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Increasing the Efficiency Significantly of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells based on ZnO Nanomaterial Photoanode by Doping Titanium
Get PDFThis work was conducted for fabrication of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) based on ZnO nanomaterials asphotoanode and Titanium (Ti) as a dopant material. The aims of this research are to see the effect of adding Ti to ZnOmaterials on optical, structural, morphological properties and on the efficiency of DSSC based on ZnO. The novelty of thiswork is the tunable properties of ZnO by varying Ti concentration (0.02 M, 0.04 M and 0.06 M). The properties of ZnOhave been analyzed using spectroscopy UV-Vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray(EDX). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the DSSC was recorded from0.58% to 2.19
miR-145-5p and miR-203a-5p overcome imatinib resistance in myelogenous leukemic cells through metabolic reprogramming
Get PDFImatinib is the most effective therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but many patients eventually develop resistance to it after an initial satisfactory response. This study investigated the potential of three miRNAs (miR-106b-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-203a-5p) in overcoming imatinib resistance in leukemic cells. The imatinib-resistant K562 (IR-K562) cells were developed and transfected with one of the three miRNAs to evaluate their potency in overcoming imatinib resistance. The changes in the metabolic profile were studied using flux balance analysis (FBA) and the data was validated using qRT-PCR.Among the three miRNAs, the ectopic expression of either miR-145-5p or miR-203a-5p was able to sensitize the IR-K562 cells to imatinib. The concentration of key oncometabolites; glucose, lactate, and glutamine, in the culture media of the miR-transfected IR-K562 cells, reverted to the same levels as seen in imatinib-sensitive K562 cells. In addition, the FBA analysis revealed that the metabolism of lipid, fatty acids, and electron transport chain were significantly altered in resistant cells. The FBA data was also validated at the molecular level. Interestingly, the imatinib treatment coupled with the transfection of miR-145-5p or miR-203a-5p cells could reverse the metabolic flux of IR-K562 to the levels seen in imatinib-sensitive K562 cells. This study highlights the key metabolic changes that occur during development of imatinib resistance. It also identifies the specific miRNAs which can be targeted to overcome imatinib resistance in CML
Waste Tyre Recycling: potential applications with a focus on permeable pavements
No full textIncreasing urbanization and development of automobile industry have given rise to an increase in global tyre waste generation. In Australia, it is estimated that around 450,000 tonnes of tyres reach their end-of-life annually and a large percentage of it is disposed to landfill or on-site burial or is stockpiled. This poses a significant environmental and safety risk, since such sites act as a breeding ground for pests and present a significant fire hazard. Hence it is essential to increase the recycling of this hazardous waste. This paper presents a review of the recycling of end-of-life tyres (EOLT) in Australia to produce tyre-derived products (TDPs), which traditionally has been based on mechanical recycling methods (using a series of shredders, screens, and granulators). Key TDPs from Australian tyre recovery include shredded tyres, crumb rubber and baled tyres. There is currently an emerging market in Australia for chemical recycling of tyres, which are typically based on pyrolysis and gasification processes. The produced TDPs have a variety of applications, with key most productive markets being that for crumb rubber in road sprayed seals and rubber granules in soft-fall surfaces and rubber matting in playgrounds and so on. There is a strong emerging market for rubberized concrete, which can be used as lightweight fill and as a drainage medium in landfills. New processing technologies like tyre pyrolysis to generate oil and tyre-derived fuel and also strongly emerging technologies. With a strong push for sustainable design initiatives, TDPs are also being used in permeable pavements, a water sensitive design strategy that is gaining popularity in Australia
Effect of combination treatment of protocatechuic acid with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin on colon cancer Caco-2 cell line
Get PDFAmong the most common antitumor drugs used in the treatment of colon cancer are 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (5-FU and OXA). However, both these drugs have many side effects, and hence there is a need for new treatment\approach to reduce the side effects aas well as drug concentration. In this context, here, we investigated the effect of addition of protocatechuic acid (PCA) onto either monotherapies or combination therapies of 5-FU and OXA on the human colon cancer (Caco-2) cell line. In addition, we did evaluate the synergistic effect of PCA with 5-FU and OXA. Further, we determined the suppressive effects of different doses of PCA alone or in combination with 5-FU/OXA on cell proliferation after 24 and 48 hours. We identified a suppressive effect of PCA on cell viability at 48 h starting from the dose of 50 µM Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 gene expression levels and apoptotic effects showed significant increases and decreases depending on the dose and time applied in the experimental groups. The highest synergistic activity was seen at 2:1 concentration of 5-FU+ PCA. Our findings indicate the presence of the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of PCA in Caco-2 cells at 48 h, increasing with a dose- and time-dependent manner
Impact of titania phase structure and surface reactivity on the photocatalytic degradation of various dyes and textile wastewater
Get PDFTitania (TiO2) powders have been prepared by precipitation method in different precipitation media which contain sulfate, nitrate or organic species. Photocatalytic degradation of different dyes and a real textile wastewater have been conducted with these powders along with commercial powder Degussa P25 for comparison. Ethyl alcohol (organic medium), sulfuric acid (sulfate medium) and nitric acid (nitrate medium) have been used to dissolve titanium precursor for the precipitation of TiO2 in ammonia solution. UV-Vis DRS and XPS results indicate that S doping in sulfate medium precipitated powder and N doping in nitrate medium precipitated powder has been occurred and the presence of S or N containing impurities on the grain boundaries have been improved light absorption of TiO2 significantly. However, these powders have exhibited low surface reactivities. The highest surface reactivity has been obtained with the powder precipitated in organic medium which also has the highest crystallite sizes (76 nm rutile and 34 nm anatase crystallites) with relatively low rutile weight percentage (10.0%). The surface-normalized rate constants of this powder are 0.02038 min-1.m-2 in real textile wastewater degradation and 0.0161 min-1.m-2 in methyl orange degradation, which are 0.01563 and 0.0091 min-1.m-2, respectively, for Degussa P25. Results have shown that this powder show 30-70% higher surface reactivities compared to Degussa P25. The main structural difference of organic medium precipitated powder and Degussa P25 has been found to be the anatase-rutile weight ratio and crystallite size of rutile phase whereas band gap energy of Degussa P25 is lower and other properties are not significantly different
Network pharmacology and molecular docking study of the active ingredients in Saptasaram kashayam for the treatment of Polycystic ovary syndrome
Get PDFPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age characterized by hyperandrogenism (HA). Current treatment options for PCOS are either with adverse effects or ineffective. Saptasaram kashayam (SK), an ayurvedic formulation is often been a safe traditional alternative medicine to improve the PCOS symptoms as well as its pathological development. However, its principle phytoconstituents or underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. In order to achieve this, the current study systematically utilized computational tools, network pharmacology approaches and molecular docking studies. All identified phytoconstituents of SK were screened by QikProp ADME prediction and 47 were selected based on oral bioavailability and drug likeliness scores. Their 3D structures were submitted to three online target fishing webservers PharmMapper, ChemMapper and Swiss Target Prediction which produced 1084 biological targets for SK comprehensively. 350 known PCOS therapeutic targets were retreived as common targets from three different interrogative disease centric bioinformatic platforms DisGeNET, OMIM and GeneCards. Intersection of 1084 biological targets of SK and 350 PCOS therapeutic targets produced, 88 potential therapeutic targets of SK against PCOS. STRING PPI and Compound-Target-Pathway networks were constructed and analysed using Cytoscape software. GO & KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID database. 15 PCOS therapeutic target proteins were short listed from network analysis report- PIK3CA, PDPK1, AKT1, PIK3R1, STAT3, MAPK1, MAPK3, EGFR, AR, ESR1, ESR2, SHGB, NOS3, F2 & CREBBP. Targets that were likely to be inhibited/modulated by SK for treatment of PCOS were docked against the screened phytoconstituents and their respective standard inhibitors using GLIDE-SP of Schrodinger suite, Maestro version- 13.0. Results showed that Quercetin, Catechin, Boeravinone J, Genistein, Protocatechuic Acid, Gentisic Acid, Xanthoarnol, Luteolin, Boeravinone F, Tyrosine, Kaempferol, Dalbergioidin, etc exhibited good binding affinities when compared to standard drugs and might be responsible for synergistic/additive protective effect of SK against PCOS. Meanwhile PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Prolactin signaling pathway, AGE-RAG diabetic complications, HIF-1 signaling pathway and Estrogen signaling pathway were found to be involving the hub genes of interest and in this way, they might be intervened during treatment of PCOS by SK. Present study succeeded in identifying the drug like principle phytoconstituents, probable PCOS therapeutic targets and the underlying molecular mechanism of SK apart from providing reliable evidence for therapeutic potential of SK against PCOS. However further validation by in vitro and in vivo investigations is necessary
A comprehensive review of the development of nano-bio adsorbents for the separation of heavy metals from wastewater
Get PDFThe need for water is growing, and this has made wastewater treatment necessary. Although it requires an expensive material, the commercial adsorbent is widely utilized in the industry for the treatment of wastewater. The demand for a method that could successfully and safely remove heavy metal ions from contamination. The amount of wastewater has grown recently. The formation of low-cost substitutes that are economically feasible for the treatment of various types of wastewater has been the major goal of this review paper. Therefore, it is imperative to assess all potential sources of natural adsorbents with high-capacity adsorption at a reasonable cost. Despite financial limitations, cost-effective and efficient methods must be provided to control the wastewater treatment process. Adsorption is regularly employed because of its adaptability in both design and operation, reversibility, affordability, and favorable outcomes. However, it appears that choosing the right and environmentally sound adsorbents for heavy metal removal is becoming ever more important. This review makes an effort to give a thorough overview of various modified adsorbents, their efficiency, and nanobio composites. The nanobiomaterial has demonstrated remarkable attention for the reduction of these heavy metals from wastewater
Feasible pathways for the multi-dimensional synthesis of carboxylic acid from benzo-pyrone methyl ketone
Get PDF3-Acetyl coumarin derivatives are the key synthons to the numerous numbers of heterocyclic compound syntheses. Due to the wide spectrum applications of benzopyran derivatives in pharma, research, food technology and material science there is a multitude number of methodologies feasible to synthesize benzo pyrone heterocyclic derivatives. This article articulates the synthesis and molecular structure confirmation of oxidative product starting from methyl ketone compound by haloform reaction. Design of benign path ways for instance room temperature, reflux conditions and water bath mediated synthesis of desired compounds in expected yields is the foremost intent of the article. Solvent and catalyst optimization studies were carried to elevate the product yield and to precede the reaction in sustainable way. Furthermore compounds are confirmed by spectroscopic analytical methods such as 1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR and HRMS spectroscopy. This article paves the way to researchers to explore these analogues to explore disparate medicinal applications
IoT based Siddha diagnosis for human health monitoring
Get PDFIn Siddha, the process of diagnosis is completely related to physical and clinical metrics of the human body. The art of diagnosing and the prognosis are conveyed by the siddhars by using silk or twine thread, which is an ancient technique followed till now to diagnose diseases in human. This paper proposes an IoT based automated device to detect the disease using siddha methodologies. The aim is to design a novel non-invasive device to identify human health problems using the carpus (wrist) circummetric sign. This device is developed and integrated on the basis of IoT platform for real time usage. It determines the wrist circummetric sign, condition of person health to be measured automatically using IR sensor, color sensor, actuators. Here, we inbuilt the embedded IoT system for validating the accurate results for better performance and display the output results in mobile through MQTT dashboard. This developed human health monitoring device can be used for diagnosing human physiological based parameters related to siddha which is termed as Manikadainool. Results proved that this device can predict the wrist parameters for Manikadainool in accurate and efficient manner