Centro Universitario Mendoza, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras: Open Journal Systems FFYL
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First Record of Spintherophyta aurichalcea (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Damaging Ilex paraguariensis (St. Hil.) Crops in Argentina
Full text linkIlex paraguariensis (St. Hil.), commonly known as yerba mate, is a native plant to South America and cultivated in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. In Argentina, yerba mate is produced and cultivated throughout the province of Misiones and northeastern Corrientes. Yerba mate is a major crop in this region, providing raw material for beverages and active compounds for the pharmaceutical industry. Yerba mate crops are attacked by different phytophagous insects that can cause significant damage. This study reports the first confirmed record of Spintherophyta aurichalcea (Germar, 1824) as a phytophagous insect damaging commercial Ilex paraguariensis plantations in Misiones and Corrientes provinces, Argentina.
Highligths:
First confirmed record of Spintherophyta aurichalcea damaging Ilex paraguariensis crops in Argentina.
The beetle was detected in commercial yerba mate plantations in Misiones and Corrientes provinces.
Adults feed on young shoots and mature leaves, causing necrotic and perforated damage.
Findings provide baseline information for future monitoring and pest management strategies.Ilex paraguariensis (St. Hil.), commonly known as yerba mate, is a native plant to South America and cultivated in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. In Argentina, yerba mate is produced and cultivated throughout the province of Misiones and northeastern Corrientes. Yerba mate is a major crop in this region, providing raw material for beverages and active compounds for the pharmaceutical industry. Yerba mate crops are attacked by different phytophagous insects that can cause significant damage. This study reports the first confirmed record of Spintherophyta aurichalcea (Germar, 1824) as a phytophagous insect damaging commercial Ilex paraguariensis plantations in Misiones and Corrientes provinces, Argentina.
Highligths:
First confirmed record of Spintherophyta aurichalcea damaging Ilex paraguariensis crops in Argentina.
The beetle was detected in commercial yerba mate plantations in Misiones and Corrientes provinces.
Adults feed on young shoots and mature leaves, causing necrotic and perforated damage.
Findings provide baseline information for future monitoring and pest management strategies
Introducción al Dossier. Violencia estatal y paraestatal a escala subnacional: balances y desafíos a 50 años de la última dictadura militar
Full text linkPhysiological and Biochemical Responses of Neltuma ruscifolia under Na2SO4 Stress
Full text linkSalt stress limits plant production in arid and semi-arid zones. Although Na2SO4 is frequent in saline soils, most studies on plant physiological responses to salt stress were conducted using NaCl. This study aimed to determine the effect of Na2SO4 salt stress on physiological and biochemical responses in Neltuma ruscifolia. Increasing concentrations of Na2SO4 were added to 6-month-old plants grown hydroponically in 25% Hoagland nutrient solution. After 60 days of saline treatments, biomass, cysteine concentration, gas exchange, mineral composition, abscisic acid and salicylic acid concentrations, and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined. It is concluded that 200 mmol L-1 Na2SO4 is the threshold for N. ruscifolia seedling growth. Growth inhibition can be attributed to altered ionic homeostasis and photosynthesis inhibition after stomatal closure. Nevertheless, the species shows adaptive responses to this salt. Stomatal closure and increased foliar concentrations of abscisic acid contribute to water economy, while cysteine synthesis reduces sulfate toxicity. In parallel, salt stress induces salicylic acid accumulation in leaves, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes that prevent oxidative stress.
Highlights:
The threshold for growth of Neltuma ruscifolia is 200 mmol L-1 Na2SO4.
Salt stress altered ionic homeostasis.
Sodium sulfate inhibited photosynthesis due to stomatal closure.
Salt stress increased concentrations of abscisic acid and salicylic acid.
Salt stress triggers the species' antioxidant response.Salt stress limits plant production in arid and semi-arid zones. Although Na2SO4 is frequent in saline soils, most studies on plant physiological responses to salt stress were conducted using NaCl. This study aimed to determine the effect of Na2SO4 salt stress on physiological and biochemical responses in Neltuma ruscifolia. Increasing concentrations of Na2SO4 were added to 6-month-old plants grown hydroponically in 25% Hoagland nutrient solution. After 60 days of saline treatments, biomass, cysteine concentration, gas exchange, mineral composition, abscisic acid and salicylic acid concentrations, and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined. It is concluded that 200 mmol L-1 Na2SO4 is the threshold for N. ruscifolia seedling growth. Growth inhibition can be attributed to altered ionic homeostasis and photosynthesis inhibition after stomatal closure. Nevertheless, the species shows adaptive responses to this salt. Stomatal closure and increased foliar concentrations of abscisic acid contribute to water economy, while cysteine synthesis reduces sulfate toxicity. In parallel, salt stress induces salicylic acid accumulation in leaves, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes that prevent oxidative stress.
Highlights:
The threshold for growth of Neltuma ruscifolia is 200 mmol L-1 Na2SO4.
Salt stress altered ionic homeostasis.
Sodium sulfate inhibited photosynthesis due to stomatal closure.
Salt stress increased concentrations of abscisic acid and salicylic acid.
Salt stress triggers the species' antioxidant response.
Optimization of Antioxidant Extraction from Mutisia friesiana, Native Plant of the Quebrada and Puna Regions of Argentina
Full text linkThe study determined the optimal conditions for extracting antioxidant phenols from Mutisia friesiana (Asteraceae) using ultrasound-assisted extraction. We evaluated extraction time, ethanol concentration, and solid/solvent ratio, applying a Box-Behnken experimental design. Response variables were total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH free radical scavenging activity (EC50), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). All extraction variables were optimized by the response surface methodology. The optimal conditions resulted in 15 minutes of extraction, 65% ethanol, and a solid/solvent ratio of 5 g/100 mL. Under these conditions, TPC, EC50, and FRAP values were 54.24 mg GAE/g dw, 31.40 µg/mL, and 965.32 µmol EFe(II)/g dw, respectively. Extract HPLC–MS analysis under optimal conditions identified four phenolic compounds, previously reported for their antioxidant properties. This study provides valuable insights into optimal extraction parameters of bioactive compounds from M. friesiana, positioning the species as a promising natural antioxidants source for the food industry, particularly meat products.
Highlights:
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was optimized to recover antioxidant phenols from Mutisia friesiana using response surface methodology.
Optimal conditions yielded an extract with high antioxidant activity.
HPLC-MS identified four antioxidant phenols in the optimized extract.The study determined the optimal conditions for extracting antioxidant phenols from Mutisia friesiana (Asteraceae) using ultrasound-assisted extraction. We evaluated extraction time, ethanol concentration, and solid/solvent ratio, applying a Box-Behnken experimental design. Response variables were total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH free radical scavenging activity (EC50), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). All extraction variables were optimized by the response surface methodology. The optimal conditions resulted in 15 minutes of extraction, 65% ethanol, and a solid/solvent ratio of 5 g/100 mL. Under these conditions, TPC, EC50, and FRAP values were 54.24 mg GAE/g dw, 31.40 µg/mL, and 965.32 µmol EFe(II)/g dw, respectively. Extract HPLC–MS analysis under optimal conditions identified four phenolic compounds, previously reported for their antioxidant properties. This study provides valuable insights into optimal extraction parameters of bioactive compounds from M. friesiana, positioning the species as a promising natural antioxidants source for the food industry, particularly meat products.
Highlights:
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was optimized to recover antioxidant phenols from Mutisia friesiana using response surface methodology.
Optimal conditions yielded an extract with high antioxidant activity.
HPLC-MS identified four antioxidant phenols in the optimized extract
Capitalistas industriais na Argentina e no México: Crise económica e ações políticas na década de 70
Full text linkThis work aims to respond to how industrial entities in Argentina and Mexico behaved politically in the face of the national expressions of the international crisis of the 70s and the new world configuration. A novel comparative study is carried out, which reconstructs the similarities and differences of the political action of the General Economic Confederation, the Argentine Industrial Union and CONCAMIN in the face of the oscillations of the economic cycle and its political correlates. From the analysis of qualitative and quantitative sources and specialized bibliography, it is concluded that the entities supported demands for protection of the internal market and state transfers, and not for market liberalization, in accordance with the needs of the weak industrial capitals on an international scale that they represented.Este trabajo se propone responder cómo se comportaron políticamente las entidades industriales en Argentina y México ante las expresiones nacionales de la crisis internacional de los años 70 y la nueva configuración mundial. Se realiza un estudio comparativo novedoso, que reconstruye las similitudes y diferencias de la acción política de la Confederación General Económica, la Unión Industrial Argentina y la CONCAMIN frente a las oscilaciones del ciclo económico y sus correlatos políticos. A partir del análisis de fuentes cualitativas, cuantitativas y de bibliografía especializada se concluye que las entidades sostuvieron demandas de protección del mercado interno y transferencias estatales, y no de liberalización del mercado, acordes a las necesidades de los capitales industriales débiles a escala internacional que representaban.
Este trabalho visa responder como as entidades industriais da Argentina e do México se comportaram politicamente diante das expressões nacionais da crise internacional dos anos 70 e da nova configuração mundial. É realizado um novo estudo comparativo que reconstrói as semelhanças e diferenças da ação política da Confederação Geral Econômica, da União Industrial Argentina e da CONCAMIN diante das oscilações do ciclo econômico e seus correlatos políticos. Da análise de fontes qualitativas e quantitativas e de bibliografia especializada, conclui-se que as entidades apoiaram reivindicações de proteção do mercado interno e de transferências estatais, e não de liberalização dos mercados, de acordo com as necessidades dos capitais industriais fracos à escala internacional que representavam
Suplementariedad nominal y devenires trans en El cuarto mundo, de Diamela Eltit, “La travesti y el cuervo”, de Copi, y Keres cojer? = guan tu fak, de Alejandro López
Full text linkOne of the nominal poetics or name-performances in fictional characters from Southern Cone literature during the last two decades of the twentieth century and the first two of the twenty-first is what we have termed nominal supplementarity. This operates through the displacement, substitution, or distortion of characters’ proper names by others, within literary discourses shaped by the cultural framework of post-industrial capitalism and globalized subjectivities. In the texts El cuarto mundo by Diamela Eltit (1988), Keres cojer? = guan tu fak by Alejandro López (2005), and “La travesti y el cuervo” by Copi (1984), this mechanism is organized around trans becomings. Our working hypothesis is that these becomings, grounded in the name, even more than presenting a properly trans-affirmative or subjectivating character (in López and partially in Copi), make visible and deconstruct broader structures. They introduce a rupture in the narrative as catalysts or turning points, either to condense an allegory (Eltit) or a parody (Copi, López) of large-scale social and political structures: imperialism in Third World nations, gore and transnational capitalism (Valencia, 2010), and the incursion of the internet into subjectivity and labor. These allegorical or parodic modulations are linked, in the case of Eltit and Copi, to the construction of “delirious subjectivities” (Guattari and Rolnik, 2006); while in the case of López, they concentrate on ways of incorporating digitality into perceived subjectivity.Una de las poéticas nominales o performances del nombre en personajes de ficción literaria del Cono Sur durante las dos últimas décadas del siglo XX y las dos primeras del XXI fue la que dimos en llamar suplementariedad nominal. Se basa en el desplazamiento, sustitución o deformación de los nombres propios de los personajes por otro(s) en discursos literarios atravesados por el marco cultural del capitalismo postindustrial y las subjetividades globalizadas. Así, en los textos El cuarto mundo de Diamela Eltit (1988), Keres cojer? = guan tu fak de Alejandro López (2005), y “La travesti y el cuervo” de Copi (1984), este mecanismo se organiza en torno a los devenires trans. La hipótesis de trabajo es que estos, apoyados en el nombre, más incluso que presentar un carácter propiamente reivindicativo o subjetivador trans (en López y parcialmente en Copi), visibilizan y deconstruyen entramados mayores; introducen una incisión en la trama como catalizadores o de puntos de viraje, ya sea para concentrar una alegoría (Eltit) o una parodia (Copi, López) de las grandes estructuras sociales y políticas: el imperialismo en las naciones tercermundistas, el capitalismo trasnacional y gore (Valencia, 2010) y la intromisión de internet en la subjetividad y en el trabajo. Estas modulaciones alegóricas o paródicas se vinculan en el caso de Eltit y de Copi con la construcción de “subjetividades delirantes” (Guattari y Rolnik, 2006); mientras que, en el caso de López, se concentran en los modos de incluir la digitalidad dentro de la subjetividad percibida
Desplazamientos y subjetivaciones en el contexto sociotécnico digital: Apuntes para trazar las coordenadas de la escuela pública como dispositivo híbrido
Full text linkThis essay explores the relationships between socio-digital devices and the production of subjectivities in contemporary public schools.
Starting from the premise that subjectivity is not static but a phenomenon in constant movement, a series of displacements are proposed in the context as well as in subjectivations that allow us to draw a map of contemporary transformations and the role of the school.
In our point of view, the school is configured as a hybrid apparatus since in it, perhaps with greater intensity - and why not, contradiction - than in other spaces, the intersections between the proposal of modern progress centered on the state and the logic of datafication and algorithmic governmentality of technological platforms. In this sense, we hope to share questions to problematize the role of educational institutions in contemporary subjectivation processes.El presente ensayo tiene como objetivo proponer un recorrido teórico que permita comprender las relaciones entre dispositivos sociodigitales y producción de subjetividades en la escuela pública contemporánea. Partiendo de la premisa de que la subjetividad no es estática sino un fenómeno en constante movimiento, se plantean una serie de desplazamientos en el contexto como en las subjetivaciones que nos permitan trazar un mapa de las transformaciones contemporáneas y del rol de la escuela,
Desde nuestro punto de vista, la escuela se configura como un dispositivo híbrido puesto que en ella, conviven quizás con mayor intensidad – y porque no, contradicción- que en otros espacios, los entrecruzamientos entre la propuesta de progreso moderno centrada en el estado y la lógica de datificación y gubernamentalidad algorítmica de las plataformas tecnológicas. En este sentido, esperamos compartir interrogantes para problematizar el rol de las instituciones educativas en los procesos de subjetivación contemporáneos
Prácticas Filosóficas: Emergencias a partir de la filosofía con niños/as en la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina: Entrevista a Adriana Arpini y a Elizabeth Hiedrich
Full text linkIn Mendoza, the field of Philosophical Practice began to emerge some 25 years ago in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the National University of Cuyo. Between September and October 2024, we spoke with two women promoting this field in the province: Adriana Arpini and Elizabeth Hiedrich. Their stories contribute to tracing a polyphonic history, as they contribute to the memory of philosophical practices, based on the modality of philosophy for and with children.En Mendoza, el campo de la Práctica Filosófica comienza a germinar hace unos 25 años en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Entre setiembre y octubre de 2024 dialogamos con dos mujeres que promueven este campo en la provincia; Adriana Arpini y Elizabeth Hiedrich. Sus relatos contribuyen a trazar una historia polifónica, en la medida que aportan a la memoria de las prácticas filosóficas, a partir de la modalidad de filosofía para y con niños/as
Composición nutricional de ricota de la planta piloto de la Universidad Nacional de Luján. Evaluación estadística y tabla nutricional
Full text linkThe pilot plant of the UNLu complements student training by producing cheeses and ricotta. The ricotta lacks nutritional information, which motivates the need to analyze its composition and comply with regulations. Nine samples made from whey from different cheeses were analyzed.Moisture, ash, protein, and fat were determined using official techniques, digestible carbohydrates by difference, and calories using conversion factors.The statistical analysis using the ANOVA test showed heterogeneity in the values for moisture and fat. They were classified according to the CAA as "Lean Ricotta" (LR) with less than 5% fat, and "Semi-fat Ricotta" (SFR) with more than 5%. The results were: moisture 80.0% (LR) and 75.3% (SFR), protein 9.3% (LR) and 9.0% (SFR), fat 4.5% (LR) and 11.0% (SFR), carbohydrates 4.6% (LR) and 3.2% (SFR), and caloric value 96 kcal% (LR) and 149 kcal% (SFR).Two nutritional tables were prepared, one for each type of ricotta.A correspondence was observed between the whey used in production. The (LR) comes from whey of low-moisture cheeses and the (SFR) from whey of medium- and high-moisture cheeses.La planta piloto de la UNLu complementa la formación de los estudiantes produciendo alimentos como quesos y ricota. La ricota carece de información nutricional, lo que motiva la necesidad de analizar su composición y cumplir con las normativas vigentes. Se analizaron 9 muestras elaboradas a partir de sueros de distintos quesos. Se determinó humedad, ceniza, proteína, grasa, según técnicas oficiales, carbohidratos asimilables por diferencia y calorías usando los factores de conversión.El análisis estadístico por la prueba ANOVA mostró heterogeneidad de los valores para humedad y grasa. Se clasificaron según el Código Alimentario Argentino CAA como “Ricota magra” (RM) contenido menor a 5% de grasa y como “Ricota semi grasa” (RSG) mayor a 5%. Los resultados fueron: humedad 80,0% (RM) y 75,3% (RSG), proteínas 9,3% (RM) y 9,0% (RSG), grasa 4,5% (RM) y 11,0% (RSG), carbohidratos 4,6% (RM) y 3,2% (RSG) y aporte calórico 96 kcal% (RM) y 149 kcal% (RSG). Se confeccionaron dos tablas nutricionales, una para cada tipo de ricota.Se evidenció una correspondencia entre los sueros de elaboración. La (RM) proviene de sueros de quesos de baja humedad y la (RSG) de sueros de quesos de media y alta humedad
Empleo de alginato para el encapsulado de alimento balanceado de uso acuícola
Full text linkThis study explores the use of alginate-based polymeric microcapsules as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative for larval fish feeding. For this, a locally developed balanced feed, with protein and lipid profiles similar to Artemia, was used as the core material. Various encapsulation formulations were evaluated using food-grade sodium alginate (0.4 to 1.0 % w/v) and feed concentrations (5 to 25 % w/v). Two encapsulation methods were tested: syringe dripping and compressor-assisted spraying. The resulting microcapsules were analyzed by optical microscopy and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Syringe encapsulation with 25 % feed and 0.6 % alginate yielded 2.5 mm spheres with an encapsulation efficiency of 80 %. Spraying, using 10 % feed and 0.6 % alginate, produced microparticles with a diameter of 0.4 mm, comparable to Artemia size. Both formulations exhibited good stability in liquid medium over 15 days at room temperature. These results highlight the potential of alginate as an encapsulating matrix for aquaculture feed, offering a viable alternative to reduce costs and decrease dependence on imported Artemia, thus supporting more resilient local aquaculture systems.Este trabajo propone el uso de encapsulados poliméricos a base de alginato como una alternativa económica y sostenible para alimentar larvas de peces. Para ello, se empleó un alimento balanceado desarrollado localmente, con perfil proteico y lipídico similar al de Artemia sp. Se evaluaron distintas formulaciones de microencapsulado utilizando diferentes concentraciones de alginato de sodio de grado alimenticio (0,4 a 1,0 % P/V) y de alimento balanceado (5 a 25 % P/V). Se aplicaron dos técnicas de encapsulado: goteo con jeringa y pulverización con compresor. Las microesferas obtenidas fueron analizadas mediante microscopía óptica y espectrofotometría. La técnica de jeringa con 25 % de alimento y 0,6 % de alginato generó esferas de 2,5 mm con una eficiencia de encapsulado del 80 %. La pulverización, con 10 % de alimento y 0,6 % de alginato, permitió obtener micropartículas de 0,4 mm, tamaño comparable al de Artemia. Ambas formulaciones mostraron buena estabilidad en medio líquido durante 15 días a temperatura ambiente. Estos resultados demuestran el potencial del alginato como matriz encapsulante para reemplazar parcialmente el uso de Artemia, reduciendo costos y fortaleciendo la producción acuícola nacional