National Institute of Education
National Institute of Education, Singapore: NIE Digital RepositoryNot a member yet
19917 research outputs found
Sort by
Examining human–AI collaboration in hybrid intelligence learning environments: Insight from the synergy degree model
No full textThe open access publication is available at https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05097-zThe integrating AI into teaching and learning has the potential to transform traditional classroom environments into hybrid intelligence learning environments, whereby human teachers and AI teachers (educational robots) work together synergistically to enhance students’ learning processes and outcomes. To understand and optimize the synergistic effect of human–AI collaboration in hybrid intelligence learning environments, this study proposes a human–AI synergy degree model (HAI-SDM). A case study was conducted to examine the synergy degree and order degree in human–AI collaboration, involving forty students and one teacher from a class in a junior high school. The results indicate that the order degree between human teacher and AI machines remains at a moderate level while undergoing dynamic changes. The synergy degree fluctuates between low and moderate, reflecting relatively orderly development among the three subsystems (collaboration subject subsystem, collaboration process subsystem and collaboration environment subsystem), but one subsystem may exhibit disordered behaviours in contrast to the others. These findings have implications for developing more effective human-AI classroom collaboration and promoting the effective integration of AI into teaching and learning
Global profiles of positive youth development: A person-oriented analysis among emerging adults living in 21 countries
No full textAlthough global research on the 5Cs model of Positive Youth Development (PYD; competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring) has expanded in recent years, there is a lack of understanding about distinct and consistent PYD profiles across youth from diverse socio-cultural contexts. To address this gap, this study utilized a person-oriented analytic approach to examine the PYD profiles of 11,481 emerging adults (Mage = 21.77; SDage = 2.74; 68.66% females) from 21 countries in four continents. Results of the multi-group latent profile analysis revealed four consistent profiles of PYD across countries: high/balanced (41%), self-efficacious (28%), socio-emotional (20%), and low/self-centered (11%). Participants’ age, gender, educational attainment, and country-level collectivism were also found to be associated with specific profiles. Older and more-educated females from less collectivistic countries were more likely to be in a high/balanced profile, while younger males from more collectivistic countries tend to be in a low/self-centered profile. Older and more-educated males from less collectivistic countries were more likely to be in a self-efficacious profile, while younger and less-educated females from more collectivistic countries tend to be in a socio-emotional profile. Controlling these socio-contextual covariates, the four profiles exhibited distinct relations with adaptive (resilience and contribution) and maladaptive outcomes (anxiety and adverse life experiences) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results highlight the importance of fostering a balanced set of Cs, which include both self-efficacious and socio-emotional qualities, to promote positive adaptation in challenging times across diverse developmental settings.Accepted versio
The impact of peer feedback features on feedback receivers’ implementation in university classrooms
No full textPeer feedback has been applied to support peer learning in higher education classrooms. Accumulating research highlights that peer feedback implementation is essential for learning efficiency and for closing the feedback loop. However, there are mixed results regarding how various peer feedback features impact students' implementation of feedback. This study aims to provide a holistic examination of the impact of different peer feedback features on implementation status. A total of 69 university students from a university in Singapore participated in peer feedback activities on design tasks. Qualitative content analysis was conducted to identify the peer feedback features across cognitive, scope, elaboration, and affective dimensions. After comparing different machine learning models, logistic regression was used to model the correlation between peer feedback features and implementation status. The findings indicate that peer feedback that was localized, sought clarification, provided solutions, and used affective language was more likely to be implemented by feedback receivers. Interview data further revealed students' underlying understandings of how various peer feedback features impacted their implementation decisions. The results extend the current peer feedback research through a comprehensive examination of different feedback features, shedding light on everyday classroom practices to promote students' feedback implementation
Toddler disorganized attachment in relation to cortical thickness and socioemotional problems in late childhood
No full textDisorganized attachment is a risk for mental health problems, with increasing work focused on understanding biological mechanisms. Examining late childhood brain morphology may be informative – this stage coincides with the onset of many mental health problems. Past late childhood research reveals promising candidates, including frontal lobe cortical thickness and hippocampal volume. However, work has been limited to Western samples and has not investigated mediation or moderation by brain morphology. Furthermore, past cortical thickness research included only 33 participants. The current study utilized data from 166 children from the GUSTO Asian cohort, who participated in strange situations at 18 months and MRI brain imaging at 10.5 years, with 124 administered the Child Behaviour Checklist at 10.5 years. Results demonstrated disorganization liked to internalizing problems, but no mediation or moderation by brain morphology. The association to internalizing (but not externalizing) problems is discussed with reference to the comparatively higher prevalence of internalizing problems in Singapore
Land use change in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: Long-term impacts of drought and salinity intrusion using satellite and monitoring data
No full textThe open access publication is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.112723Drought and salinity intrusion (DSI) increasingly threaten agriculture and aquaculture in coastal regions. Focusing on the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), we examined how DSI from 2000 to 2020 influences rice cropping, aquaculture area, and rice yield across seven coastal provinces. In-situ discharge and salinity monitoring, combined with satellite-derived land-use data and yield validation, revealed the highest DSI impacts during the 2010–2011, 2015–2016, and 2019–2020 dry seasons. Local governments employed strategies such as drought-tolerant rice, improved irrigation, and revised cropping schedules to mitigate losses, yet further investments remain vital. Our findings provide evidence-based insights for managing DSI and strengthening agricultural resilience in the VMD and other vulnerable deltas worldwide
AI-empowered seamless Chinese language learning for young learners
No full textIn recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in digital language learning. However, research on investigating AI’s role in language learning among young learners is limited. This study is based on the design and implementation of a self-developed AI-enhanced Chinese vocabulary learning system called ARCHe for young learners. The research involved 140 primary 2 students from the three primary schools in Singapore, using the system for 8–10 weeks. Findings show that using ARCHe improved students’ learning performances overall, regardless of school context or prior language proficiency. Students accepted ARCHe positively, with higher language proficiency associated with greater ease of use perceptions, while perceived usefulness and enjoyment were consistent across different levels of language proficiency. The study suggests providing additional support for learners with lower language proficiency, potentially through multimodal feedback. Future research could further explore students’ epistemic emotions beyond acceptance
Grafting bis-siloxane anion-exchange membranes: Investigating sulfuric acid concentration and solvent resistance
No full textElectrodialysis (ED) was widely use for sulfuric acid (H2SO4) recovery. However, challenges such as proton leakage during ED processes and the presence of large amounts of organic solvents in the wastewater have limited the recovered acid concentration to less than 30 wt% and shortened membrane lifespan. In this study, we prepared a series of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) and phenyltriethoxysilane (phTES) as cross-linking agents aimed at concentrating H2SO4 through the ED process. As the content of bis-siloxane crosslinkers increased, the ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the membranes decreased from 1.86 to 1.27 mmol g−1, resulting in lower water flux and membrane conductivity. However, the increased crosslinker content significantly enhanced membrane hydrophobicity, thereby improving its acid-blocking properties. During ED operations at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the BPPO-10APTMS-10phTES membrane achieved a H+ concentration of 2.15 mol/L (from an initial concentration of 1.00 mol/L), outperforming AEMs without cross-linking structure. Additionally, the BPPO-xAPTMS-xphTES membranes (x = 5, 10, and 15) exhibited strong resistance to organic solvents. This research offers valuable theoretical guidance for developing AEMs with enhanced acid concentration capabilities and solvent resistance.Accepted versio
Advancing AI literacy in medical education: A medical AI competency framework development
No full textThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare underscores the need for medical professionals to develop AI competencies. While the UNESCO AI competency framework provides general guidelines, it is broad and lacks the specificity required for medical education. This study proposed and validated an AI competency framework tailored for medical professionals, integrating UNESCO’s AI framework with Miller’s pyramid model. The preliminary framework was refined based on expert feedback from six hospital administrators, eight medical professionals, and ten university instructors. This study presents an AI competency framework for medical professionals, laying the groundwork for future curricula development. It offers insights and evidence to guide medical professionals’ AI competency development
Clinical pilates exercises for adults with chronic low back pain improves single-leg squat postural control and lumbopelvic-hip flexibility
No full textBackground
Pilates is a frequently used management strategy for chronic low back pain for its efficacy in pain relief and function. However, movement performance changes such as single-leg squat have not been studied. It is unclear if simple movement-specific Pilates exercises lead to changes in lower back or hamstrings flexibility. This study investigated the immediate changes in postural sway of single-leg squat, hamstrings flexibility and lumbar flexion flexibility after a brief session of Clinical Pilates exercises in adults with non-specific chronic low back pain.Methods
Forty adults with chronic low back pain were assessed on single-leg squat postural sway, hamstrings flexibility and lumbar flexion flexibility. Participants were then assessed with Clinical Pilates assessment to identify movements that are easy to do and pain-free. Two to four Pilates exercises based on the identified movements were then prescribed as the intervention. A post-intervention assessment concluded the session. Repeated measures statistical test was used to study changes over time and between the problem and non-problem sides for postural sway parameters and hamstrings flexibility. Paired sample t-test was used to evaluate lumbar flexion flexibility changes.ResultsThe participants showed statistically significant improvements on the problem side in three postural sway variables – vertical force variance, p SignificanceA brief session of Clinical Pilates exercises enabled individuals with chronic low back pain to squat deeper and faster while maintaining the same level of postural stability.Accepted versio
Curiosity: Its measurement and validation across age groups in Singapore
No full textCuriosity, known as an important psychological construct, has drawn significant attention across a diversity of fields including education and psychology. Curiosity was often interpreted as a single dimensional construct in earlier research, wherein studies typically examine it within the specific contexts. However, more recent studies have shifted toward identifying multiple dimensions of curiosity, aiming to offer a more comprehensive understanding of this complex trait (Yow et al., 2022). Understanding how curiosity functions and co-relate to other traits, are crucial to enhance creativity and innovation, ultimately contribute to higher work productivity and greater academic success.The Five-Dimensional Curiosity Scale-Revised (5DCR), was developed and revised by Kashdan et al. (2020), highlighting the multi-dimensional nature of curiosity. 5DCR consists of six dimensions, refining social curiosity into overt and covert social curiosity. It was demonstrated to be the most comprehensive instrument for capturing the full scope of curiosity. This instrument has been widely validated in Western countries; however, its application in non-Western contexts remains limited. To ensure that it accurately and fairly measures curiosity across diverse cultural contexts, further validation in non-Western countries is crucial. Besides, Chu et al. (2021) reported that
intellectual curiosity tended to decline with age. It is important to understand the different patterns of changes in curiosity dimensions across ages, which would potentially inform researchers and educators on the design of tailored educational strategies and interventions for promoting lifelong learning.In the present study, 758 participants from four different age groups in Singapore were recruited to examine the reliability and validity of the 5DCR instrument. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) have been performed to examine the 5DCR instrument. As anticipated, the results further supported the applicability of the 5DCR instrument in the Asian context. Besides, comparisons across these age groups were also conducted to explore variations in the different dimensions of curiosity: younger adult and older adult learners tend to derive greater satisfaction and pleasure from acquiring new knowledge, while children and adolescents show a greater engagement in thrill-seeking activities. These findings highlighted the age-related differences in curiosity, which potentially provide directions
for further research and exploitation of these distinctions. Additionally, our results provide educators with guidance for developing more effective strategies tailored to different age groups and optimizing learners' educational experiences.Furthermore, participants from both younger and older adult groups had also completed a range of well-established psychological measures, including the Big Five Inventory-2 (Soto & John, 2017), the Twenty Item Values Inventory (Sandy et al., 2017), the Comprehensive Intellectual Humility Scale (Krumrei-Mancuso & Rouse, 2016), the 18-item Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs scale (Sheldon & Hilpert, 2012), the Situated Wise Reasoning Scale (Brienza et al., 2018), the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology scale (Schaufeli et al., 2006), and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (Venkatesh et al., 2003). The correlations observed between the different dimensions of 5DCR, and the relevant constructs further validate and support the applicability of the 5DCR instrument in non-Western contexts, offering deeper insights into the diverse expressions of curiosity and its connections with other psychological factors