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Potencjał konkurencyjności chińskich firm sektora Internetu
Get PDFChinese Internet sector competitivenessChinese Internet sector companies have capabilities to create innovation that will shape internal market, and could have significant impact on global competition. These capabilities are based on several important factors. Probably the most important of these factors is huge capacity and dynamic growth of the internal market. Companies located in smaller countries do not have such possibilities of growth, because their internal markets do not have sufficient capacity. Chinese Internet software developers can grow on internal market to the size that gives them possibility to compete with global corporations and expand to international markets. Second most important factor of Chinese Internet sector competitiveness is of thousands of computer science graduates that enter Chinese labor market every year. Wages of software engineers in China are much lower than in western countries, so Chinese software developers have considerable cost advantage over their global competitors. Third factor of Chinese Internet software developers competitiveness is the support of government that is successfully using censorship laws to exclude foreign competition from local market. All those factors make Chinese Internet companies highly competitive and enable them to enter international markets. Case studies of Alibaba, Tencent and Baidu prove that Chinese companies can not only dominate local market, but also successfully compete with global corporations
卜弥格与南明王朝文献考辨
Get PDFProbing into the relations between Michael Boym and South Ming courtMichael Boym (1612–1659), born in the noble and court’s doctor family in Poland, as a missionary who came to China, occupies quiet an important position in Sino-European relations. Although scholars have done some research on the relations between Michael Boym and South Ming court, and achieved some progress on the knowledge about Mr Boym but no breakthrough. Based on original literature from Jesuits Archive in Rome and Boym’s own scientific achievements presented by Poland scholar Edward Kajdański in the book The Ambassador of The Middle Kingdom, this paper attempts to deepen the research on relations between Michael Boym and South Ming court
Memory and Transitional Justice: Toward a New Platform for Cultural Heritage in Post-War Cyprus
Get PDFThis paper deals with two issues often dismissed when assessing cultural expressions during conflict and post-conflict situations. The first concerns the memories of victims and perpetrators as a resource for cultural heritage identification. The second involves the limitations on institutions trying to incorporate cultural issues into processes and discussions that are mainly political. This dichotomy is also reflected in the UNESCO doctrine. On the one hand, the official narratives endorsed by UNESCO and its Member States dismiss memories (some of which include recollections of conflict) that do not complement or support adopted national narratives. At the same time, UNESCO only honours and recognizes political agreements and actors which are seen as unquestionable and uncontested. Using the specific case of Cyprus, I propose an alternative lens through which to view cultural heritage in conflict and post-conflict areas and situations. In particular, I argue that Transnational Justice offers an effective platform to redress cultural heritage. At the same time I address the two limitations mentioned above
Culture Genocide in Tibet: The Failure of Article 8 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples’ in Protecting the Cultural Rights of Tibetans
Get PDFThe importance of culture has been present in the international human rights field since the compilation of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), but its prominence re-emerged in the 1990s following the surge of indigenous peoples’ movements. For the attainment of peace and stability, the right to culture needs to be encouraged and “cultural genocide”, the non-physical destruction of an ethnic group, should be punished. International human-rights frameworks, in particular Article 8 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP),have attempted to protect such groups and their cultural identity. Despite these developments, cultural rights are the least developed and understood category of human rights, largely with regards to their enforceability, legal understanding, and scope. The granting of cultural rights to minority groups or indigenous people furthermore remains a contested and controversial subject, and one full of complexity. Though it is incorporated in human rights legislation, there exists a lack of understanding about how it works in tandem with other human rights categories. The occupation of China in Tibet has embodied a destructive colonialism that is denying the Tibetan people the freedom to exercise their fundamental cultural rights. Robert Badinter described the disappearance of Tibetan culture as cultural genocide in 1989,5 a stance that has since been adopted by those challenging China’s rule in Tibet. By exploring Article 8 of the UNDRIP and the importance of cultural identity to the Tibetan people, this paper explores how China’s nationalist policies are in breach of Article 8 and, consequently, China is carrying out cultural genocide in Tibet. In concluding, the essay examines how China’s refusal to recognise Tibetans as indigenous leaves them at an impasse, as protection offered by the frameworks is compromised by other factors
Radioodbiornik – towarzysz codzienności. O „morning show” w ujęciu diachronicznym
Get PDFRadio as partner in everyday life. About morning show in the diachronic approachMorning show, understood as a specific radio megagenre, since its dawn has tried to inscribe in the listeners’ environment of life by adjusting to the rhythm of their day but also by shaping their daily routines. This article analyses the origins of the identity of this type of programmes which date back to the times of the Golden Age of the American radio broadcasting. On the background of technological, economic and social conditioning of the era, it shows their historical changes in the years 1920-1950 of the XX c. However, the description of this evolution – from the morning shows with the underspecified “anatomy” and vague existence in the ether to the preforms such as participation programs – may be treated as a prelude to the understanding of the tendencies that determine the existence of the contemporary sequential broadcasts that are transmitted by radio at dawn
Audytywna reklama wyborcza – przeżytek czy konieczność?
Get PDFAuditory election advertising – relic or necessity?In light of the selection criteria for the media for broadcasting advertisements, radio satisfies only some of them. These include: the possibility of repeating the message, low unit cost of the opportunity to hear the message or the mood in which the message is received. These criteria seem especially created for the radio as an advertising medium, including election advertisements. On the other hand, the radio satisfies the following criteria only to a negligible extent: probability that the message will be noticed or duration of the product life cycle. The satisfaction of the remaining criteria largely depends on the character of a radio station. Nevertheless, it seems that the advantages of auditory (radio) election advertising and the radio itself as its medium defend it against its total elimination from the tools of political communication during election campaigns. Auditory (radio) advertising will never again be the principal medium but rather one that will accompany other campaign activities. Yet it is still so significant that few will deliberately give it up
Koopetycja nowomedialna: między odbiorcą-twórcą a organizacją
Get PDFNew media coopetition: between consumer-creator and organization The purpose of this article is to suggest a concept of “new media coopetition” – a comprehensive relationship between active media users and media companies as well as between the companies themselves. Co-creation of media contents by the users is a strategic challenge for media companies. Users who create texts, films or music recordings become competitors to the professional authors. Not only are users recipients and creators at the same time, but they are also competitors to media organizations. Coopetition is a strategy bringing benefits to the parties involved by making them simultaneously compete and cooperate with the competitors (users). While in the traditional version coopetition only concerns relationship between the organizations, I propose that it embraces the form of “new media coopetition”, which would also take the relationship between users and media organizations into account
The problem of leadership in the light of human nature and functioning of society – Ukrainian perspective
Get PDFThe topic of leadership in management gained much interest in the last decade. This was facilitated by several factors: first, attempts to understand the essence of leadership structure; secondly, the further democratization of entrepreneurship and business; third, characteristics of leadership in various ethno-cultural environment; fourth, a number of socio-political disturbances aimed at changing the government in some countries and so on.The authors sought to regard the problem of leadership in Ukraine in the light of theoretical considerations of Western scholars, as well as analysis of the modern experience of formation and effective functioning of successful societies.The attention is concentrated on the three-level structure of leadership that allows to be more aware of the peculiarities of different management structures
Motives for consumption among Polish young consumers
Get PDFThe study contains the results of research carried out among a homogenous group of young consumers – high school students. The studies sought to determine the motives of consumption in the examined group of men and women when making purchasing decisions. Their implementation required the use of the Scale of Motives of Consumption by Poraj-Weder and Maison. The tool diagnoses five types of motives of consumption. These include: status/distinction, control, affiliation, reward, value. The studies described are a pilot research. The research group consists of high school students of both sexes at the age of 18 years, living in the city of Radom and other surrounding smaller towns and villages
Komentarz na temat kryteriów i trybu oceny czasopism naukowych przedstawionych w Projekcie z dnia 6 czerwca 2016 r. „Rozporządzenia Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego z dnia … 2016 r. w sprawie przyznawania kategorii naukowej jednostkom naukowym” oraz
Get PDFThe article discusses the criteria and procedure for the parametric evaluation of scientific journals according to the Bill of 6 June 2016 of the “Directive of the Minister of Science and Higher Education, Republic of Poland, dated … 2016 concerning the process of granting academic categories to scientific institutions”. It indicates serious legislative flaws as well as flaws concerning the science of science (including bibliometrics) in the Bill and proposes significant amendments to the provisions of this Directive. It indicates serious flaws of this Bill regarding legislation, the science of science (including bibliometrics), and proposes significant amendments to the content of the provisions of this Directive.Artykuł omawia kryteria i tryb oceny parametrycznej czasopism naukowych według Projektu z dnia 6 czerwca 2016 r. „Rozporządzenia Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego z dnia … 2016 r. w sprawie przyznawania kategorii naukowej jednostkom naukowym”, wskazuje poważne wady natury legislacyjnej i naukoznawczej (w tym bibliometrycznej) tego projektu oraz postuluje istotną nowelizację treści przepisów tego rozporządzenia