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Wpływ wielkich mocarstw na strukturę i kompetencje międzynarodowej organizacji humanitarnej - United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration – UNRRA
Full text linkThe Impact of Great Powers on the Structure and Competences of the International Humanitarian Organisation the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)UNRRA – United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, whose achievements are not sufficiently reflected in the historiography of the post-war period, is an interesting object of research for many reasons. In this article, we have attempted to show the mechanisms which great powers resorted to in order to secure a dominant position not just in terms of prerogatives but also administrative structure. The main task of the UNRRA was to offer aid needed for the economic and moral reconstruction of the countries occupied by the Axis. This was a massive challenge in logistical and theoretical terms. An efficiently functioning aid organisation could serve not just peace building on humanitarian foundations but also be a test for the paradigm of the United Nations the founding of which it preceded. And it was for just those reasons that many countries expressed apprehension as to the US dominance visible in the negotiations while realising that humanitarian assistance without taking account of the economic potential of that power would have been doomed to fail
The Constitutional and Legal Basis of the Decision-Making Processes Applied by Public Administration Bodies in the Slovak Republic
Full text linkThe subject-matter of the article is the identification and analysis of the constitutional foundations of the legal provisions regulating the administrative procedure of public administration bodies in the Slovak Republic and analysis of decisions made by the Slovak Constitutional Court and Supreme Court. The administrative procedure represents an immanent process in which state and public administration bodies make decisions on rights, legitimate interests as well as obligations and duties in the field of state and public administration. The author aims to identify the most important provisions of the Slovak Constitution and to demonstrate their significance for the decision-making activities of domestic public administration bodies and at the same time to find out if the constitutional and legal basis is sufficient enough to make amendments regarding the decision-making processes of Slovak public administration bodies. The author's research hypothesis, resting on an enquiry to identify if the constitutional amendment is satisfactory and acceptable, is followed by an investigation of mutual relations between the current state of our society and its conditions being in a state of its rapid development and the contents of the constitutional amendment. It is argued that the Constitution as the basic piece of legislation must be adopted with accepted text so that potential changes would not entail having to change the Constitution
Implementacja europejskiego pakietu legislacyjnego w sprawie ADR i ODR w sporach konsumenckich do polskiego porządku prawnego
Full text linkThe Implementation of the EU Legislative Package Concerning ADR and ODR in Consumer Disputes into the Polish Legal OrderThe present article aims to discuss the objectives of Directive 2013/11/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive 2009/22/EC (Directive on consumer ADR) and Regulation (EU) No 524/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on online dispute resolution for consumer disputes and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive 2009/22/EC (Regulation on consumer ODR), with a particular focus on their impact on Polish legal system. The contribution is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the basic principles of the Directive on consumer ADR and the Regulation on consumer ODR while the second part oers an analysis of the legal consequences of the implementation of the Directive on consumer ADR in the Polish legal system, in particular its impact on public authorities. Strengths and weaknesses of the system are identied and based on their impact it is possible to formulate some de lege ferenda propositions
Public Consultations as a Vital Aspect of Effective Cooperation Between the Government and Civic Organisations in Ukraine
Full text linkThe article revolves around the genesis and current state of development of the institution of public consultations in Ukraine. It outlines a range of negative factors resulting in the low efficiency of public consultations and determines priority directions in the development of public consultations. Additionally, the article emphasises the necessity of taking complex legal and organisational steps aimed to promote public participation in policy-making processes
Legitymacja skargowa w postępowaniu sądowoadministracyjnym jako element wpływający na efektywność podejmowania decyzji w administracji publicznej
Full text linkThe Complaint-Filing Right in Administrative Court Proceedings as an Aspect Influencing Decision-Making Eficiency in Public AdministrationAn overall assessment of the current system of the authorisation to file a complaint have led to the conclusion that a sheer number of regulations and the level of their complexity prevent it from being transparent enough to support eficiency in public administration. An optimal level of knowledge as regards who, when and on what conditions can file a complaint will be helpful in the decision-making applied by public administration oficials. Therefore, this article aims to provide the readers with a summary of doctrine views and court judgements as well as analysis of the complaint-filing right. It is hoped that this contribution considerably helps improve decision-making eficiency in public administration.The first chapter of the article focuses on one of most popular authorisations to file a complaint, often described as a universal complaint-filing right. The second chapter includes analysis of the authorisation to file a complaint in someone else’s case. Subsections describe complaint-filing authorisation for prosecutors, the Ombudsman, the Children’s Ombudsman and social organisations. The third chapter provides a description of the authorisation to file a complaint introduced by local-government acts. Its individual subsections examine the authorisation to file a complaint under local-government resolutions and under the act on the supervision of local-government units. The last chapter reviews the complaint-filing right in other lex specialis acts in relation to the Administrative Court Proceedings Act
Pochwała Roberta Foxa
Full text linkThe 20th Alexandre Koyré Medal awarded since 1968 to prominent historians of science was awarded to Robert Fox, leading historian of European science of the period from the 18th to the beginnings of the 20th century. The Medal was presented to Robert Fox during the 7th International Conference of the European Society for the History of Science, Prague, 23 September 2016, and the Éloge describes his career and work.Medal Alexandre’a Koyrego jest przyznawany od 1968 r. wybitnym historykom nauki. Dwudziesty medal trafił do Roberta Foxa, czołowego historyka europejskiej nauki z okresu od XVIII do początków XX wieku. Wręczono go 23 września 2016 roku w Pradze podczas VII Międzynarodowej Konferencji Europejskiego Towarzystwa Historii Nauki. W Pochwale przedstawiono opis kariery i pracy Laureata
Instytuty państwowe i Czechosłowacka Akademia Nauk, 1948–1953
Full text linkState institutes started emerging shortly after the establishment of the first Czechoslovak Republic (1918) in the form of institutions affiliated to the Ministry of Schools and National Education. They were independent scientific institutions receiving regular state subsidies and their scientific focus and budgets were approved by the state.The State Institute of Archaeology and the National Institute for Folk Songs were founded in 1919.We may already follow the activities of the Institute of Oriental Studies and the Institute of Slavic Studies in the early 1920s. – even though they reached full efficiency only in 1928.The paper shows the organizational and personal transformation of these institutions, in particular from 1948 until 1952 or 1953, when they “voluntarily” became part of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. The incorporation of state institutes into the Academy of Sciences thus gives a clearer picture of the centralization of sciences in the 1950s, arranged according to the Soviet model.Instytuty państwowe zaczęły powstawać wkrótce po utworzeniu pierwszej Republiki Czechosłowackiej (1918) w formie instytucji powiązanych z Ministerstwem Szkół i Edukacji Narodowej. Były niezależnymi instytucjami naukowymi otrzymującymi regularne subwencje państwowe, a ich naukowa działalność i budżety były zatwierdzane przez państwo.Państwowy Instytut Archeologii i Narodowy Instytut Pieśni Ludowych powstały w 1919 r.Możemy śledzić działania Instytutu Studiów Wschodnich i Instytutu Studiów Slawistycznych już od wczesnych lat dwudziestych, choć osiągnęły one pełną sprawność dopiero w 1928 r.W artykule przedstawiono transformację organizacyjną i kadrową tych instytucji, zwłaszcza od 1948 do 1952 lub 1953 r., kiedy to „dobrowolnie” stały się częściami Czechosłowackiej Akademii Nauk. Na przykładzie włączenia instytutów państwowych do Akademii Nauk ukazano na czym polegała centralizacja nauk w latach pięćdziesiątych, organizowana według modelu radzieckiego
Dyskusja z profesorem Robertem Foxem o historiografii nauki i techniki
Full text linkThe article is an extended discussion with a laureate of numerous international distinctions, Professor Robert Fox, about his career, intellectual fascinations, as well as changing methods, styles, approaches and themes in the historiography of science and technology.Artykuł przedstawia obszerną dyskusję z laureatem licznych międzynarodowych wyróżnień, profesorem Robertem Foxem, o jego karierze, fascynacjach intelektualnych, a także o zmianie metod, stylów, podejść i tematów w historiografii nauki i techniki
Optical transformation and recording of anamorphic images
Full text linkThe work presented here is a continuation of the earlier discussion undertaken by the author on the definition of geometric transformation and principles of creation and graphical representation of anamorphic images [3]. A specific method based on optics has been used to explain the method of creating complex geometrical anamorphic images with the inclusion of those parts of images that usually cover difficult deformations. The ideal scheme for an optical device which can be used for generating transformations of real life images into anamorphic images for this type of reflective anamorphic transformations has been developed. The validity and correctness of the geometrical and optical analysis of this type of transformation have been demonstrated in practice. A prototype of an optical device has been developed and used for the realization of this type of transformation and called the “Anamorphot”. The image created using the Anamorphot proves validity of the theory of creation of anamorphic images as presented in earlier publications
Context-Driven Meta-Modeling framework (CDMM-F) ‒ context role
Full text linkThis paper introduces an implementation of the Context-Driven Meta-Modeling Paradigm (CDMM-P). This implementation is the proof of concept for the CDMM-P as it shows that the idea of the CDMM-P is feasible. The software system presented here takes the form of the Context-Driven Meta-Modeling Framework (CDMM-F). This framework plays the key role in the Context-Driven Meta-Modeling Technology (CDMM-T) dedicated to generating software system artifacts in a model-driven manner. In contrast to all contemporary approaches to meta-modeling, the meta-model is dynamically loaded from the application context file. In result, the framework has a self-organizing structure and the modeling language does not have a fixed hardcoded predefined structure. This structure, as well as the set of meta-model elements, plays the role of the parameter for the general modeling tool, a part of which is presented in this paper