Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka: UTeM Open Journal System
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Histogram Equalization with Filtering Techniques for Enhancement of Low Quality Microscopic Blood Smear Images
Get PDFThis paper presents image enhancement and filtering techniques for microscope blood smear image, in order to improve low image quality that have characteristics: blurred, the diminished true color of objects which are cells , unclear boundary and low contrast between the cells and background. Therefore in this paper proposed histogram equalization (HE) technique followed with filtering techniques such as median filter. HE utilizing to adjust the contrast which based on intensity pixels values, hence able to measure image quality through image histogram as shown in results, while removing noise from the images using filtering and gamma correction parameter in order to distinguish between background and foreground (cells) to get clear borders also. These techniques have been implemented on 46 blood samples. The proposed method successfully improve the readability of the cells in the low quality of blood smear images this mean that contain more information with a good effectiveness which lead for the correct sickness detection and data analysis
Evaluation of Light Distribution and the Penetration Depth under Isometric Studies using fNIRS
Get PDFFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been widely used to solve the propagation of light inside the tissues and to quantify the oxygenation level of hemoglobin and myoglobin in human muscle. Penetration depth is one of the highlighted optical properties in this instrument in order to make sure light can be penetrated into deep human tissue layers. In this paper, our ultimate aim is to measure the penetration depth of muscle under different oxygenation states of isometric assessment in human using fNIRS. 27 sedentary healthy volunteers participated in this study. The result showed that, after all assessments, the mean signal of 3.0 and 4.0 cm distance of penetration depth showed more significant value detection (p≤0.05) measured by fNIRS. In addition, deoxygenated (p=0.031) show more significant in gender analysis compare to the oxygenated and total of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Thus, this result may help us to prove that our human muscle is transparent to this near infrared region and might be a useful tool for detecting oxygen status in muscle from living people either athletes or working people
Low-Resolution Image Enhancement Assessment
Get PDFThis study aims to address the problem with unrecognisable subject of low-quality images taken from standard resolution web cameras. These images may contain pixelated details, too much noise, and imbalance brightness and contrast. The authors used three algorithms such as Fuzzy Filter Based on Fuzzy Logic for noise reduction, Image Illumination based on Tone Mapping for uneven illumination and Super Resolution Algorithm to reconstruct the facial features of the low-resolution images. After undergoing experiment, results showed that the most acceptable filtering technique among three algorithms is Filtering Fuzzy Filter Based on Fuzzy Logic, Image Illumination Correction based on Tone Mapping for image illumination and with .60-.15-.15 Face Hallucination Super Resolution Parameter significantly improved the quality of face images taken from a low-resolution web camera. Also, results showed that high-resolution versions of low-resolution inputs significantly helped the reconstruction of facial features of low-resolution inputs. 86.67% improvement was recorded from the test images after the processing of images. Thus, the authors concluded that using the combination significantly improved the unprocessed images
Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Fault Currents: Evaluation to Enhance the Performance of 220KV Grid Station
Get PDFThe studies of the electrical system need to assess the output of the power system at development phase as well as daily situations. This paper presents fault current study of a 220KV grid station at the standard of IEC 60909 and IEC 61363. In order to support the power system, fault current study can be done at design & development phase to conclude the system design, determine voltage magnitude, shielding apparatus, circuit breakers, conductor length, step up and step-down power equipment and solid grounding. A grid station is simulated using real system facts and Figures in the ETAP software and fault current analysis is executed at different voltage levels. With the help of results achieved from the simulations, it is likely to assess the dynamic pressure yield to the equipment of the power system in the existence of faults. However, evaluation of installed apparatus in the situation of power system enhancement that can significantly influence the fault current level. The study shows the significance of the symmetrical and asymmetrical fault currents investigation for the description of the apparatus rating, which must upkeep these currents
Energy Optimized Cluster Based Heterogeneous Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network
Get PDFThe technological advancements in sensing technology has made it possible to produce small sized sensors, which can monitor the surroundings and report at the base station through data transmission. The wireless nature of sensor network has proliferated the requirement for effective utilization of the battery of sensor node. It is due to the fact that once the battery of sensor node is exhausted, a node is said to be dead. Considering the prospect of energy conservation, an energy-optimized cluster based on heterogeneous routing (EOCHR) protocol is proposed. The selection of Cluster heads (CHs) in the clustering process adopted for routing among the sensor nodes is improved by introducing the node density along with energy and distance. The circular radius as defined in DRESEP and SEECP protocol is defined on the basis of the average distance of nodes from the sink. It reduces the energy consumption incurred by the far placed CHs. Simulation results show that the proposed EOCHR outperforms the DRESEP and SEECP protocol by enhancing the stability period by 31% and 166% respectively and the network lifetime by 440% and 158% respectively. It is highly suitable for large area networks due to dual hop communication in the network
Wearable Device for Malaysian Ringgit Banknotes Recognition Based on Embedded Decision Tree Classifier
Get PDFThe purpose of this project is to develop a wearable Malaysian Ringgit banknotes recognition device for assisting the visually impaired people to recognize the value of Malaysian banknotes. In this project, the RGB values in six different classes of the banknotes (MYR 1, MYR 5, MYR 10, MYR 20, MYR 50 and MYR 100) were taken at 12 different points (6 upside, 6 downside) using colour sensor (TCS 34725) before three features called RB, RG, and GB were extracted from the RGB values. After that, these features are used to model the embedded Decision Tree Classifier (DTC) in Matlab for recognizing each classes of banknote. Cross validation with 10- fold was used to select the optimize DTC which is based on the smallest cross validation loss. The performance of optimize DTC model is presented in confusion matrix and compared with Naïve Bayesian and k-Nearest Neighbour classifier before this model is implemented in Lilypad Arduino. The performance of the device in term of accuracy is evaluated by asking 10 subjects to use the device. Result shows that the proposed embedded optimize DTC model managed to achieve 84.7% accuracy which outperforms other classifier. In conclusion, proposed device is successfully developed and it should be possible, therefore, to integrate other features (instead of colour) in recognizing the ringgit banknote
Trust Requirements in E-Health System: A Conceptual Framework
Get PDFResulting from the development of new technology, conventional scientific practices have migrated into computer-based infrastructures, called e-science. Specifically, escience applied in health discipline is called e-health. It is an organized system that deals to diagnose and treat patients. Considering trust is an important role and fundamental for the provision of effective healthcare service, this paper discusses trust requirement in e-health. To highlight the importance of trust in e-health system, a conceptual framework of trust requirements in e-health system is developed. Drawn from literature search framed by STARLITE, a conceptual framework that addresses trust resulting from relationships of various actors based on two perspectives: sociotechnical and technical perspectives are presented. This framework suggests that e-health system must build a trust relationship between actors and understand trust based on sociotechnical and technical perspectives. Further, security and privacy that protect the confidentiality of patient’s data, especially m-health (mobile health) also need trust in resource sharing. It can be concluded that trust requirements in e-health depend on how the media transmits a social experience, patient-system relationship, and collaboration of software engineering and healthcare professionals. The implementation of trust requirements has the potential to produce well-engineered software in a healthcare organization, resulting in the use of software for effective diagnosis and treatment of patients
The Effect of Median Based Estimators on CUSUM Chart
Get PDFCumulative Sum (CUSUM) chart has been used extensively to monitor mean shifts. It is highly sought after by practitioners and researchers in many areas of quality control due to its sensitivity in detecting small to moderate shifts. Normality assumption governs its ability to monitor the process mean. When the assumption is violated, CUSUM chart typically loses its practical use. As normality is hard to achieve in practice, the usual CUSUM chart is often substituted with robust charts. This is to provide more accurate results under slight deviation from normality. Thus, in this paper, we investigate the impact of using robust location estimators, namely, median and Hodges-Lehmann on CUSUM performance. By pairing the location estimators with a robust scale estimator known as median absolute deviation about the median (MADn), a duo median based CUSUM chart is attained. The performances of both charts are studied under normality and contaminated normal distribution and evaluated using the average run length (ARL). While demonstrating an average power to detect the outof-control situations, the in-control performances of both charts remain unaffected in the presence of outliers. This could very well be advantageous when the proposed charts are tested on a real data set in the future. A case in point is when the statistical tool is used to monitor changes in clinical variables for the health care outcomes. By minimising the false positives, a sound judgement can be made for any clinical decision
FBG-Based Filtering Optical Clock and Data Recovery Enhancement for Optical Access Networks
Get PDFData transmission using optical fiber can be affected by nonlinear effects, dispersion, and crosstalk. These effects are causing the optical signal to be degraded. Optical clock and data recovery are necessary to synchronize and regenerate the affected signal and consequently achieving a good BER value. In this paper, a system with optical clock and data recovery function using FBG and FP-FBG filter technique is tested and analyzed using OptiSystem software. Eye diagram for both configurations is observed. Some parameters are also being manipulated such as the data rate and transmission distance to compare both FBG filtering effect. Clock data recovery signal with FBG filtering shows better performance compare to FP-FBG filtering at 10 Gbps
The Determinant Factors Affecting Cloud Computing Adoption by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Sabah, Malaysia
Get PDFCloud computing offers organisations many benefits such as low entry costs, enhanced flexibility, ubiquitous access, and scalability. Despite its attractiveness and benefits, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are still hesitant to adopt cloud computing services. This study used the Technology Organisation Environment (TOE) framework to identify the determinant factors affecting the adoption of cloud computing by SMEs in Sabah, Malaysia. Survey questionnaires collected data from 170 SMEs across all sectors within the region. A total of six factors were verified in this research. The results indicated that cost saving, top management support and technology readiness are the main factors affecting the adoption of cloud computing by SMEs in Sabah. However, other three factors; relative advantage, competitive pressure, and external support did not affect the adoption of cloud computing for these organisations. This finding could provide insight and clarity of information for the SMEs’ decision and policymakers in various sectors. It also provides understanding on the different influencing factors that affect SMEs’ perceptions of the importance of adopting cloud computing