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Supplementation of Madhuca longifolia Seed oil augments diclofenac-induced organ toxicities: A biochemical and histopathological approach
Get PDFDiclofenac medication has been extensively used for anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic actions. Its abiding usage and overdose have induced toxicity and harmful effects on the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. The research aims to scrutinize the protective effect of Madhuca longifolia seed oil against diclofenac-induced toxicity in female Wistar albino rats. A period of 10 days of study was aimed at 7 groups; Group 1 was assigned as normal control. Group 2 has been administered diclofenac (50 mg/kg b.w. /day, i.p.) only on the last two days of each study period. Group 3 and Group 4 have been pre-treated with 1 mL, and 2 mL of Madhuca longifolia seed oil, respectively, and diclofenac was induced as per Group 2. Group 5 was treated with the standard drug silymarin and diclofenac. Group 6 and Group 7 were given 1 mL and 2 mL of Madhuca longifolia seed oil alone. After the study period, parameters like liver enzyme markers, renal enzyme markers, and antioxidants were measured, and tissue samples were analyzed for histopathological changes. The results proved that pre-treatment of 1 mL of Madhuca longifolia seed oil has efficacy against diclofenac-induced toxicity
Effect of selenium against doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the brain of rats: Role of TRPM2 channel
Get PDFDoxorubicin (DOX) is widely used as an anticancer drug in humans' various solid and haematological tumours. Although many studies on the toxic effect of DOX are used in different organs, its impact on brain tissue has yet to be adequately studied. This study investigated the protective effect of selenium (Se) and the role of transient receptor potential melastatin‐2 (TRPM2) channel activation against brain damage caused by DOX administration. Sixty rats were randomly divided into the sham, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DOX, DOX + Se, DOX + N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (ACA), and DOX + Se + ACA groups. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1), and TRPM2 channel levels in brain tissues were measured by ELISA. In addition, a histopathological examination was performed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal areas, and the TRPM2 channel, NF-κB, and caspase-3 expression were determined immunohistochemically. The levels of ROS, PARP1 and TRPM2 channel in the DOX group were higher than in the sham and DMSO groups (P < 0.05). However, these parameters were decreased in the in DOX+Se and DOX+ACA groups by the treatments of Se and ACA (P < 0.05). Also, we determined that Se and ACA treatment decreased the NF-κB, caspase-3, and TRPM2 channel expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal areas in the DOX-induced rats. The data showed that Se and/or ACA administration together with DOX administration could be used as a protective agent against DOX-induced brain damage
Study of Coefficient of Friction and Springback Analysis of Brass in Bendingat Elevated Temperature Conditions
Get PDFIn the present work, finite element analysis is carried out for the minimization of springback in theV-bending process for high-strength brass sheet metal. Firstly, the uniaxial tensile test is conducted to determine the variousmaterial properties required for finite element analysis. The various test parameters considered in the V-Bending process aretemperature (573 K, 673 K and 773K), punch speeds (1 mm/min, 5 mm/min and 10 mm/min), holding time (30 s, 60 s and90 s) and sheet orientation concerning rolling direction RD (00), ND (450) and TD (900) for finite element analysis. Thebending under tension test is used to determine the coefficient of friction at different temperatures and lubricationconditions, and these values are implemented in finite element simulations of the V-bending process. Taguchi analysis iscarried out to determine springback of high-strength brass alloy by selecting four control factors (temperature, punch speed,holding time, and orientation). From the analysis of the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, it is reported that the temperature(46.93%) is the most significant parameter which influences the springback followed by holding time (26.29%), sheetorientation (24.07%) and punch speed (2.69%). The optimal set obtained for the minimum springback of brass alloy and theconformation test is performed at the optimum set conditions (773 K temperature, 1 mm/min punch speed, 90 s holdingtime, and 90° to the rolling direction of a sheet). With the optimal set of process parameters, Springback decreasedsignificantly to around 68.68%. Through the investigation of springback analysis, it is directly proportional to thetemperature and holding time and inversely proportional to the punch speed, but sheet orientation doesn’t follow any trends
Hyper Parameter Optimization for Transfer Learning of ShuffleNetV2 with Edge Computing for Casting Defect Detection
Get PDFA casting defect is an expendable abnormality and the most undesirable thing in the metal casting process. In Casting Defect Detection, deep learning based on Convolution Neural Network (CNN) models has been widely used, but most of these models require a lot of processing power. This work proposes a low-power ShuffleNet V2-based Transfer Learning model for defect identification with low latency, easy upgrading, increased efficiency, and an automatic visual inspection system with edge computing. Initially, various image transformation techniques were used for data augmentation on casting datasets to test the model flexibility in diverse casting. Subsequently, a pre-trained lightweight ShuffleNetV2 model is adapted, and hyperparameters are fine-tuned to optimize the model. The work results in a lightweight, adaptive, and scalable model ideal for resource-constrained edge devices. Finally, the trained model can be used as an edge device on the NVIDIA Jetson Nano-kit to speed up detection. The measures of precision, recall, accuracy, and F1 score were utilized for model evaluation. According to the statistical measures, the model accuracy is 99.58%, precision is 100%, recall is 99%, and the F1-Score is 100 %
Microwave assisted reaction, photophysical studies and antibacterial activities of simple sugar chalcone derivatives
Get PDFAldol condensation is adopted for the synthesis of sugar chalcone derivatives from b-C-glycosidic ketones with various aromatic aldehydes under basic condition with both conventional as well as microwave condition. Microwave assisted reaction gave an excellent yield. Products obtained were characterized using (1H, 13C) and elemental analysis. Sugar chalcone derivatives exhibited an excellent antibacterial activity.
Extraction and Estimation of antistatic agent Glycerol Mono Stearate in Polypropylene by Gas Chromatography Coupled with Flame Ionisation Detector
Get PDFA new method has been developed for the estimation of an antistatic agent Glycerol Mono Stearate (GMS) in Polypropylene (PP) over Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame ionization detector (GC-FID). In the present work, selection of suitable sample specimen, sample weight, solvent mixture, extraction time, and temperature have been identified for the extraction of GMS in the PP resin. In-house Polypropylene pellet has been used for study and the GMS extorted into n-hexane-Ethyl acetate and quantified using GC-FID over 100% Dimethylpolysiloxane column. The method limit of detection is 1 mg/L and the limit of quantification is 5-750 mg/kg in PP resin with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.999. This method is accurate and has not found any interference with other co additives used in the propylene
Adsorption study on the removal of ciprofloxacin in aqueous solution by an acidic ion exchange resin with bifunctional group
Get PDFRemoval of fluoroquinolone antibiotic pollutants in the aquatic environment has become a research hotspot. In this work, two skeletal resins and four acidic ion exchange resins have been used as adsorbent materials to evaluate their adsorption properties for fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) in aqueous solution. Compared with other materials, the sulfonic-phosphoric acid-based bifunctional resin S9570 has shown the best adsorption performance for CIP. The effect of solution pH on the adsorption of CIP by S9570 has been further explored, and the optimal adsorption capacity has been obtained at pH 4.0. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of S9570 for CIP have been investigated in details. The high fits of the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations indicate that these two models can better describe the adsorption process of S9570 for CIP which has been jointly controlled by chemical adsorption and intraparticle diffusion steps and has been accompanied by weak or intermediate initial adsorption behaviour. The best fit results of Langmuir has indicated that there exists a monolayer adsorption on the surface of the S9570.Thermodynamic parameters suggest that the adsorption is an endothermic, spontaneous process with increased randomness at the solid-liquid interface. Through this evaluation of resin adsorption materials, it has been proved that the adsorbent material has good reusability and antiinterference performance
Intellectual Property Rights in Context of New Education Policy 2020
Get PDFIntellectual property rights (IPRs) are the backbone of innovation and new ideas. They encourage prospective researchers and protect their interests. These rights give innovators an exclusive right over their creations for a certain period. India being a member of the World trade organization has complied with its obligations related to intellectual property rights. In India, IPRs are divided into the following categories as Copyright, patents, designs, and trademarks. The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 puts major emphasis on ability enhancement and skill development with a technology-driven approach to teaching-learning processes accompanied by creativity and innovation. The purpose of IPR is to provide protection for the results of investments of individuals and stimulate innovation thereby rewarding and encouraging creative work in the development of NEP 2020. In today’s era, it is very important to create IPR awareness within academic institutions among faculty members and students so that they can patent their innovative research work and consequently benefit the stakeholders. IPRs have also gained substantial importance with the advent of information technology. IPR is of prime importance in sustaining the Global business environment and hence subsistence all over the globe. These rights uplift the inquisitive mindset by duly acknowledging and providing benefits to the originator. The absence and inadequate execution of these rights may impede the social, technical, and economic growth of anation. Hence appropriate propagation of IPR knowledge and its implementation is of paramount significance in the context of NEP 2020
Traditional Knowledge: Penetrating Intellectual Property
Get PDFTraditional Knowledge (TK) during its introduction in Intellectual Property (IP), remained associated mainly with Patents. However, with passage of time, relation of TK has been witnessed and debated with Trade Marks, Copyrights, Geographical Indications. The growing debate on TK in association with patents has been shared by TK’s penetration into copyright, geographical indication and trademarks. The paper studies the reach of TK in IP and analyze the stand of TK in IP. The IP system seems different from TK. Both the concepts have different footings but they are face to face and are at cross roads. The demand of acknowledging TK at international level, be it at Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property or Word Intellectual Property Organization or even for a sui generis system, is growing. It is face to face with IP system. The global north is reluctant to have TK in IP and global south is pro to have TK in IP. Basically, it is the benefit sharing but again benefit sharing and TK cannot be taken into isolation when it comes to their contrast with IP. Convention on Biological Diversity gave the momentum to the demand of benefit sharing and protection of TK with is furthered by Nagoya Protocol. Since early, TK was in focus with IP specifically in context of patent. However, due to appropriation of cultures or material from public domain, a concern has been raised where TK is being captured by conventional IP system. The conversion or use of TK in various IP is not welcomed and is becoming a topic of debate in one or the other way. The paper tries to study and analyze the aforesaid situation. It would see how TK is being in limelight and in contrast with other IP. The paper would also be portraying that how conventional IP system is being exposed to different notions due to advent of TK. The focus of paper would remain on the TK’s association with patent and its association with other IP like copyright, trademarks, geographical indications
Design, synthesis, characterization and in vitro evaluation of some novel thiol-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as GlmS inhibitors
Get PDFThe development of novel medications with previously unidentified action mechanisms is required due to the increasing in antibiotic resistance amongst dangerous microbes. The major goal of the research was to develop in silico and in vitro antibacterial methods for designing an active thiol substituted oxadiazole inhibitor targeting gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria's GlmS receptor. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole was proposed as a scaffold, and the possibility of its synthesis was examined. The least amount of free energy in the ligand configurations was chosen. Analyses of the novel molecules' characteristics were done using ADMET studies. There were four distinct reactions used in the synthesis processes. As the first reagent, substituted carboxylic acids were utilized. Synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral studies and minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated by in vitro antibacterial examinations of synthesized compounds. Ciprofloxacin served as the study's reference drug. Based on in vitro studies and in silico molecular docking, ROS1-4 established strong binding energy, while ROS3 revealed significant antibacterial activity. These findings support the hypothesis that the proposed scaffold significantly inhibits the GlmS receptor protein