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Polyaniline Chromium Nitrate Composites: Influence of Chromium Nitrate on Conductivity and Thermal Stability of Polyaniline
Get PDFThermal stability and electrical conductivity are the key to the technological feasibility and sustainability of conductingpolymers (CPs) and their composites in real-time applications. Notably, the impact of filler loading on above mentionedparameters of CPs needs to be examined and addressed with facile and easily accessible techniques. In the present study,Polyaniline (PANI) /chromium nitrate composites have been prepared via in situ polymerization of aniline through thechemical oxidative polymerization route. After that, the conductivity and thermal stability of PANI have been investigated atdifferent weight percentage loadings of chromium nitrate viz 5, 10, 20, and 40 % in the composite materials.The morphological and structural analysis of the pristine and composite samples were executed with Scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Thermalanalysis of proposed composites is carried out using the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method to evaluate variouskinetic parameters. The TGA thermogram and different calculated parameters revealed that the composites were morethermally stable than pristine PANI and that the composite having 20 wt % of chromium nitrate is thermally the most stable.The DC electrical conductivity data shows that PANI loaded with 20% chromium nitrate has the highest conductivity. Thisincrement in conductivity and thermal stability of the composites opens the path for many applications, such as sensors andelectronics
Ultrasonication pretreatment of real-field pulping wastewater from bagasse-based paper mill
Get PDFIn this study an attempt has been made to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing ultrasonication as pretreatment process to treat pulping wastewater. Bio-electrochemical treatment and microalgal treatment have been used as secondary treatment process. Ultrasonication was performed in bath type sonicator at 60 kHz for various time intervals of 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. There were no significant changes in pH, TDS and COD of pulping wastewater after ultrasonication. The bio-electrochemical treatment of pretreated wastewater did not show significant improvement in treatment efficiency and color removal. Rather the MFC operating with pretreated wastewater showed poor electrochemical performance. Microalgae consortia collected from lily pond in the institute could decolorize the ultrasonically pretreated wastewater, but color of raw wastewater could not be decolorized by micro algal consortia. Ultrasonication could have modified the compounds in pulping wastewater, making them more accessible to microalgal metabolism
Design and development of light weight porous matrix using industrial waste
Get PDFThe aim of the current study is to optimise the composite mixture of fly ash, rubber waste and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)for the design and development of a light weight porous matrix. The composite matrices have been evaluated based on the engineering properties consisting of compressive strength, density, open porosity (VR%) and water-material ratio (WM%). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is used for the observation of the microstructure of cement, tyre rubber granules, fly ash and the optimized composite matrix. The compressive strength and density decrease with the increasing quantity of waste tyre rubber granules in the matrix, whereas the porosity of the matrix enhances. Since, the rubber granules act like voids in the composite matrix, results into the development of light weight porous matrix, which is also confirmed by SEM analysis. The study confirms the usability of the composite matrix aslow-cost partition walls or low load bearing structures. The utilization of the waste material reduces the land requirement for huge disposal site as well as reduces the carbon footprint due to the reduced utilization of cement. The composite matrix can be further utilized through proper design mix with additional construction materials such as fine and coarse aggregate to broaden the applications horizon in civil and environmental engineering
Comparison of Signal Processing Techniques for Prediction of Optimal Process Variables to Yield Higher Productivity During Turning on CNC lathe
Get PDFTool chatter is one of such occurrences that limits MRR in a number of industries. In the current research, a method to boost output while lowering clatter during turning operations on a CNC lathe has been presented. A microphone is used to record the vibration signals generated during turning tests. The denoised signals are analysed using local mean decomposition (LMD). Disruptions and undesirable embedded ambient noise are removed using wavelet denoising (WD). The product functions that expose chatter information are chosen using these decomposed signals. To recreate the real-time chatter, these well-known PFs are used to reconstruct the signal. A consistent range of turning parameters for greater productivity has been created using the Grey relational analysis (GRA) prediction technique. The measured Chatter Index value has been found to denote steady turning, unstable, and moderate chatter circumstances. In order to confirm the validity of the presented methodology, several tests have been conducted
Synthesis of Schiff’s bases of 2-amino benzo[d]thiazole from higher hetero aldehydes and ketones using Mo-Al2O3 composite based organo catalyst
Get PDFWe have used a new metal supported organo catalyst successfully to carry out the high yield Schiff’s base reaction at ambient temperature. This methodology has the benefits of straightforward conditions, excellent yields, no work-up, environmental benign process and reusable solid catalyst. The catalyst speeds up the Schiff base reaction with less time and several Schiff bases were synthesised and given IR,1H,13C NMR characterisation
Characterising the traditional organic liquid formulations used by the farmers of western agro climatic zone of Tamil Nadu
Get PDFThe study was conducted to document the preparation method of organic liquid formulations used by the farmers belongs to the western agro climatic zone of Tamil Nadu and to characterise the same. Most of the formulations have been used as manure, pest and disease control agents since ancient times. In this study, for the first time, we attempted to characterise all the organic liquid formulations by measuring its physiochemical properties (pH, EC, OC, TDS), macronutrients (N, P, K) and micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe). The microbial status of the fermented liquid manure was also enumerated (bacteria, fungi, actinobacteria). Physiochemical properties divulged that most of the formulations had an acidic pH except a few. The analysis revealed the presence of micronutrients in liquid manures that could promote plant growth. Microbial analysis proved the preparation has more naturally occurring colonies. Mould formation was studied to check the formulation free from spoiling microbes. The results obtained proved the mineral potential of the liquid formulations, which may replenish the soil's fertility and promote plant growth.
Antibacterial property of synthetic upper leather treated by garlic and ginger peels extracts
Get PDFThe garlic and ginger peels have been thrown as a waste. Nowadays researchers have been trying to investigate the antimicrobial properties of garlic and ginger peels extracts. Nevertheless, the effects of these materials on synthetic leather have not been experimented. The study aims at antimicrobial treatment of synthetic leather by the peels extracts and examining it against the staphylococcus epidermis bacterium. The peels have been collected in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia, dried in the oven for one hour at 104°C, weighed and grounded in a grinder with a mesh size of 50-300 mesh. For both materials, 40 g of peel powder has been dissolved in 400 mL of ethanol solvent and stirred by a magnetic stirrer and then extracted by ultrasonic extraction method. Leather samples have been treated by extracted peels (5%, 15% and 20%) together with citric acid as a binder and soap as wetting agent. The antimicrobial properties of the treated samples have been assessed by a disc diffusion test method. The garlic peel extract at all concentrations levels has a wider inhibition zone indicating that garlic peel extract is more efficient at inhibiting Staphylococcus epidermis growth than ginger peel. Therefore; it could be used as antimicrobial treatment of synthetic leather
Applications of carbon nanotubes in energy storage devices
Get PDFThe development of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has contributed to the advancement in science and technology. If CNTs could be properly engineered, they can pave the way for the future development of numerous additional materials for a variety of purposes. The open and enriched chiral structure of CNTs enabled improvements in the properties and performances of other materials, when CNTs are incorporated in them. Depending on the structural and morphological requirements, CNTs have been incorporated in energy storage systems either as an additive to improve the electronic conductivity of cathode materials or as an active anode component. Furthermore, they have also been used directly as the electrode material in supercapacitors and fuel cells. Therefore, demand for CNTs is increasing due to their underlying properties and prospective applications in the energy storage research fields. Different types of CNTs are used in energy storage devices such as batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and other devices. This chapter focuses on the review of CNTs in various energy conversion and storage systems, how their morphology and structure affect the electrochemical capabilities and energy storage methods
Development of dissolvable dye transfer inhibitor for household laundry
Get PDFThis research is focused on developing a dissolvable composite polymeric film loaded with a dye transfer inhibitor. Pyridine N-oxide (PNO) isone of the amine-based dye transfer inhibitor (DTI) polymers with higher dye inhibition ability. A transparent and water-soluble PNO-loaded polymeric composite film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-PNO film) has been developed using the solution casting method, and the process parametersare optimised. The performance of the developed polymeric composite film has been evaluated in terms of dissolving time and dye-transfer inhibition in the laundry. The results indicate that the addition of the cross-linking agent increases the dissolving time of the film,while the addition of the plasticizer reduces it. An average of 8.5min is observed as the dissolving time for the developed product in the presence of detergent. In the laundry process, a colour difference value (ΔE) of 4.763 is noted against Reactive Blue 4 (C23H14Cl2N6O8S), and the performance of the product against multiple dyes is found to be satisfactory. The tensile strength of the film is found as 17.1 Mpa, elongation 113%, and folding endurance 250 times, confirming the better-handling property of the developed film
Growth, yield and economics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) influenced by integrated nutrient management in semi-arid regions of India
Get PDFIntegrated nutrient management (INM) includes wide range of applications for improving plant productivity and resource optimisation whilst still facilitating for environmental and resource protection. The effects of integration of nutrient sources on coriander growth, yield, and economics were investigated during two consecutive rabi seasons (2016-2017 and 2017-18) at the vegetable research farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana. The experiment used an eighteen treatment combination of organic manures (Farm yard manure and vermicompost), bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter and Phosphate solubilising bacteria), and inorganic fertilisers in a randomised block design that was duplicated three times. Experimental results showed that the application of 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN- 60 kg/ha) through inorganic sources along with biofertilizers (Azotobacter and Phosphate solubilising bacteria) showed better performance over other treatment combinations, recorded significantly higher values for all the growth and yield traits viz. Height of plant, number of primary and secondary branches per plant, number of umbelets per umbel, number of seeds per umbel, seeds per umbelet, seed yield per plant (g), seed yield (q/ha), biological yield (q/ha) and harvest index (%). Also, the net returns (Rs. 76895 and 76232) and benefit cost ratio (2.08 and 2.06) were found highest in the same treatment during both the years of experimentation i.e., 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively.