Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka: UTeM Open Journal System
Not a member yet
2735 research outputs found
Sort by
Dried Leaves as Potential Adsorbent for Removal of Methylene Blue
Get PDFDyes are an important class of coloured synthetic organic compound that used and applied in various industries, especially in textile industry. In this work, the aim was to remove cationic dye (methylene blue) from aqueous solution using a low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent, dried leaves (DLs). Dried leaves (DLs) are agricultural waste largely available in Malaysia. The main objective was to investigate the removal efficiency and the effects of operational parameters on MB removal efficiency under batch adsorption method. The batch experiments were carried out to study the effects of the following variables included the adsorbent dosage (0.05-2.0 g), initial MB concentration (20-200mg/L), temperature (30-60°C) and initial pH solution (2-11). Adsorption experiments using DL resulted in higher methylene blue (MB) removal efficiency ranging from 85 to 98% for 0.05-2.0 g of adsorbent dosage. From the experiments result, it was found that MB adsorption increased with increasing the adsorbent dosage. However, MB adsorption decreased with increasing the initial MB concentration, temperature and initial solution pH. The MB removal using 2.0 g of adsorbent was 98.25%. This dosage (2.0g) was considered as optimum dosage to remove MB from the aqueous solutions
Cluster Based Distance Sequence Distance Vector Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Network
No full textMobile Ad-hoc Network is a self-organizing and self-configuring network that has mobile nodes connected wirelessly to each other. Transmission of data packets takes place through single or multi-hop in MANET. Each node in the MANET acts as a router and a host device. MANET is a scalable network and can accommodate nodes to a great extent. However, due to the increase in traffic, it may occur congestion in mobile ad-hoc network. Congestion is a major issue for end to end delay and network overhead. The clustering technique is used to virtually divide the MANET in groups, which allows the data to divide in groups as well. Clustering technique is more efficient than the existing standard protocols used for routing. Such fundamental (DSDV) protocol leads to routing overhead in scalable MANET. In this work, we presented a cluster-based technique for DSDV (Distance Sequence Distance Vector) routing protocol to overcome routing overhead, reduce the packet size and utilize the bandwidth in a large network. Three steps are defined for the cluster based on DSDV, which are the cluster head selection, cluster formation and routing of packets. The cluster based on DSDV (CDSDV) is a Clustering technique to overcome the production of excessive information. Since, the algorithms are made in a manner that the nodes are required to share routing information inside the cluster instead of the entire network. Hence, the results of the CDSDV demonstrate about 10 to 15 percent improvement for throughput and Packet Delivery Ratio, while the average end to end delay seems to be degraded by a considerable degree because of the mutual communication of the cluster heads. The energy consumption of CDSDV is inadequate as it utilizes a slightly more energy than the standard DSDV
Efficient Signatures Verification System Based on Artificial Neural Networks
Get PDFBiometrics refer to the system of authenticating identities of humans, using features like retina scans, thumb and fingerprint scanning, face recognition and also signature recognition. Signatures are a simple and natural method of verifying a person’s identity. It can be saved as an image and verified by matching, using neural networks. Signature verification can be offline or online. In this work, we present a system for offline signature verification. The user has to submit a number of signatures that are used to extract two types of features, statistical features and structural features. A vector obtained from each of them is used to train propagation neural network in the verification stage. A test signature is then taken from the user, to compare it with those the network had been trained with. A test experiment was carried out with two sets of data. One set is used as a training set for the propagation neural network in its verification stage. This set with four signatures form each user is used for the training purpose. The second set consists of one sample of signature for each of the 20 persons is used as a test set for the system. A negative identification test was carried out using a signature of one person to test others’ signatures. The experimental results for the accuracy showed excellent false reject rate and false acceptance rate
Image Based Navigation System for Pedestrians in an Indoor Environment
Get PDFIndoor navigation systems provide means to guide pedestrians to their various destinations. While many tools that take advantage of the Global Positioning System (GPS) for outdoor navigation exists, their usefulness is limited to the availability of GPS signal reception, which is usually poor in indoor environments. In this research, we propose a method that employs only images for indoor pedestrian navigation. In the proposed method, a map of the indoor environment is first transformed into a graph model where features of indoor environment are attached to graph nodes and their distances represented by the graph edges. Feature images of initial and destination locations are provided by the pedestrian who needs to be guided. These images are fed into the created graph model and thereafter the Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) is then used to find a match to these images to discover their corresponding graph nodes. Graph nodes are identified in a manner that corresponds to pedestrian localized position and destination. Leveraging on these nodes in the graph, models are proposed to find the shortest path to user’s destination with instructions and graphical navigation path to enhance maneuverability. Experiment carried out on an indoor environment of the French South African Institute of Technology building, (Tshwane University of Technology) shows encouraging results
Parallel Coupled Wide Pass-Band Filter with Dual Square Complementary Split Ring Resonator and Defected Ground Structure
Get PDFIn this work, a novel design for obtaining wider pass-band was proposed using dual-square complementary split ring resonator and squared symmetrical defected ground structure. Parallel coupling was also amalgamated which helps to achieve wider band-width. Ideally, microwave filters were designed to have high return loss, diminutive insertion loss, coordinated impedance and stable frequency selectivity to avert redundant signal interference in the spectrum. The proposed structure provides excellent selectivity of -46 dB and -28 dB at the lower and upper cut-off frequencies respectively. Defected ground structure (DGS) improved the return loss of this work and insertion loss of nearly zero dB was obtained. The prototype was designed using ANSOFT HFSS 13.0 where centre frequency was maintained at 4.97 GHz. With reference to other filter techniques, better results were obtained in terms of return loss, insertion loss, selectivity, pass-band stretch, fractional band-width and Q-factor
Finger Vein Image Enhancement Technique based on Gabor filter and Discrete Cosine Transform
Get PDFBiometrics is a global technique to establish the identity of a person by measuring one of their physical or behavioral characteristics such as fingerprint, signature, iris, voice and face. Compared to these biometric techniques, the finger vein technique has distinct advantages as it helps to protect privacy and anonymity in automated individual recognition. Many studies showed that the finger vein images were of a low quality because of the variation in the tissues and uneven illumination. Hence, there is a need for effective image enhancement techniques, which can improve the quality of the images. In this study, we proposed a novel technique, which enhances the image quality of the finger veins. This method includes contrast amelioration, use of Gabor filters and image fusion, which generates an image with highly connective patterns. We used three criteria to evaluate the quality of processed images, the mean of grey values, the image entropy, and the image contrast. The obtained result shows higher values when using our approach in comparison to the baseline methods considered in this work
Design and Analysis of 2oo3 Static Voter for SMT function in an Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Drive System
Get PDFIn fail-safe systems, a 2-out-of-3 voter is responsible for processing the monitoring of failures of the sensor unit in the system. When a failure has occurred and the outputs directly drive the vital units, there may be some injuries, loss or damages, such as in a nuclear reactor shutdown, railway signalling systems, industrial compression systems, or electric motor drive systems. This paper presents an innovatively designed and developed 2-out-of-3 static voter that detects the signal with a window comparator circuit related to the safety system for the detection of false signals. The voting function is mainly one diode and four optoelectronic switches, which reduces the number of devices, resulting in a lower failure rate. Failure of the voter is detected and corrected by the window comparator with digital switching levels, which is a very simple circuit that is used with low voltage and fast varying input. Furthermore, the analysis of the performance was conducted for IEC 61800-5-2 in an adjustable speed electrical power drive system, with the simulation of the failure rate of electronic equipment, mean time to failure, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), and the experimental circuit
AN ASSESSMENT OF POLICY ANALYSIS OF O-MEAL IN OSUN STATE
Get PDFThis work analyzed the O-meal policy of Osun state government. It established the extent to which school feeding program affects performance of children in preschool and it determined the influence of food served to children on academic performance. Hence, this study investigated the relationship between the quality of food and academic performance. The source of data for the purpose of this study was questionnaire administered to 300 respondents selected using simple random sampling technique from all the three senatorial districts of Osun state. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study was able to find out that, the Osun State school feeding program has brought about an increase in children’s performance as a result of massive enrolment that the pre-schools in Osun State have recorded. Also, it was found out that the quantity and the quality of the meals served to the children have led to good academic performance of the students
Two-Step Detection Algorithm for Fluctuating Weak Target Based on Dynamic Programming
Get PDFMulti-frame data are processed simultaneously in Track-before-Detect (TBD) algorithm, which is an effective means to improve signal-to-noise ratio. However, some key factors, such as fluctuation loss and multi-frame joint threshold, are neglected when detecting weak target, which leading to detection performance loss inevitably. In order to address the above problems, a novel dynamic programming-TBD (DP-TBD) algorithm based on two-step thresholds is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the multi-frame accumulation amplitude for the observation scene is recalculated based on fluctuation loss analysis and measurement updating, as a result, the accumulation amplitude is closer to the real situation. Then, the first level threshold based on multi-frame data is achieved through the proposed threshold setting method, which avoiding the disadvantage of CFAR algorithm in which the false alarm trajectory cannot be separated effectively from the real target trajectory. Finally, the quantity for false alarm trajectory is decreased further by setting the second level thresholds, which depending on the distribution characteristics of the residual false alarm trajectories. The proposed algorithm takes full advantage of multi-frame joint detection for fluctuating weak targets, which giving consideration to both detection performance and false alarm performance. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm
Design and Modelling a Single-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic at Low Voltage Network Using PSCAD Software
Get PDFThe objective of this paper is to design and model a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system at low-voltage network. The system consists of PV as the main source of energy, single-phase inverter, Proportional Integral (PI) controller, low-pass filter, load, and lowvoltage distribution network. The model was developed using PSCAD-EMTDC software. The design was tested in terms of active power (P) and reactive power (Q) produced the to support the load demand. The results showed that the PV model was able to meet the load demand by properly tuningthe PI controller. Simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller and confirmed that the system are robust with acceptable performance