Online Publishing @ NISCAIR
Not a member yet
6870 research outputs found
Sort by
Study on elemental analysis, pesticides, antioxidant, marker compound and validation of conversion of Ajmodadi Churna, an Ayurvedic formulation into suitable dosage form
Get PDFWith the change in the present scenario of globalization, the importance of standardization of traditional formulation has been more stressed out than before. The major objective of this study was the development of an analytical method for the estimation of some important constituent, pesticides, elemental study of the formulation anti-oxidant activity and to study the effect of conversion of churna to granules of in-house and marketed samples. So, a suitable plan was designed to get comprehensive standardization of this formulation Ajmodadi churna. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of the conversion of Ajmodadi churna in granules form and estimation of piperine: cucalyptol, caryophyllene, and eugenol were done using HPTLC, these constituents have an important role in the activity. Eugenol and Eucalyptol were found more in sample A. Our results demonstrate that Piperine was found more in sample B. A study on pesticide residue was done by the TLC method. None of the samples showed the presence of pesticide in the solvent system. Elements are toxic for the body so its determination is also important for the formulation. The micromeritic properties of prepared granules were also studied. The granules showed better flow property than the powders. Antioxidant activity in different samples was observed. Sample A (in-house formulation) showed better antioxidant activity than sample B (marketed formulation). Superior results are seen from the conducted experiments. Importantly, our results provide evidence for a new approach that could also be useful for the standardization of ayurvedic formulation using modern techniques.
Synthesis, theoretical studies and viscosity correlations of ricinoleic acid based methyl ester soap solution
Get PDFThe use of vegetable oils for industrial applications needs chemical modification to improve its properties. For coolants and lubricant applications, the viscosity of vegetable oils plays a vital role which decides the heat dissipation and flow characteristics of vegetable oils. In this study, the viscosity prediction modeling of binary mixtures has been made using refutes empirical relations. The blend viscosity from the model depends on the blend ratios of the unsaturated fatty acids in castor oil and methanol. This blending of castor oil and methanol follows KOH assisted transesterification process to form Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) soap solution. The transesterified blend mixes have been experimentally analyzed for viscosity using Brookfield viscometer. The measured values of viscosities of the blend mix have been compared with viscosities obtained from refutes binary blend mix model. The percentage deviation between the experimental viscosities and Refutes viscosity prediction model is about 10.76%. The prepared FAME soap solution can be used as coolants and lubricants in manufacturing industries
The Weakening of Pharmaceutical Method Patents: The Federal Circuit Addresses the ‘FDA Conundrum’
Get PDFThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has strict requirements for generic drugs. These requirements may prevent a generic manufacturer from altering a drug product to unequivocally avoid patent infringement, and may also require a generic manufacturer to use a patented method for quality control purposes. We call these situations the “FDA conundrum.” While Congress and the FDA desire to have generic drugs enter the market as soon as possible, the requirements it imposes raise issues of patent infringement that often take years to resolve. The Federal Circuit addressed these issues in the last year, in three separate cases: Momenta v. Amphastar, AstraZeneca v. Apotex, and Bayer Schering Pharma AG v. Lupin
Pongamol from the seeds of Tephrosia purpurea exert anti-cancer activity against cervical cancer cell line
Get PDFTephrosia purpurea belongs to the family Fabaceae, is used for the treatment of inflammation, diabetes, cancer, elephantitis, haemmaroids, anaemia, dysmenorrhea, chronic fever, boils, gingivitis etc. In the present study, three compounds (TP-1, TP-3 and TP-5) were isolated from EETP. Quantity of TP-3 (6.05 %) in EETP was determined by HPLC. In-vitro anti-cancer activity of EETP and isolated compound TP-3 on SiHa cells (cervical cancer cell lines) as well as PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5- di methyl thiazol -2-yl)-2,5-di phenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Spectroscopic analysis and physical properties, structure of isolated compounds TP-1, TP-3 and TP-5 were characterized as teclenone, pongamol and β-sitosterol respectively. Isolated compound TP-3 showed cytotoxicity against SiHa cells with the IC50 33.06 µgmL-1. TP-3 showed cytotoxicity at all the concentrations but significant activity was observed at the concentration range from 20-50 µgmL-1 as compared to control. Maximum cytotoxicity (72.75%) was observed at the concentration of 50 µgmL-1. TP-3 showed non-significant cytotoxicity against PBMCs cells at all the concentrations except at 50 µgmL-1 (cytotoxicity 24.19%). EETP showed significant cytotoxic activity (IC50 value 113.63 µgmL-1) against SiHa cells at the concentration range from 75-150 µgmL-1 as compared to control. Maximum cytotoxicity (75.34%) was observed at the concentration of 150 µgmL-1
Traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of vitiligo in Udhampur, J&K, India
No full textThe present study was conducted in Udhampur district of J&K, India to document the traditional knowledge regarding the treatment of vitiligo. Information was collected through questionnaires and interviews from 83 informants. Use–value (UV) and disease consensus index (DCI) were calculated to evaluate the plant knowledge and the degree of consensus for a remedy, respectively. A total of 65 plants from 42 families and 61 genera were reported by the informants. The most number of plants used for curing vitiligo belonged to families Asteraceae, Rutaceae, Fabaceae and Lamiaceae. Invariably, all these families are rich source of psoralen used in photochemotherapy of skin disorders. The most used life–form were herbs (49.2%) and trees (36.9%) easily accessible to the patient from the nearby wild (58.5%). The prominently used (high DCI) plants for curing vitiligo were Psoralea corylifolia, Phyllanthus emblica, Ficus carica, Acacia catechu etc. As psoralen was the main component present in most of these species, pharmacological studies may further be carried out to verify the presence of psoralen and other phytochemicals present in these species used for curing vitiligo
Pharmacobotanical study of Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq. (Rubiaceae), a species known as toxic and medicinal
Get PDFPsychotria carthagenensis (Rubiaceae), popularly known as “erva-de-rato”, is known as poisonous, and its leaves are used as a constituent of “ayahuasca”. An anatomical study of its leaves was carried out to define parameters to support its taxonomy and quality control of ethnodrugs. Transverse and paradermic sections of petioles and leaf blades were made following the usual techniques of botanical anatomy. All semi-permanent laminas were then analyzed and photographed by light microscopy. Leaf blades were also studied with the support of the scanning electron microscope. Psychotria carthagenensis has hypostomatic epidermis, 1-2-stratified, in cross section, with three types of stomata (paracytic, anisocytic and anomocytic), and predominantly straight anticlinal cell walls, in frontal view, and glandular-peltate trichomes on both surfaces, the cuticle is smooth and thickened. The leaf edges are acute, mesophyll dorsiventral with the palisade parenchyma 1-seriate, and spongy parenchyma 4-seriate. The midrib is flat-convex with 4 bundles; petiole is semicircular with lateral projections with 9 vascular bundles. Midrib and petiole have collateral vascular system. Anisocytic and anomocytic stomata, glandular-peltate trichomes, petiole with the central bundle invaginate at the end, the syntopism of epicuticular waxes are distinctive parameters for P. carthagenensis, which support the standardization of its leaves used as medicines, in addition to contributing to the systematic of the Psychotria genus.
‘Rantak’: Perishing indigenous wisdom of cold arid Region of Ladakh
Get PDFThe present study done in four purposively selected villages of district Leh in the union territory of Ladakh documents the perishing indigenous technology of cold arid Ladakh, a water mill used to grind grains. The traditional water mill of this region, locally known as the ‘Rantak’ or ‘Churak’ is used for grinding grains of different crops and vegetables. Driven by fast moving water usually coming or made to come from a height, the Rantak serves the people in grinding cereals like barley, wheat, buckwheat and vegetables like pea, broad bean etc. The mill is made by the villagers having expertise in this by using locally available materials. Unfortunately with the passage of time, a few of them are left in the region and among those left many are non functional. The present generation does not know much about these. The indigenous wisdom of the people of the region is now perishing and the technology is on the verge of extinction
Gesture Recognition for Enhancing Human Computer Interaction
Get PDFGesture recognition is critical in human-computer communication. As observed, a plethora of current technological developments are in the works, including biometric authentication, which we see all the time in our smartphones. Hand gesture focus, a frequent human-computer interface in which we manage our devices by presenting our hands in front of a webcam, can benefit people of different backgrounds. Some of the efforts in human-computer interface include voice assistance and virtual mouse implementation with voice commands, fingertip recognition and hand motion tracking based on an image in a live video. Human Computer Interaction (HCI), particularly vision-based gesture and object recognition, is becoming increasingly important. Hence, we focused to design and develop a system for monitoring fingers using extreme learning-based hand gesture recognition techniques. Extreme learning helps in quickly interpreting the hand gestures with improved accuracy which would be a highly useful in the domains like healthcare, financial transactions and global busines
Singular fractional technique for free convective Casson hybrid nanofluid with optically thick medium and shape effects
Get PDFThe transmission of heat in a time-dependent flow of a viscid non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid comprising magnetite and copper oxide nanoparticles persuaded by an upright plate has been explored in regards to the effect of heat radiation and nanoparticle shape factors. The fluid flow phenomenon of the problem is constructed using the derivative of the Caputo fractional order 0 1. As a hybrid method, the dimensionless governing fractional partial differential equation was solved analytically using transforms such as Laplace and Fourier sine. With the Mittag-Leffler function, analytical solutions are achieved for fluid flow, energy distribution, rate of heat transmission, and shear stress. Moreover, limit-case solutions for classical PDEs were given for the derived governing flow model. Graphical depictions, tables, and bar graphs are constructed using "MATLAB" for a thorough examination of the problem. The graphical findings suggest that the efficiency of hybrid nanofluids is substantially better with the Caputofractional order approach than with ordinary derivatives. Finally, a comparison with existing literature results is performed and determined to be good