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Traditional cultivation and management practices of agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) in Golaghat district of Assam
Get PDFA few plant species of the Thymelaeceae family are highly valuable and demanding because it contains resinous oil in their stem, branches, and roots. Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) is one of them, which is found primarily in Assam and adjoining region of North Eastern parts of India as well as in other countries of South and South East India. In Assam, the plant is profusely cultivated in Golaghat, Jorhat and Sivasagar districts. Naturally, stem of the older plant is infected by fungal consortia via the holes made by stem borer. The blackish infection appears inside the stem along the line of the borer tunnel and valuable resinous oil can be extracted through water distillation from the black, infected wood. The agar oil has great demand in international market and is used in manufacturing perfume, incense stick, fragrant smoke, and pharmaceuticals industry. Since ancient time, people of this region have been cultivating Aquilaria with the methods adopted from traditional knowledge and found better success of infection and oil yield. Documentation of this traditional knowledge of Aquilaria malaccensis is of significant importance for promoting its cultivation among the people of this region before the knowledge is lost forever. The knowledge will also be useful for developing scientific method of commercial cultivation of this perennial tree. In this paper, we are discussing the traditional method of cultivation of Aquilaria malaccensis including seedling preparation, cultivation, intercropping and management practices. Agar is propagated through seeds for growing healthy seedlings; and cultivation practices of the plant are of utmost concern for harvesting valuable oil. Extensive field survey has been conducted at Golaghat district of Assam, India to document the method of cultivation and management practices of the plant. The results obtained from the field study were analyzed and interpreted for understanding the importance of this traditional cultivation practice.
Collaborative authorship patterns in computer science publications
Get PDFBased on the analysis of data we observe that the share of single-authored papers was significantly high in theoreticalcomputer science, while collaborative efforts dominate computer science system research like PL, AI, ML, etc.Collaborative authorship is higher in journals over conferences. Further, values of collaborative indicators are also high forjournals except for the Machine Learning (ML) subfield. In addition, the author distribution patterns are different forconferences and journals. The findings also exhibited diversity in authorship trends across sub-fields of CS research. Ourresults show collaboration trends in conferences and journals of major CS subfields. Such collaborative patterns benefit thefunding agency, policymakers, scientific community, and researchers to plan and execute their research
Spectral characterizations, Hirshfeld surface analysis and molecular docking studies of new novel NLO 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one
Get PDFThe molecular structure of the compound, spectroscopic investigations (FT-IR, FT-Raman, and NMR) and the frontier energy level analysis of 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (DMP3H), have been all examined using density functional theory (DFT) methods. Comparisons are made between predicted DFT geometrical parameters and experimental values and also the same performed between the theoretical vibrational wavenumbers and observed data. Chemical reactivity of DMP3H has been studied using DFT/PBEPBE approach that includes frontier orbital energies, optical characteristics and chemical descriptors. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity of the bioactive ligand has been checked against human cancer cell lines A549 and MCF-7 in vitro by the MTT assay. Hence, the docking and in vitro activity against cancer cell lines display positive results and the present ligand performance appears to be a promising way for anticancer agents with better efficacy
Amalgamation of copper nanoparticles of assorted size using Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) leaf and its bioelectrical assay
Get PDFThere are several potential uses for green nanoparticle amalgamated in the medicinal and environmental sciences. Green synthesis specifically tries to reduce the use of harmful chemicals. For instance, it is often acceptable to employ organic resources like plants. In a single green synthesis step, biomolecules found in plant extract may transform metal ions into nanoparticles. This naturally occurring conversion of a metal ion to a base metal may be carried out quickly, conveniently, and at ambient temperature and pressure. In the current study, the production of CuNPs utilizing different-sized Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract has been reported. In order to determine how CuNPs generated, several techniques including UV-Visible, XRD, SEM, EDAX, FTIR, and cyclic voltammetry studies were used. The UV-Visible spectra of the amalgamated CuNPs show a peak between 250 and 450 nm. The morphology of CuNPs are spike in shapes with sizes of 33nm for 10mM and 25nm for 50mM, and the nanoparticles are crystalline in nature, according to the XRD and SEM examinations. The amalgamated CuNPs contain 37.55% copper, according to EDAX, and FTIR shows the absorption peak of copper at 1640 and 576 cm-1.The oxidation and reduction of amalgamated CuNPs are visible by cyclic voltammetry. CuNPs have been put to the test against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for their antibacterial properties. CuNPs show the greatest zone of inhibition when used against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans have been used as test subjects for the antifungal testing of CuNPs. The CuNPs against Candida albicans show the largest zone of inhibition. CuNPs demonstrate strong antibacterial and antifungal efficacy, which means they have a considerable potential for application in the development of medications used to treat bacterial and fungal infections. The electrical potential difference of amalgamated CuNPs has been measured using a voltmeter and it is found that as concentration rises, so does the electrical potential difference
Innovations in Indian Drug and Pharmaceutical Industry: Have they impacted Exports?
No full textThe paper examined the trends in exports, imports, R&D performance and patenting activity in the Indian drug and pharmaceutical industry for a period 2000-2012. Although most of the analysis is of descriptive nature drawing upon different databases, it also estimates the functional relationship between exports as dependent variable with patents granted and R&D expenditure as independent variable through OLS regression. The OLS model found that lagged R&D expenditure and lagged total patents granted affect exports positively and significantly due to innovations carried out across different drug classes and treatment categories. The Indian firms have also been found to be recording a relatively steady growth in patent filing except for Ranbaxy which has experienced a sharp decline in patent output after 2006 because of increasing cases of litigations for the infringement of patent rights of other pharma majors
Morphological characterisation of rice accessions of semi deep water ecology
Get PDFThe present investigation was carried out to evaluate the magnitude and nature of genetic variability of 569 rice germplasm accessions with semi deep water ecology, commonly known as asra, at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Karimganj, Assam Agricultural University, Assam (India). These accessions were recognised as having flood tolerant characteristics. The first five principal components explained approximately 76.71% of the total variation.Principal component analysis revealed that traits such as number of panicles per hill, spikelet fertility, days to 50% flowering, number of chaffs per panicle, and plant height were the principal discriminatory quantitative traits. It is recommended that the genetic variation prevailing in the assessed asra rice germplasm accessions can be efficiently utilised for the enhancement of the genetic gain. The divergent extreme phenotypes in the accession can also be utilised to develop the mapping population for the identification of quantitative trait loci for flood tolerance. The rice accessions were grouped into three different clusters for both quantitative and qualitative traits. The hybridization among the selected germplasm of different clusters is expected to produce the maximum number of transgressive segregants. This will lead to area expansion with higher productivity of this crop in predominantly flood prone areas
An open label hepatoprotective activity of Jawārish bisbāsā in central obesity patients
Get PDFLiver plays a major role in metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics. Liver dysfunction is a major health problem that challenges health care professionals, pharmaceutical industry and drug regulatory agencies. The most common symptoms are fatigue and discomfort in abdomen while in patients who are obese with BMI > 25, about one third have metabolic syndromes. The present clinical research was conducted in Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Aligarh. The patients under trial were selected from GOPD of institute for obesity and it was observed that out of total registered patients’ approx 28% have elevated liver enzymes from its normal range without any sign and symptom of hepatitis etc. Total 23 patients were selected from the study whose liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP) were high at the baseline. Unani pharmacopoeial drug Jawārish bisbāsā 7 g daily was prescribed with lukewarm water in the morning and evening empty stomach for 8 weeks. At the end of study the result were compared with base line. It was observed that Jawārish bisbāsā significantly reduced the liver enzymes, e.g. SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline Phosphatase in comparison to baseline values. It may be concluded that Jawārish bisbāsā showed hepatoprotective effect in this clinical study.
Optimization of the Stirring Parameters of AZ91Mg-based Stir Casted Hybrid Composites using Taguchi and ANN
Get PDFIn the current research, the fabricated Mg hybrid composites amalgamate with the vacuum-based squeezed stir casting process having TiC and Al2O3 reinforcement’s in which AZ91Mg-alloy is the base material. The study includes the processing parameters of the vacuum-based squeezed stir casting method (such as stirring time, stirrer depth, and stirring speed) that have been varied and then investigates their influential effect by using the L16 orthogonal Taguchi approach. By considering these parameters, the tribo-mechanical properties are also optimized like porosity, ultimate strength, and rate of wear loss of Mg-hybrid composites. The result reveals a significant association between processing parameters and optimized tribo-mechanical properties. The results signify that the processing parameters are best optimized at processing parameters of 500 rpm of stirring speed, 5 min of stirring time, and 50 mm of stirrer depth and the optimized tribo-mechanical properties are 0.4% porosity, 245 MPa of ultimate strength, and 0.0011 mm3 per min is the loss of wear rate. However, the ANOVA results contribute that the stirrer depth has the most significant processing parameter compared to other optimized parameters. This research also includes an artificially designed networking model which validates the designated set of empirical data. Thus due to their suitability for abrasion wear AZ91-hybrid composite gives a new divergence towards the designing parts of minuscule airplanes used in surveillance applications such as ailerons and wing flaps
A Historical Review of Electrode Materials and Electrolytes for Electrochemical Double Layer Supercapacitors and Pseudocapacitors
Get PDFThe supercapacitor is one of the most promising alternatives to other popular energy storage solutions, viz., rechargeablebatteries and capacitors. They are considered the bridge between batteries (high energy density) and capacitors (high powerdensity) because of their fast charge/discharge capacity, high specific power/energy, and good service-life, which makethem the most promising candidate for future energy storage/redistribution systems as well as hybrid electric vehicles. In thepast, much progress has occurred in electrode materials, electrode architecture, electrolytes, separators, and deviceconfiguration. This review article discusse the basics of electrochemical super capacitors, storage principal, deviceconfiguration, electrode materials, and electrolytes, including the coverage of the comprehensive literature account of theadvancements in the area; and, finally, the discussion on technological challenges in the development of commerciallyviable next-gen supercapacitor devices
Vol 14, No 1 (2023): March 2023 (Special Issue)
No full textVol 14, No 1 (2023): March 2023 (Special Issue