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Low-Cost Adsorbents and Nanomaterials for Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water: Review
Get PDFWorldwide concern has been raised about the contamination of heavy metals and their harmful impacts on both environment and human health. Numerous technologies have been changing throughout time to address this issue. Among the most practical and economical techniques, adsorption is still used to cleanse wastewater that is contaminated with heavy metals. Silica, zeolites, clay, and activated carbon are a few adsorbents that have been thoroughly explored in the past. From a review of the literature, numerous adsorbents' adsorption abilities were evaluated, in addition to the capability of other metals to absorb substances. Adsorbents can also be modified to increase their adsorption capability. Although the expense of regeneration is significant, there are numerous commercial, industrial, and environmental advantages to reducing the use of fresh adsorbent. This review makes an effort to give a thorough overview of various modified adsorbents, their efficiency, and nanotechnology-based strategies in eliminating contaminants from wastewater that have been studied in the last ten years. Additionally, it is implied that nanomaterials, nanocomposites, and nanofiltration have demonstrated remarkable attention for the reduction of these heavy metals
Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) dietary supplementation ameliorates fluoride toxicity in the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio L.
Get PDFFluoride is the organic and inorganic compound of the element fluorine, has detrimental effect to all animals including fish at higher concentration. Ground water with elevated concentration of fluoride is a major global problem including India. On the other hand, Morinda citrifolia (also called ‘Noni’ in Polynesia) is a medicinal plant, has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties. The ameliorating effect of M. citrifolia fruit extract dietary supplementation against fluoride induced toxicity on the growth performance, haematological parameters, and fluoride accumulation in the muscular tissue was investigated in the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio L. for 35 days in triplicate. One hundred and twenty acclimated C. carpio fingerlings were randomly allocated into five experimental groups (Groups I, II, III, IV and V) each with 24 fish divided into three replicates (eight fish/replicate). Group I (Control) and II (Toxic control or negative control) were provided with basal/control diet, whereas groups III, IV, and V were provided with 0.25% (2.5 g/kg), 0.50% (5.0 g/kg) and 0.75% (7.5 g/kg) M. citrifolia fruit extract supplemented diet respectively. All groups except for group I were exposed to 10% of the LC50 of fluoride. Selected growth and haematological parameters were estimated. The fluoride content in the muscular tissue of fish was also estimated following SPADNS method. Results revealed that exposure of sublethal concentration of fluoride significantly (P <0.05) reduced the growth performance and haematological parameters in Gr. II (toxic control) compared to the Gr. I (control). However, M. citrifolia dietary supplementation significantly (P <0.05) improved fluoride induced alteration of growth performance and haematological parameters of fish in the groups III, IV and V compared to Gr. II. Morinda citrifolia fruit extract dietary supplementation also significantly (P <0.05) decreased the accumulation fluoride in the muscular tissue of fish in groups III, IV and V compared to the Gr. II (toxic control). In conclusion, M. citrifolia dietary supplementation ameliorates the fluoride toxicity by preventing the accumulation of fluoride in the muscular tissue of the fish. The M. citrifolia dietary supplementation at 0.25% showed the best response, hence it is considered as the optimum dose
Sustainable and Robust Techniques of Wireless Communications for Industry 4.0: Towards Efficient PAPR Reduction Models
Get PDFThis work presents the concerns of reliable, comprehensive, and high-quality communication networks essential in wireless communications for Industry 4.0. These are considered critical requirements of wireless technology for Industry 4.0. For a reliable transmission of digital data over broadband widths and Giga Hertz channels, the corresponding Peak-to-Average-Power Ratio (PAPR) must be under control. Industry standards Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing With Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (MIMO-OFDM/OQAM) system has been considered as the modulation technique with less Computational Complexity (CC). It usually produces phase sequence sets with different PAPR, a complex phenomenon to control. For robustness in PAPR control, the technique proposed has a receiver that initially restores the frequency domain rotation signal according to the sequence selection of the transmitter. Then it compares the distance between the reverse rotation sequence and the nearest constellation point to restore the original sequence. The proposed method simulation results can efficiently suppress the PAPR of MIMO-OFDM/OQAM signals. The proposed method is compared with the traditional Selective Mapping (SLM) algorithm. The proposed method reduces the CC, and can obtain the approximate Bit-Error Rate (BER) performance of the conventional SLM method when the sideband side information is known
Machine Learning Approach to Improve Data Connectivity in Text-based Personality Prediction using Multiple Data Sources Mapping
Get PDFThis paper considers the task of personality prediction using social media text data. Personality datasets with conventional personality labels are few, and collecting them is challenging due to privacy concerns and the high expense of hiring expert psychologists to label them. Pertaining to a smaller number of labelled samples available, existing studies usually adds a sentiment, statistical NLP features to the text data to improve the accuracy of the personality detection model. To overcome these concerns, this research proposes a new methodology to generate a large amount of labelled data that can be used by deep learning algorithms. The model has three components: general data representation, data mapping and classification. The model applies Personality correlation descriptors to incorporate correlation information and further use this information in generating dataset mapping algorithm. Experimental results clearly demonstrate that the proposed method beats strong baselines across a variety of evaluation metrics. The results had the highest accuracy of 86.24% and 0.915 F1 measure score on the combined MBTI and Essays dataset. Moreover, the new dataset constructed contains 3,84,089 labelled samples on the combined dataset and can be further considered for personality prediction using the famous Five Factor Model thereby alleviating the problem of limited labelled samples for the purpose of personality detection
Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study for the efficient removal of malachite green dye onto untreated Morus nigra L. (mulberry tree) leaves powder and its biochar
Get PDFIn the present investigation the removal of malachite green (MG) dye from its aqueous solution by batch mode adsorption study onto mulberry leaves powder (MLP) and mulberry leaves biochar (MLB) has been proved to be efficient with removal percentage more than 95 % at 0.3 gm dose in 35.8 mg/L (20 ml) MG dye solution for 35 minutes. In this batch mode adsorption study various parameters like contact time, effect of dose, concentration, temperature and pH have been studied to investigate the effect of such parameters on MG dye adsorption process onto mentioned adsorbents. Among three commonly used isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin), Freundlich isotherm model is best fit model with R2 = 0.99. The kinetic study reveals that pseudo-second-order kinetic model is best followed having also R2 = 0.99. Thermodynamically, the adsorption process of MG dye onto MLP is endothermic, exothermic onto MLB, and spontaneous in nature. Accordingly, the results obtained have shown that the adsorbents (MLP and MLB) can be used as low cost, rapid, and effective adsorbents for the removal of malachite green dye from its aqueous solution, thus also from wastewater
Recycling of waste PET for functionalised textile finishing
Get PDFThe glycolysis of waste bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been carried out at 190oC for 8 h with sodium acetate catalyst. Products of reaction are then characterised by spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and calorimetry. The bis-hydroxyethyl terephthalate (BHET) obtained from the reaction is formulated using an emulsifying and dispersing agent and further utilised as an antistatic finishing chemical for imparting functional effect on polyester textile. The application has been performed by padding polyester fabric with a solution containing antistatic agents of different concertations (10, 20 and 40 g/L), followed by drying at 110° C for 60 s and then thermoset at 170°C for 40 s. The treated fabric is compared with a commercial antistatic agent for functional performance and then evaluated in terms of absorbency, wicking height, charge decay time, and hand feel. The results show that the fabric finished with 20 g/L BHET based formulation performs better than the commercial antistatic agent finished fabric, and the waste PET bottles can be effectively utilised as a textile finishing chemical.
Effects of carbon chain length of acrylate monomer on sizing properties of sesbania gum-g-polyacrylate
Get PDFA series of acrylate monomers with different carbon chain lengths including methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) has been grafted onto molecular chains of native sesbania gum (SG) to obtain SG-g-polyacrylate with similar grafting ratios through Fenton’s initiator respectively. Effects of carbon chain length of the series of acrylates on sizing properties of the grafted SG on polyester yarn have been studied. It is found that, by grafting acrylates onto the molecular chains of SG, its sizing properties are improved markedly. Under the condition of similar grafting ratios, SG-g-PMA shows the highest apparent viscosity, tenacity of sizing film, wettability and adhesion strength to polyester fibre in all the grafted SG prepared. SG-g-PEA and SG-g-PEHA show the highest wear resistance and elongation of sizing film respectively. The polyester/cotton (65/35) warp yarns sized by SG-g-PMA, SG-g-PEHA and SG-g-PEA possess the highest tensile strength, tensile elongation and abrasion resistance respectively, in all the sized conditions. The SG grafted with acrylate monomers with different carbon chain lengths can meet various requirements in sizing polyester yarn.
Ergonomic Evaluation of Pruning in Simulated Greenhouse Conditions
Get PDFGreenhouse is a space-efficient structure for farming. The workers stretch their bodies to perform operations away from the body and at different heights. The present study aimed to assess the physiological and postural discomfort because of the varied working heights and horizontal distances and also attempts to suggest suitable interventions to overcome them. The current study investigated the physiological and subjective measures of exertion while working at different heights (elbow height, shoulder height and above shoulder height) and horizontal distances (30, 45, 60, and 75 cm) with two different pruning tools under simulated laboratory conditions. All the physiological parameters and responses against different conditions were recorded from six male participants and analyzed as per experimental requirements. The outcome of the present study demonstrated that physiological cost and subjective measure of exertion varied significantly with the variation in heights and horizontal distances. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, and perceived exertion were significantly higher “above the shoulder height” than elbow and shoulder height. Similarly, all the measured physiological parameters and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) exhibited a gradual increase with increasing the distance from the worker’s body. The study also revealed a differential effect of tools used while performing the pruning work. Further, the multiple regression analysis helped to predict Relative Cardiac Cost from RPE and other evaluated physiological parameters. Overall, findings from the current study concluded that conventional pruning activities need workspace optimization and ergonomic intervention to select pruning tools and achieve the desired productivity with minimum Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)
Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antitubercular activity of 4,6-diphenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-selena-1,2,5-triazo-indene derivatives
Get PDFSeveral 4,6-diphenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-selena-1,2,5-triazo-indene derivatives have been synthesized by the Mannich reaction (condensation) of ethyl methyl ketone, substituted aldehyde and ammonium acetate and selenium dioxide. The chemical structures have been confirmed by means of IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. The synthesized compounds have been evaluated for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antitubercular activity. The compounds have emerged as the most promising active compounds to that of standards. In addition, the inhibition effect increases with the increase in concentration of these compounds
The scope of open peer review in the scholarly publishing ecosystem
Get PDFThis study explores the selective corpus of existing literature on Open Peer Review (OPR) to understand and map theextent of adoption of OPR in the scholarly communication, the reflection of different aspects of human emotion embeddedin the open peer review reports and authors’ response as well, the influence of OPR reports on citation status of articles, andapplication of Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence and similar technologies in improving the operational viability as well asacceptability of OPR among the scholarly community. The study finds the emergence of various OPR adoption policies andlevels of adoption together with emerging models of scientific publishing. Clearly, there is a lack of uniform OPR adoptionpolicy. It also highlights the association of different sets of human emotional traits with OPR reports. The experimentationwith the possibility of treating preprint servers and open access repositories as a manuscript marketplace for the eventualselection of articles for open peer review and journal publication is noticed. More research on the influence of humanbehavioural aspects on OPR practice and the application of emergent technologies in OPR would be required before finallysettling down on a stable roadmap for OPR