the realization of DTs for complex heterogeneous systems, a modeling approach for composed systems and an architectural approach to implement hierarchical DTs with coupled behavior are proposed. In the fourth area, regarding the application of DTs for robotics, two approaches to combine robot-specific methods with DTs are proposed.The outcomes of this PhD project improve the ease of transfer to other case studies, especially in regards to the applicability in the robotics domain, while enhancing the reusability of existing assets/components and reducing the implementation effort. Moreover, this research can increase the adoption of DT technology, especially in Small and Medium Enterprises and individuals
Idealist and Realist Aspirations for Just Peace
Full text linkThis PhD thesis analyzes the following three ethical questions: 1) When and how, if at all, is it reasonable to use military force that potentially brings suffering and destruction to land and property, body and mind? 2) How do contemporary ideologies argue for the use of military force and are their arguments reasonable? 3) How have responsible political actors argued for the use of military force in contemporary conflicts and have their arguments been reasonable? The thesis develops an ethic of military force within the framework of a global ethic of just peace. It analyzes in depth predominant ideologies and the political arguments behind the Iraq war (2003) and the intervention in Kosovo (1999). The thesis argues that just peace is a significant realist and idealist global ethical ideology, and there is no other political strategy to achieve just peace than by practicing it
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment and Food Systems: The Case Study of Agroforestry
Full text linkIn this PhD thesis, the potential environmental and net climate impacts of food from agroforestry systems (AFS) are explored using an attributional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework and a pragmatic mixed-method case study approach. The methodological complexities are addressed by systematically reviewing the literature and testing diverse modeling approaches for handling multifunctionality and estimating the carbon sequestration potential at farm gate. Overall, this thesis provides insights into how the LCA framework captures environmental interactions in AFS from a supply-side and product-level perspective, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of agroforestry’s environmental role in the global food system
Elements of Community: An Exploration of Postcolonial Heritage, Identity, and Memory in St. Croix, US Virgin Islands
Full text linkThis dissertation examines the complex dynamics of community heritage and identity on St. Croix, USVI, a former Danish colony in the Caribbean. Through four thematic case studies – water, earth, wind, and fire – this research explores how communities on St. Croix negotiate meaning through material heritage tied to Danish colonialism. By investigating the intersections of identity, heritage, and memory, this study reveals the ways in which postcolonial heritage is constructed, contested, and reconciled. The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of critical community heritage, highlighting the harmonies, tensions, ambiguities, and ambivalences inherent to diverse postcolonial communities with complex histories, and the ways in which these communities reclaim and reconfigure their cultural heritage in the face of enduring colonial legacies.
Denne afhandling undersøger den komplekse dynamik af samfundsarv og identitet på St. Croix, USVI, en tidligere dansk koloni i Caribien. Gennem fire tematiske casestudier – vand, jord, vind og ild – undersøger denne forskning, hvordan samfund på St. Croix forhandler mening gennem materiel arv knyttet til dansk kolonialisme. Ved at undersøge skæringspunkterne mellem identitet, arv og hukommelse afslører denne undersøgelse de måder, hvorpå postkolonial arv er konstrueret, anfægtet og forenet. Resultaterne af denne forskning bidrager til en dybere forståelse af kritisk samfundsarv og fremhæver de harmonier, spændinger, tvetydigheder og ambivalenser, der er iboende for forskellige postkoloniale samfund med komplekse historier, og de måder, hvorpå disse samfund genvinder og rekonfigurerer deres kulturelle arv i ansigtet. af varige koloniale arv
Where the Present Begins to Appear as Past: Mediating Contemporaneity in a Museum of the Future
No full textIn this practice-based PhD project, I explore how the concept of the contemporary can gain critical significance for the aesthetic practices that invoke it, specifically curating of contemporary art and dramaturgy in contemporary theatre. The exploration is conducted through the realization of the cross-aesthetic art exhibition and theatre performance Museum for fremtiden (2022), which I initiated and participated in in the intermediary position of curator and dramaturg as part of my research project.
Museum for fremtiden was a collaboration between the contemporary theatre Sort/Hvid (Black/White) in Copenhagen and the contemporary art institution Kunsthal Aarhus in Aarhus. To develop a format transgressing the media of art exhibition and theatre performance under the collaboration’s paradoxical title, I gathered visual artists and theatre-makers invested in questions of time and temporality in their practices. The dissertation frames Museum for fremtiden’s mediation of exhibition and performance as a bringing together of conflictual forms of temporalization. This mediation, I argue, points to a fundamental ambiguity in the exhibition of art and the staging of theatre as either representational or enactive. The dissertation proposes a dialectical and self-contradictory contemporaneity between them in dialogue with theoretical debates in aesthetic theory, literary studies, critical museology, dramaturgy, and curatorial studies.
Methodically, the PhD project builds on recent approximations between dramaturgy and curating as well as the emergence of practice-based research in the art institution. The advancement of curating as a research practice originates in the museum and has recently migrated to contemporary art institutions such as the kunsthalle and the practice of curating contemporary art. Here, curating is framed and debated as a research field under the meta-category of “the curatorial,” positioning exhibition-making in an expanded sense as a means of investigating research questions and enacting research propositions, often emphasizing the performative quality of the exhibition space. The dissertation interrogates such notions in the context of contemporary theatre and dramaturgical practice, constituting one of the research project’s sub-inquiries, as the theatre institution is not currently acknowledged as a host institution for practice-based research like contemporary art institutions are. In that regard, I compare curating to an understanding of dramaturgy as a “thinking through practice” in the context and conditions of the theatre institution, demonstrated through the process of making Museum for fremtiden.
In the dissertation, meanwhile, this thinking through practice is directed toward the con-temporary as a critical concept, attempting to approach ways in which contemporaneity can be mediated in and through the bringing together of dramaturgical and curatorial practice. In that regard, I explore––on a more speculative level––the conditions of an aesthetics that momentarily can make the present appear as past in a historical present characterized by contemporaneity. In the dissertation, I connect such an aesthetics to Sort/Hvid under the artistic direction of Christian Lollike, pursuing the explication of a poetics of historicizing the present.
As such, the research project gives occasion to a reflection on the relation between the process of making Museum for fremtiden and the idea of contemporaneity as a characterizing term for the historical present from the point of view of the implicated curator and dramaturg. I unfold this reflection in the five parts comprising the dissertation and the appendix: (1) an introduction situating the research project’s cross-institutional, intermedial, interdisciplinary, and conceptual framework; (2) a theoretical and methodological reflection, exploring different critical conceptualizations of the contemporary; (3) a journal article, investigating the potentials of curatorial research in the contemporary theatre institution; (4) a dramaturgical-curatorial analysis of the process of making and the twin iterations of Museum for fremtiden; and (5) a journal article, speculating on a method of “museum-ing,” building on dramatization. Finally, the dissertation documents the research project’s practical component of Museum for fremtiden in an appendix, comprising links to video and sound recordings, photographs from both iterations of the exhibition/performance, handouts on each artistic practice, and the exhibition catalogue, published by the press Antipyrine. Moreover, the appendix includes an English translation of my introduction to Christian Lollike’s plays in the book Underværket (The Wonder, 2022)
The Art of Dwelling
Full text linkThe dissertation advances a contemporary thinking of dwelling referred to as the art of dwelling based on a thematic reading of the concept of dwelling in Martin Heidegger’s late works. The investigation is informed by Heidegger’s 1962 journey to Greece and his resulting travel book, Aufenthalte (Sojourns). These serve as a structuring prism for exploring Heidegger’s late reflections on place and experience, which come to a head in the encounter with the ancient Greek artifacts and landscape.The study opens with an investigation of the concept of dwelling [wohnen] understood as a composite term (in chapter 1). In order to appreciate the full experiential activity of dwelling, the conventional notion of wohnen is expanded to incorporate Heidegger’s notions of verweilen and aufhalten, so that the spatial [wohnen], the temporal [weilen], and the experiential [aufhalten] aspects of the term all come to the fore in a thematic reading of Sojourns and other late writings of Heidegger. Reflected in Sojourns is also an overarching discussion of homelessness and dwelling, as well as an examination of Heidegger’s thinking of technology and the history of being as conditions for the inquiry (in chapter 2).The exposition of dwelling as a composite term has implications for the notion of place. Following an examination of how dwelling presupposes a sense of place and an ontology of atmosphere in Sojourns and in the late Heidegger more generally (in chapter 3), the study brings these intertwining concepts into conversation with contemporary perspectives. What emerges from Heidegger’s findings in Sojourns on the sense of place, and his thinking on sculpture (in chapter 5) in terms of spatiality and dwelling, is the key concept of receptivity in relation to dwelling. In this way, Heidegger’s thinking on place is brought into conversation with contemporary modern art and literature, motivating a reappropriation of the notion of place.Following these lines of development, the study advances a contemporary thinking of dwelling referred to as the art of dwelling (in chapter 6) as a mode of being in the world. The study finds renewed potential for a thinking of place, atmosphere, and embodied experience today by calling attention to the activity of the Aufenthalt and the concept of atmosphere reflected in dwelling as a sensitivity toward the singularity of the world