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Prawosławie, czyli poszukiwanie własnej tożsamości przez mniejszość eklezjalną na terenach Czechosłowacji
Get PDFOrthodoxy, or searching for identity by a church minority in CzechoslovakiaIn the 20th century, in the Czechoslovak territory the Orthodox constituted a variously numerous minority. The number of adherents depended, among others, on the shifting state borders. However, the geopolitical changes were not the only factor of influence, both in the identity construction and the way of its presentation. As for historical factors, there were also population flows (different types of migration), as for canonical factors, the changes in jurisdiction, and as for theological ones, mainly the bonds with particular centres of the Orthodox Church worldwide, the relation to the past and self-demarcation vis-à-vis the majority Catholic Church. The aim of this article is to attempt to systematize these factors
Cross-Entropy Based Image Thresholding
Get PDFThis paper presents a novel global thresholding algorithm for the binarization of documents and gray-scale images using Cross-Entropy Clustering. In the first step, a gray-level histogram is constructed, and the Gaussian densities are fitted. The thresholds are then determined as the cross-points of the Gaussian densities. This approach automatically detects the number of components (the upper limit of Gaussian densities is required)
China’s automobile industry: development, policies, internationalization
Get PDFThe automotive industry in China seems to be bound for success taking into consideration huge domestic market and the support provided by the government. The policies introduced by the Chinese authorities show their understanding of the importance of the automotive industry for the growth of the whole economy. We should expect from Chinese authorities and companies intensified efforts aiming to improve quality and safety of the domestically produced cars as well as increased works towards brand building. The latter is significant barrier to sales domestically where Chinese firms compete with well-established global brands that are favored by Chinese consumers but also in developed markets and higher market segments
Obraz Chin we współczesnej twórczości księdza-poety Wiesława Rodzewicza (wykład wygłoszony z okazji jubileuszu prof. Yi Lijun, Pekiński Uniwersytet Języków Obcych, 6 grudnia 2014 r.)
Get PDFThe image of China in the contemporary works of the priest-poet Wieslaw Rodzewicz (lecture delivered on the occasion of the jubilee of Professor Yi Lijun, Beijing Foreign Studies University, 6 December 2014)In the article the Author makes the interpretation of a book of poetry of priest Wieslaw Rodzewicz entitled Impressions from the very Far East. The volume is the reaction of priest-poet to his two-week trip to China in February 2005. The poet expresses his impressions on exploring this fascinating and unknown, very distant country. The Author of the article highlights both the fascination and respect for foreign culture which the priest-poet expressed in his poems, as well as a longing for familiarity, Polish culture and customs. In the Author’s view, the volume is one of the ways of bringing China closer to us. The immensity and the relevance of insights that priest Rodzewicz concluded in his poems is impressive
Jedwabne Szlaki i inżynier Kazimierz Grochowski
Get PDFThe Silk Roads and engineer Kazimierz GrochowskiThe term “Silk Roads” (in its plural form) was fi rst used in the European geographical literature in 1887 by the German geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen. “Silk Road” (in its singular form) became popular in the world after the publication of Sven Hedin’s book entitled Sidenvägen, in Stockholm in 1936 (Die Seidenstrasse in its German Leipzig edition of 1936). The singular form, the Silk Road is commonly used to designate what Richhofen meant. In fact the plural form is more correct and reflects more precisely what the transcontinental travel and communication network really was. Kazimierz Grochowski (1873–1937), carried over his excavations in several sand-buried cities of Mongolia, Urianghai (today’s Tuva) and Manchuria. Grochowski was convinced that even at the site of the newly built Harbin city, in the past there was an important trade crossing (Mongolian name Halabin meant “river passage”) on the route from the West to the East and vice-versa. Grochowski was one of the creators of an international Manchuria Research Society, being for many years the chief manager of its geological and archeological sections. Grochowski was one of a few European researchers who had made archeological excavations in the sand-buried cities of Bohayans, Kithans and Jurchens which were in those times responsible for the transient grassland silk roads, thus benefiting from their existence and development
The Semantic Fields of German Loanwords in Polish
Get PDFThis study is dedicated to the relationship between lexical meaning and lexical borrowing. It presents an analysis of the semantic fields of all documented German loanwords in the history of Polish written/standard language, following a classification scheme which was originally used for typological comparison (Haspelmath and Tadmor 2009c). Firstly, the results are compared to a hierarchy of borrowing probability which was developed on the basis of typological studies (Tadmor 2009). The apparent differences to that hierarchy underline the need for both onomasiological and semasiological approaches in studying the connection between meaning and borrowing. Secondly, the results are compared to impressionistic judgments on the semantic fields of German loanwords in Polish. Although most of the traditionally mentioned semantic fields are well attested, there are other prominent fields as well, which shows that German loanwords are not limited to specialized terms of professional fields. The analysis is furthermore divided depending on: a) the time period and b) how well the loanwords are documented. It will be demonstrated that some semantic fields are typical for certain time periods while the contribution of other fields remains stable. Some semantic fields have a high quantity of poorly documented loanwords, suggesting that some fields are prone to extensive, but less intensive language contact
„Da wär’s halt gut, wenn man Englisch könnt!“ Robert Gilbert, Hermann Leopoldi i rola języków między wygnaniem a powrotem
Get PDFRobert Gilbert (b. Robert David Winterfeld, 1899–1978) was one of Germany’s most successful writers of popular songs, many of them made famous by operettas and movies in the late years of the Weimar Republic (Ein Freund, ein guter Freund; Liebling, mein Herz läßt Dich grüßen; Was kann der Sigismund dafür?). In 1933, Gilbert emigrated to Vienna and later moved on to Paris, 1938, and New York, 1939. After his return to Europe in 1951, Gilbert started a second, again very successful, career as translator of American Musical Comedies, from My Fair Lady (1951) via Oklahoma or Annie Get Your Gun to Cabaret (1970). During his years in New York, he had acquired the English language he needed for this new activity. Recently discovered documents – manuscripts donated to the Vienna City Library by the Leopoldi family – give an insight into the translatory workshop and into the conditions of exile: Gilbert, together with the piano artist Hermann Leopoldi (1888–1959), produced a large number of songs, many of which were written in a mixture of German and English, with language (problems) as their subject. This paper traces Gilbert’s life and work, his translations and his thoughts on translation. The discussion focuses on the role of returning exiles as mediating agents and cultural translators between American (popular) culture and post-War Germany and Austria
Święty socjalistycznej Palestyny: Józef Chaim Brenner po polsku
Get PDFThis article analyses the Polish translation of Yosef Haim Brenner’s short story The Way Out, carried out by Polish Zionist Józef Szofman and published in 1925 in Warsaw. It discusses the story’s origin and its reception, especially its writer’s status and his work with the Zionist discourse and imagery. Referring to interwar Polish-Jewish press, the article points to Szofman’s role in creating a mythological narrative about Brenner in the local Jewish milieus. The analysis of Szofman’s translation strategies raises the question about the intentions of the translator and the premises of his work
Indywidualizacja oferty dla konsumentów dzięki zastosowaniu big data
Get PDFUsing big data to customize the offer for customers The development of modern technologies used in the analysis of customer information allows not only for the collection of past data on buyers’ preferences, but also makes it possible to analyse consumer behaviour on the Internet, online payments, social media and other real-time sources. The aim of the paper is to present the possibilities of using big data in the process of customizing the offer in the context of buyer behaviour. The paper analyses the process of collecting and processing data for the purposes of customizing the offer and identifies practical examples of using big data in the international business practice. It has been stated that the ability to meet the individual needs of buyers has become the basis of modern competitiveness. The real-time acquisition of non-structural data and the ability to analyse it are a condition of successful operation for businesses in technologically developed economies. To build market position, companies need to use big data analysis capabilities, anticipating future customer behaviour and customize not only the product but also all the components of the marketing mix
Depoetize the Universe. Manifestoes of Romanian Surrealism
Get PDFThe main aim of my article is to investigate, or simply to highlight the evolution of the twofold character of Surrealism-influenced, and later Surrealist, manifestos in three consecutive stages of the avant-garde movement in Romania. I apply the notion of the avant-garde manifesto developped by Benedikt Hjartarson in his essay “Myths of Rupture. The Manifesto and the Concept of Avant-Garde”, with the aim of taking a closer look at the anti-Surrealist Romanian manifestos of the mid-twenties, pre-Surrealist texts of the thirties, and the proper phase of the newly-established Romanian Surrealist Group’s discoveries in the forties