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El legado de Churchill en la Infraestructura Británica: De la Modernización del Siglo XX a la Crisis Post-Brexit
No full textOne of the article's objectives was to examine the profound transformation of the UK's transport and logistics system during the first half of the 20th century, a process marked by the shift from rail hegemony to motorized and air technologies, under the decisive influence of the two world wars and subsequent national reconstruction. In this context, Winston Churchill stands out as the architect of a far-reaching strategic vision that integrated infrastructure with economic development and national security. From his early positions as Chairman of the Board of Trade (1908-1910) to his second term as Prime Minister (1951-1955), Churchill promoted an intermodal network that linked railways, ports, and roads, fostered motorization and commercial aviation, and conceived of infrastructure as a tool for national cohesion.The study highlighted that this model of logistical integration and state centralization shaped the foundations of the modern British system, but also anticipated the structural tensions and vulnerabilities that are reappearing in the post-Brexit scenario, where supply chains face new challenges stemming from the political and economic disarticulation of the European space.Uno de los objetivos del artículo fue examinar la profunda transformación del sistema de transporte y logística del Reino Unido durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, un proceso marcado por el desplazamiento de la hegemonía ferroviaria hacia tecnologías motorizadas y aéreas, bajo la influencia decisiva de las dos guerras mundiales y de la reconstrucción nacional posterior. En este contexto, se destaca la figura de Winston Churchill como artífice de una visión estratégica de largo alcance que integró la infraestructura al desarrollo económico y a la seguridad del Estado. Desde sus primeros cargos como Presidente de la Junta de Comercio (1908-1910) hasta su segundo mandato como Primer Ministro (1951-1955), Churchill promovió una red intermodal que articuló ferrocarriles, puertos y carreteras, impulsó la motorización y la aviación comercial, y concibió la infraestructura como una herramienta de cohesión nacional.El estudio destacó que este modelo de integración logística y centralización estatal configuró las bases del sistema moderno británico, pero también anticipó las tensiones estructurales y vulnerabilidades que reaparecen en el escenario post-Brexit, donde las cadenas de suministro enfrentan nuevos desafíos derivados de la desarticulación política y económica del espacio europeo
Implementación de la Ley 27.610 de Acceso a la Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo (2021–2024).: Políticas, servicios, barreras y desafíos.
Get PDFCannabis sativa como estrategia innovadora frente a biopelículas de Staphylococcus aureus en infecciones crónicas.
Get PDFMujeres y escritura en el “medio siglo español”: Figuraciones femeninas en los cuentos de Ana María Matute, Carmen Martín Gaite y Josefina Aldecoa
Get PDFLiterature has served as a crucial space for the representation and questioning of gender models, particularly in ideologically controlled contexts like Francoist Spain. The official discourse promoted an image of women confined to traditional values, limiting their role to the domestic sphere and elevating an idealized femininity based on obedience and self-sacrifice. However, in the narrative of the mid-20th century, several women writers challenged these precepts through the creation of female characters that broke free from the imposed molds.
This article presents a critical and discursive analysis of selected short stories by Carmen Martín Gaite, Josefina Aldecoa, and Ana María Matute, three authors born in the 1920s who represent the first significant generation of female narrators in Spain. Their stories move away from the stereotypes of the "novela rosa" and question the norms imposed by Francoism, particularly regarding gender identity and the role of women in society. Through the examination of these stories, the article explores how these authors give voice to their female characters, challenging patriarchal restrictions and proposing new representations of femininity in a context of censorship and ideological surveillance.La literatura ha sido un espacio clave para la representación y el cuestionamiento de los modelos de género, especialmente en contextos de control ideológico como el franquismo. En España, el discurso oficial promovió una imagen de la mujer subordinada a los valores tradicionales, limitando su papel al ámbito doméstico y exaltando una feminidad ideal basada en la obediencia y la abnegación. Sin embargo, dentro de la narrativa de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, varias escritoras desafiaron estos preceptos mediante la construcción de personajes femeninos que rompían con los moldes impuestos.
Este artículo analiza, desde una perspectiva crítica y discursiva, una selección de cuentos de Carmen Martín Gaite, Josefina Aldecoa y Ana María Matute, tres autoras que, nacidas en la década de 1920, conforman la primera generación significativa de narradoras en España. Sus relatos se alejan de los estereotipos de la novela rosa y cuestionan las normas impuestas por el franquismo, particularmente en lo que respecta a la identidad de género y el rol de la mujer en la sociedad. A través del estudio de estos cuentos, se examina cómo las autoras otorgan voz propia a sus personajes femeninos, desafiando las restricciones patriarcales y proponiendo nuevas formas de representación de lo femenino en un contexto de censura y vigilancia ideológica
Interseccionalidad: Historia y avances de la tercera a la cuarta ola del feminismo
Get PDFThis article highlights the intrinsic relationship between the concept of intersectionality, human rights, and the discipline of history. It presents a study of intersectionality from its conception to its evolution, growth, and application throughout the last two waves of the feminist movement. The work addresses the context in which intersectionality emerged, emphasizing its importance as a conceptual tool within legal frameworks to understand the overlapping oppressions experienced by women based on race, social class, sexual orientation, gender identity, and other factors. It examines the broad uses of intersectionality from academia to activism and politics, showing its widespread influence on feminist theory and practice globally.El presente artículo subraya la intrínseca relación entre el concepto de interseccionalidad, los derechos humanos y la disciplina histórica. Ofrece un estudio sobre el concepto de interseccionalidad, desde su concepción hasta su evolución, crecimiento y aplicación a lo largo de las dos últimas olas del movimiento feminista.
El trabajo aborda el contexto en el que surgió, destacando su importancia como herramienta conceptual en el marco jurídico para comprender las intersecciones de opresión que experimentan las mujeres en función de su raza, clase social, orientación sexual, identidad de género y otros factores. Luego, se analizan los usos generales del concepto de interseccionalidad, desde la academia hasta el activismo y la política, revelando cómo ha permeado la teoría y la práctica feminista en todo el mundo.
Se examina su evolución desde la tercera ola del feminismo, que puso énfasis en la inclusión y diversidad de mujeres; hasta la cuarta ola, caracterizada por su profundización y adopción del término y su característica contextual en su aplicación con el uso de las tecnologías y el activismo en línea.
Asimismo, se destaca la relevancia de la interseccionalidad en la promoción y defensa de los derechos humanos de las mujeres, subrayando cómo este enfoque holístico e inclusivo es fundamental para abordar las desigualdades sistémicas y promover un cambio social transformador hacia la equidad de género, por medio del principio de progresividad de los derechos humanos, a los que este concepto atiende.
Finalmente, este estudio evidencia que el concepto de interseccionalidad debe entenderse vinculado, por un lado, a los derechos humanos y por otro a la disciplina histórica, para poder evidenciar sus características contextuales y progresivas. De este modo, se puede entender su evolución y aportes actuales en la lucha y promoción de derechos y de una vida digna, plena y libre de violencias para las mujeres
Mujeres en segundo plano: Expresiones del género femenino en documentos coloniales mendocinos
Get PDFThe article examines the linguistic forms used in colonial public and private documents to designate the female gender represented by women living in Mendoza during the 16th and 17th centuries. It reconstructs the operative perspective of officials and residents of the city as recorded in the selected texts. The study focuses on the linguistic mechanisms that shape an image of women as integral members of the community at that time. Specifically, it seeks to answer what linguistic strategies were primarily employed in the Mendoza city council Acts (which are the only comprehensive public documents from the period when the city was part of the Captaincy General of Chile, and later, from 1776, the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata) and, complementarily, in some marriage dowry letters (also held in the General Archive of the Province of Mendoza). A corpus was compiled and analyzed in light of studies on available lexicon. The analysis of the council acts and private documents such as wills and dowry letters concludes that despite the few references to the female universe, women participated dynamically and significantly in all facets of community life. They were designated in traditional ways common to Spanish Peninsula documents. When referring to mixed masculine and feminine groups, the masculine was used as the unmarked form.El artículo examina las formas lingüísticas utilizadas en documentos públicos y privados coloniales para referirse a las mujeres que vivieron en Mendoza durante los siglos XVI y XVII. A partir de un corpus conformado principalmente por las Actas del cabildo de Mendoza, que son el documento público más completo del período, y complementado por cartas de dote, se analiza cómo los funcionarios y vecinos representaban a las mujeres en la comunidad. El estudio se centra en identificar las estrategias lingüísticas que construyen la imagen femenina como parte activa de la vida económica y social de la época. A pesar de que las referencias al género femenino son escasas, el análisis revela que las mujeres participaban de manera dinámica en la vida comunitaria, siendo designadas de forma tradicional, similar a lo observado en documentos peninsulares. En casos de expresiones que combinaban masculino y femenino, se utilizaba preferentemente el masculino como forma no marcada. La investigación se enmarca en estudios sobre el léxico disponible, aportando una percepción del rol y la presencia de las mujeres en la Mendoza colonial, y destacando su participación significativa en diversos ámbitos sociales y económicos, pese al limitado reconocimiento documental. Esta perspectiva contribuye a comprender mejor las expresiones de género y las representaciones sociales femeninas en la época colonial
Construyendo prácticas educativas en la educación especial sustentadas en el paradigma de protección integral de derechos de las infancias
Get PDFEl Paradigma de Protección Integral de Derechos de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes establece un marco normativo que asigna responsabilidades a los docentes y exige acciones concretas a las instituciones educativas. También interpela la formación docente, cuestionando el grado de preparación de los futuros profesionales para abordar situaciones de vulneración de derechos y su inclusión en los trayectos formativos. Desde esta perspectiva, las prácticas docentes se reconocen como espacios clave donde los estudiantes comienzan a identificar y enfrentar situaciones vinculadas con la vulneración de derechos. Este estudio se centró en estudiantes avanzados de formación docente en los niveles inicial, primario y especial, de distintas instituciones de Mendoza. La investigación exploró el conocimiento que poseen sobre el paradigma de derechos y la presencia de estos contenidos en los planes de estudio. Se utilizó una metodología descriptivo-interpretativa, con enfoque cualitativo y aportes cuantitativos. Esta presentación se enfoca en las carreras de educación especial. Los resultados revelan diferencias significativas entre instituciones, lo que evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer la inclusión curricular de estos contenidos desde una perspectiva profesional e institucional, con el objetivo de formar docentes comprometidos con la defensa y promoción de los derechos de la infanci
Pesticide drift: comparing spraying systems under variable field climatic conditions
Get PDFSafe pesticide application must ensure efficacy in pest control while minimizing environmental and human health risks. This study investigated pesticide potential drift by comparing ground and aerial spraying systems under different climatic conditions. The research was conducted in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, using a randomized block experimental design with 10 repetitions and a 2 x 2 split-plot scheme, considering spraying systems and climatic conditions as factors. Favorable and Unfavorable conditions were determined by relative air humidity, temperature, and wind speed. Aerial spraying was performed using a Cessna aircraft, while terrestrial spraying was done using a self-propelled Montana Parruda sprayer. Variables assessed included Volumetric Median Diameter (VMD), droplet density (DEN), and target coverage. Results revealed that aerial spraying has a higher drift potential, exceeding 180 m, compared to terrestrial spraying, limited to 90 m under unfavorable conditions. Although terrestrial spraying produces larger droplets, its shorter distance to the target and reduced speed minimize lateral movement, limiting drift potential. Droplet density and non-target area coverage were low for both systems, (0.1%). Under ideal conditions, aerial spraying is more efficient, but both methods require rigorous safety measures to prevent contamination risks. This study underlines the importance of considering droplet size and specific environmental conditions when choosing a spraying system, contributing to safer and more efficient agricultural practices.
Highlights:
Terrestrial spraying produces larger droplets which results in limited drift potential.
Aerial spraying has a higher drift potential compared to terrestrial spraying.
Aerial spraying is more efficient under favorable environmental conditions.
For safer and more efficient agricultural practices it is important considering droplet size and specific environmental conditions.Safe pesticide application must ensure efficacy in pest control while minimizing environmental and human health risks. This study investigated pesticide potential drift by comparing ground and aerial spraying systems under different climatic conditions. The research was conducted in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, using a randomized block experimental design with 10 repetitions and a 2 x 2 split-plot scheme, considering spraying systems and climatic conditions as factors. Favorable and Unfavorable conditions were determined by relative air humidity, temperature, and wind speed. Aerial spraying was performed using a Cessna aircraft, while terrestrial spraying was done using a self-propelled Montana Parruda sprayer. Variables assessed included Volumetric Median Diameter (VMD), droplet density (DEN), and target coverage. Results revealed that aerial spraying has a higher drift potential, exceeding 180 m, compared to terrestrial spraying, limited to 90 m under unfavorable conditions. Although terrestrial spraying produces larger droplets, its shorter distance to the target and reduced speed minimize lateral movement, limiting drift potential. Droplet density and non-target area coverage were low for both systems, (0.1%). Under ideal conditions, aerial spraying is more efficient, but both methods require rigorous safety measures to prevent contamination risks. This study underlines the importance of considering droplet size and specific environmental conditions when choosing a spraying system, contributing to safer and more efficient agricultural practices.
Highlights:
Terrestrial spraying produces larger droplets which results in limited drift potential.
Aerial spraying has a higher drift potential compared to terrestrial spraying.
Aerial spraying is more efficient under favorable environmental conditions.
For safer and more efficient agricultural practices it is important considering droplet size and specific environmental conditions
Fungicide Management of Late Leaf Spot and Peanut Smut
Get PDFLate leaf spot (LLS), caused by Nothopassalora personata, is the most devastating peanut disease in the world. In Argentina, peanut smut (Thecaphora frezii) has increased significantly in recent decades. LLS is mainly managed through chemical fungicides, however, peanut smut is not effectively controlled, except for some resistant peanut genotypes. This study evaluated the effects of widely used fungicides for LLS control on both diseases and crop yield. Field trials were conducted over three consecutive years in two locations, with different fungicide doses and number of applications. Disease intensities were significantly higher in General Cabrera (GC) than in Vicuña Mackenna (VM) resulting in higher yields in VM. This could be due to the longer history of peanut cultivation in GC, where fungicide applications reduced LLS intensity. Among fungicides, chlorothalonil showed the best performance. However, these treatments were ineffective against peanut smut, likely due to difficulties reaching the infection site. Considering fungicides are one major management tool, further study of different active ingredients against both diseases should also consider sustainable integrated management.
Highlights:
The intensity of late leaf spot and peanut smut was strongly associated with location.
The use of chemical treatments proved effective in controlling late leaf spot.
Peanut smut was not managed thought fungicides.
It is possible to manage peanut late leaf spot using fungicides with a lower environmental impact.Late leaf spot (LLS), caused by Nothopassalora personata, is the most devastating peanut disease in the world. In Argentina, peanut smut (Thecaphora frezii) has increased significantly in recent decades. LLS is mainly managed through chemical fungicides, however, peanut smut is not effectively controlled, except for some resistant peanut genotypes. This study evaluated the effects of widely used fungicides for LLS control on both diseases and crop yield. Field trials were conducted over three consecutive years in two locations, with different fungicide doses and number of applications. Disease intensities were significantly higher in General Cabrera (GC) than in Vicuña Mackenna (VM) resulting in higher yields in VM. This could be due to the longer history of peanut cultivation in GC, where fungicide applications reduced LLS intensity. Among fungicides, chlorothalonil showed the best performance. However, these treatments were ineffective against peanut smut, likely due to difficulties reaching the infection site. Considering fungicides are one major management tool, further study of different active ingredients against both diseases should also consider sustainable integrated management.
Highlights:
The intensity of late leaf spot and peanut smut was strongly associated with location.
The use of chemical treatments proved effective in controlling late leaf spot.
Peanut smut was not managed thought fungicides.
It is possible to manage peanut late leaf spot using fungicides with a lower environmental impact
Entrevista con Erick Torrico Villanueva: "Es necesario restituir a la comunicación como condición constitutiva de lo humano"
No full textEntrevista Erick Torrico Villanueva