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Automatic extraction of significant terms from the title and abstract of scientific papers using the machine learning algorithm: A multiple module approach
Get PDFKeyword extraction is the task of identifying important terms or phrase that are most representative of the sourcedocument. Although the process of automatic extraction of keywords from title is an old method, it was mainly forextraction from a single web document. Our approach differs from previous research works on keyword extraction in severalaspects. For those who are non-expert of the scientific fields, understating scientific research trends is difficult. The purposeof this study is to develop an automatic method of obtaining overviews of a scientific field for non-experts by capturingresearch trends. This empirical study excavates significant term extraction using Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools.More than 15000 titles saved in a .csv file was our dataset and scripts written in Python were our process to compare how farsignificant terms of scientific title corpus are similar or different to the terms available in the abstract of that same scientificarticle corpus. A light-weight unsupervised title extractor, Yet Another Keyword Extractor (YAKE) was used to extract theresults. Based on our analysis, it can be concluded that these algorithms can be used for other fields too by the non-expertsof that subject field to perform automatic extraction of significant words and understanding trends. Our algorithm could be asolution to reduce the labour-intensive manual indexing process
Comparison study of COD adsorption on bentonite-based nanocomposite materials in landfill leachate treatment: Characterization, Isotherms, Kinetics and Regeneration
Get PDFThe COD removal from landfill leachate using bentonite-based nanocomposites prepared using different modifiers has been investigated. Different techniques including FE-SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA and Zeta potential have been utilized for characterization of nanocomposites (NCs). The independent variables includingNCs dose, pH and contact time are studied for COD removal efficiency. The optimal values are obtained to be a NCs dose of 40 g/L, pH of 3.00, and a contact time of 20 min for maximized COD removal efficiencies of 67.90, 71.30 and 52.00% using Arg/CTS-BEN, H/CTS-BEN and CTSBEN NCs, respectively. Kinetics studies fitted well with the pseudo-second order model with rate constants of 25.64, 28.65 and 25.00 mg/g by H/CTS-BEN, Arg/CTS-BEN and CTS-BEN NCs, respectively. The adsorption of the COD is well described by Langmuir equations (R2 0.99). Results show that the synthesized NCs is promising and efficient in purifying landfill leachate
The Court of Justice Recasts the EU Patent Term Extension System
Get PDFA legal framework providing for de facto patent term extension for pharmaceuticals has existed in the EU for over twenty years and a parallel one for agrochemicals for nearly fifteen. One might therefore be forgiven for thinking that by now the major features of this system were fairly well settled. However, the commercial importance of the products that it protects, being high value products in regulated sectors that have succeeded in securing a marketing authorisation, has meant that the system has attracted a disproportionate amount of litigation. The means by which such extension is achieved - the Supplementary Protection Certificate regime, and which combines concepts from both patent and regulatory law – is a matter of EU law and so is ultimately interpreted by a body – the Court of Justice of the EU – whose recent judgments in this field have upset settled expectations. The consequences of these judgments are still being worked through in the case law, but their origins lie in certain decisions made by national courts. This article traces how this situation came about and identifies some of the uncertainties that remain in the system
Intellectual Property Paradoxes in Developing Countries: The Case of Software IP Protection in Iran
Get PDFIn the context of developing countries, scholars have started to report at least two paradoxical phenomena related to IP protection: (1) weak appropriability regime despite having fairly good IP laws and regulations, and (2) increased demand for IPRs despite weaknesses of IP system. Beyond these paradoxes, prior research still suffers in varying degree from two common flows: (a) it seemed they either considered de jure or de facto IP laws, but not both, and (b) they do not represent all developing countries, being mostly focused on China, and they are mostly non-empirical. This paper aims at addressing these gaps by exploring both de jure and de facto software IP protection in Iran as a less-researched developing country. We look at de jure software IP protection and, then, empirically investigate the de facto software IP protection in the country. Our results show that despite having multiple legal mechanisms for protecting software innovations, Iranian software IP developers do not consider the protection offered as effective. However, paradoxically, a vast majority of surveyed software innovators had applied for various available IP rights
Ethnobotanical study on the medicinal plants in the Manyas province (Balıkesir, Turkey)
Get PDFThe variation in geology, land forms and climate in Anatolia has led to huge plant diversity. This study performed to provide a comprehensive documentation on ethnomedicinal herbs and traditional knowledge in Manyas (Balıkesir) province. Ethnobotanical records were documented using structured and semi-structured interviews (n=115) and focus group discussions (n=17) with key informants. The informant consensus factor (IFC) and use value (UV) were calculated to see the relative importance of species known. Seventy-five medicinal herbs belonging to 69 genera and 40 family used as treatment of human diseases were recorded. Among these taxa, 61 species were wild and 14 species were recorded as cultivated plant. It is revealed that the most frequently used ethnomedicinal plant families were Lamiaceae (>13%), Asteraceae (>12%), Rosaceae (>8%); the most frequently used preparations methods were infusion and decoction. A total of 122 ethnomedicinal practices were recorded. The traditional herbs have been commonly used for the cure of respiratory system disorders (18%), gastro-intestinal complaints such as ulcers and stomachache abdominal pain (13%), wounds and cut (11%), diabetes (7%), hemorrhoids (5%), heart and vascular disorders (4%). The present study showed that the area was rich in medicinal plant knowledge. The traditional knowledge reported by the indigenous people of Manyas region is valuable for further research and protected ethnobotanical heritage.
Anti-Diabetic and Anti-oxidant Activities of Devdarvadyarishta in StreptozotocinInduced Diabetic Rats
Get PDFDevdarvadyarishta is a honey based medicated alcoholic formulation that has been documented to elicit hypoglycemic activity in Ayurvedic lexicon. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant effect of Devdarvadyarishta in STZ induced Type II diabetic rats. 24 Wistar albino rats were distributed into four groups with six animals in each group viz., Group I (Normal Control Group), Group II (Diabetic control group), group III (Standard drug Glibenclamide at 10 mg/kg of body weight), group IV (Devdarvadyarishta at 2000 mg/kg of body weight). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ at dose level of 35 mg/kg. The whole study was conducted for 30 days. Changes in parameters like body weight, blood glucose, blood urea, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, insulin, alkaline phosphatase, oral glucose tolerance test and liver anti-oxidant parameters viz., superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione were recorded. Histopathology of liver and pancreas was also done. Result showed significant improvement in parameters like body weight, lipid profile, blood glucose, serum creatinine, insulin and alkaline phosphatase which were almost analogous to potent antidiabetic drug glibenclamide. Histopathological studies reinforce the healing of pancreas by increase in pancreatic islet numbers and size, amelioration in atrophy, well-rejuvenated normal cellular arrangement and reduced necrosis with normal blood vessels in liver by test drug as a possible mechanism of its antidiabetic and anti-oxidant activity our study suggests that Devdarvadyarishta suppresses the symptoms of diabetes and diabetes related oxidative stress in animal study.
Entomophagy practices among the primitive tribes inhabiting the Nilgiris district of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, South India
Get PDFInsects have been a traditional food among the people of various countries including India. The Nilgiris district of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu a recognised biodiversity hotspot in South India, has six different inhabitant primitive tribes namely Todas, Kotas, Kurumbas, Irulas, Paniyas and Kattunayakans, whose insect eating habit and their traditional knowledge on collection, processing and cooking of edible insects have been documented in this study. Eight species of insects viz., Apis dorsata, Apis cerana, Apis florea, Trigona sp., Oecophylla smaragdina, Vespa affinis and Odontotermes sp. belonging to five families under two orders (Hymenoptera and Isoptera) have been recorded to be used as food. The use value of insects have been calculated and inferred that honey bee broods were widely eaten. Their entomophagy habit varies geographically where the members of Kurumba and Kattunayakan tribes residing in the Gudalur and Pandalur taluks were found to consume more insect species than the other tribes. Insects were eaten raw or roasted or cooked with the vegetables. The respondents are also aware of the therapeutic values and health benefits of insects they consume, however various factors including modernization and availability of alternate foods causes decline of insect foods.
Assessment of dermal toxicity of mustard oil based formulation of Nerium indicum Mill.
Get PDFNerium indicum Mill. with red flowers belong to family Apocynaceae is considered as botanical source of Rakta Karavira drug of Upavisha (semi-poisonous) category of Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. Till date Rakta Karavira Taila (mustard oil based formulation of root bark of Rakta Karavira) has not been evaluated pharmacologically. In present study, acute and repeated dose 28 day dermal toxicity studies of Rakta Karavira Taila was carried out in Charles foster albino rats. Acute dermal toxicity study was assessed at a single dermal application of drug at limit dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight of rats and observed for fourteen consecutive days. The repeated dose 28-day dermal toxicity study was assessed on repeated dermal applications at limit dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight of rats for 28 days consecutive days as per OECD guideline. The test medication was applied equally over a region covering rats body surface area of about 10%. Effects on body weight, haematological, ponderal changes, biochemical, and histological studies were used to evaluate the toxicity of the Rakta Karavira Taila. No mortality and toxicity were observed on single dermal application at limit dose level of 2000 mg/kg in acute dermal toxicity study. On repeated dermal applications of Rakta Karavira Taila at limit dose of 1000 mg/kg, showed statistically significant decrease in weight of testes, increase in WBC and platelet count while rest of hematological and biochemical parameters are not affected in comparison to control group. Histopathological study showed inflammation and fatty degenerative changes in liver and kidney, degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules and decrease in spermatogenesis in drug administered group. Medicated oil prepared out of root bark of Nerium indicum with red flower with mustard oil has potential to produce adverse effect particularly on male reproductive system therefore, should not be used for longer duration at higher dose level.
Traditional rice-husking technology of the Kukis of Manipur, India
Get PDFThe traditional method of rice husking remains one of the indispensable household activities of the indigenous Kuki people living in the remote areas of Northeast India in general and Manipur in particular. Their husking technologies include hand-operated mortar and pestle (sum leh suh-tum), leg-operated husking lever (chot-lep) and water-operated husking lever (tui-sum). They have been using these technologies for pounding different kinds of foodgrains since time immemorial. However, with the introduction of modern rice mills, traditional methods of husking have been drastically reduced. Currently, traditional husking technologies remain in use only in those remote areas where there is no modern rice mill facility. Mortar-pestle is the most common traditional husking technology when compared to leg-operated and water-operated husking technologies. The present ethnographic study was conducted in four hill districts of Manipur, namely- Kangpokpi, Noney, Churachandpur, and Kamjong. This paper studies the age-old traditional rice-husking technologies of the Kukis by mainly focusing on the raw material procurement, manufacturing process, use, maintenance, and discard patterns.
Allosteric modulation on specific gene mutated Vitamin D receptor by essential PUFAs and its distinct molecular effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus
Get PDFA serious health threat affecting the T2DM group is evident more cases T2DM are diagnosed. In this research, we choose to research into all of this possible mechanism of 3T3-L1 Cell lines and Molecular Docking studies Schrodinger software identified Vitamin D, Omega-3, and 6 PUFAs (EPA DHA & AA) Compounds of hydrophilic and hydrophobic pocket throughout molecular modeling besides T2DM. A group of three analog VDRs is being developed for discovery treatment with T2DM. Its use as it was agreed to run a molecular cell culture and docking study. Recognize the binding method involving the compound in T2DM through ADME prediction. The molecular dynamics simulation was enhanced by confirmation of the strength of the possible composite binding. Based on the computational results, the Omega-3 and 6 PUFAs compound encourages energy interaction. The composite contains an in vitro anti-diabetic activity; the compounds have clearly shown that they are active on T2DM. Our studies provide vital information on the findings of the bimolecular T2DM inhibitors